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21. 题目: Rapid microbial production of long-lived dissolved organic carbon in the global ocean
文章编号: N26073113
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
作者: Ruanhong Cai, Oliver J Lechtenfeld, Andrew J Tanentzap, Julian P Sachs, Shuh‐Ji Kao, Helena Osterholz, Zhenwei Yan, Chen Zhao, Yuanbi Yi, Penghui Li, Chuanlun Zhang, Nianzhi Jiao, Boris P Koch, Gerhard J Herndl, Ding He
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Marine microbes have long been regarded as central to replenishing the ocean’s reservoir of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (RDOM). However, molecular-level evidence for their role remains inconclusive because RDOM persists for years to millennia, far exceeding timescales accessible to laboratory experiments, and because conventional analytical approaches lack the resolution to discern structural isomers of RDOM that confer functionally important differences in persistence. Using polarity-based liquid chromatography coupled to ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry capable of discriminating RDOM isomer clusters, we reveal that marine microbial consortia rapidly (≤ 90 d) convert diverse organic substrates into RDOM with extensive structural isomerism that closely mirrors natural seawater RDOM. A subset of these microbially derived RDOM compounds exhibits near-ubiquitous occurrence (> 99%) in a global dataset and accumulates progressively in the ocean’s interior. Together, our findings substantiate the direct microbial contribution to the long-lived oceanic carbon reservoir through the rapid diversification of RDOM isomers, a mechanism that contributes to sustaining the complexity and long-term persistence of the planetary-scale carbon reservoir.

22. 题目: Freeze‐thaw Cycles Effects on Straw‐induced Soil Organic Carbon Priming in a Mollisol are Mediated by Soil Moisture and Fertilization History
文章编号: N26073112
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Minghui Liu, Peng He, Yue‐Yu Sui, Lu‐Jun Li
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Soil freeze–thaw cycles in high‐latitude and high‐altitude agroecosystems significantly perturb soil carbon (C) cycling processes. Straw return during post‐harvest periods exposes soils to freeze–thaw cycles, which may amplify native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization through priming effects. While agricultural management practices—particularly soil moisture regulation and fertilizer regimes—modulate these responses by altering microbial C metabolism and resource stoichiometry, the mechanistic interactions remain poorly quantified. Through controlled incubation experiments simulating freeze–thaw scenarios (5 cycles of −5°C/5°C), we systematically evaluated total CO 2 emission partitioning (straw‐ vs. SOC‐derived), SOC priming, and microbial C use efficiency (CUE) under two moisture regimes (60% vs. 80% water‐holding capacity) and fertilization histories (24‐year mineral fertilizer vs. mineral fertilizer + straw). The results showed that freeze–thaw cycles significantly increased the total, straw‐derived, and SOC‐derived CO 2 emissions and PE. Microbial CUE showed contrasting responses to freeze–thaw under different moisture conditions. Mechanistically, PE magnitude exhibited divergent controls: a strong negative correlation with microbial CUE, while a positive correlation with the ratio of C to N cycle‐related enzyme activities. Furthermore, soil microbial CUE reduction after freeze–thaw cycles was tightly coupled with resource‐microbial C:N imbalance. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the freeze–thaw cycles after straw return drive soil C loss by increasing native SOC mineralization and suppressing microbial C assimilation. Crucially, soil moisture regulation and fertilizer management modulated these effects by restructuring microbial physiological constraints and enzyme‐mediated stoichiometric flexibility.

23. 题目: Enhancing Molecular Change: Iron-Mediated Photochemistry Increases DOM Transformation in Tropical Peatland Canals
文章编号: N26073111
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Lucia Cancelada, Jennifer C Bowen, Gusti Z Anshari, Irina Koester, Pieter C Dorrestein, Alison M Hoyt, Lihini I Aluwihare
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Drainage and deforestation of tropical peatlands release large amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron (Fe) in sunlit drainage canals. Rapid sunlight-driven photochemical degradation of this DOM has been shown to reintroduce millennia-old peat carbon into the active carbon cycle through greenhouse gas production. However, the impact of photochemistry on the downstream fate of DOM in drainage canals remains unknown because DOM transformation during tropical peat photodegradation has never been measured. We investigated the potential of Fe to impact the quality of photodegradation products (photoproducts) formed during sunlight exposure of DOM from unshaded tropical peatland canals in Indonesia. After exposure of canal waters to sunlight in controlled experiments, DOM was isolated by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to identify photoproduced formulas and their chemical classes. Over 2400 formulas and 380 molecular structure candidates were found using this approach, including shikimates/phenylpropanoids and terpenoid-like compounds. We found that canal waters with high dissolved Fe concentrations had the highest chemical diversity of photoproducts, even compared to canal waters exposed to larger doses of light. Our results highlight the importance of Fe and related photo-Fenton reactions in impacting the nature of photoproducts, with potential consequences for downstream DOM lability and mineralization in tropical peatland canals.

24. 题目: Effect of Humic Acid Complexation and Iron(II) Reduction on the Fate of Neptunium in Anaerobic Aqueous Environments
文章编号: N26073110
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Yuxiao Guo, Zhijin Zhao, Bin Li, Huaixin Hao, Zhipeng Wang, Chao Xu
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Neptunium (Np) is a long-lived, highly radiotoxic transuranic element of critical concern in the nuclear fuel cycle and the final geological disposal of radioactive waste. Owing to the redox sensitivity of Np and its tendency to complex with natural organic matter, the environmental mobility of Np can be significantly affected by a wide variety of geochemical processes. In this study, we investigated the interactions among Np(V), humic acid (HA), and Fe(II) under anaerobic aqueous conditions. Techniques including solvent extraction, ultrafiltration, dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy were employed to quantitatively characterize the impacts of HA and Fe(II) on the oxidation-state distribution and aqueous speciation of Np. The results demonstrate that HA can effectively complex Np(V) and subsequently reduce Np(V) to Np(IV) to a limited extent. The presence of Fe(II) significantly alters the reaction pathway, markedly promoting the reduction of Np(V) and the formation of colloidal species that enhance Np retention in the natural environment. This work provides the first mechanistic insight into Np redox transformation and speciation evolution in the Np-HA-Fe ternary system, highlighting the synergistic role of Fe(II) and HA in governing the environmental fate of Np. These findings offer critical scientific support for the accurate prediction of Np mobility in groundwater and the reliable long-term safety assessment of geological repositories.

25. 题目: Geogenic Phosphorus Enrichment Patterns in Alluvial-Lacustrine versus Alluvial Aquifers: Roles of Organic Matter Supply and Degradation Pathways
文章编号: N26073109
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Cong Wang, Yao Du, Jin Wang, Wenhui Liu, Lijie Lin, Mengze Li, Yanxin Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Geogenic phosphorus (P) is widely documented in aquifers worldwide, and its content varies substantially across geologic environments. However, comparative investigations elucidating the mechanisms underlying disparities in geogenic P enrichment among basins with contrasting geologic settings are limited. In this study, two representative aquifer systems with contrasting P levels were investigated, including an alluvial-lacustrine aquifer in the middle Yangtze River (MYZ) and an alluvial aquifer in the middle-lower Yellow River (MYR). We observed that dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) dominated the P pool in both regions and was primarily derived from organic matter (OM) mineralization, whereas markedly higher P concentrations occurred in MYZ. In MYZ, abundant OM underwent advanced methanogenic mineralization governed by thermodynamic constraints, with DIP production driven by the transformation of recalcitrant CHO+2P into labile CHO+1P. In contrast, OM mineralization in MYR remained at an initial fermentation stage under kinetic constraints, and DIP formation was mainly associated with the dephosphorylation of labile CHO+1P. Overall, OM supply, mineralization stage, and degradation pathway jointly regulated the magnitude of geogenic P enrichment across aquifer systems under different geologic settings. These findings can improve the mechanistic understanding of geogenic P production and provide a theoretical basis for managing geogenic P in groundwater.

26. 题目: Enhanced Rock Weathering Affects Formation of Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon in Soil
文章编号: N26073108
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology Letters
作者: Kaiyu Lei, Pedro P C Teixeira, Christopher Just, Franz Buegger, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, Franziska B Bucka
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Enhanced silicate rock weathering (ERW) is increasingly considered for climate mitigation through inorganic carbon (IC) formation, yet its effects on soil organic carbon (OC) turnover remain poorly constrained and mechanistically unresolved. We investigated how the basalt weathering state influences mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) in a 6 month microcosm incubation of a slightly acidic Cambisol. Fresh basalt (olivine-rich) and naturally weathered basalt (olivine-depleted and phyllosilicate-enriched) were applied, and 13C-labeled straw was used to trace the incorporation of plant-derived C into MAOM. Fresh basalt caused more native MAOM-C loss (∼13%) by 0.86 ± 0.29 mg of C (g of soil)−1, likely driven by pH, whereas weathered basalt caused minimal pH change and marginal native MAOM-C loss (∼0%) compared to the control. In 13C-labeled straw-amended soils, weathered basalt, characterized by a larger specific surface area and limited pH alteration, increased straw-derived new MAOM-C formation by 20% and 8.5% compared to fresh basalt and the control, respectively. These microcosm incubation results suggest that basalt weathering within 6 months of application may strongly modulate native MAOM-C loss and new MAOM-C formation. Our findings indicate that ERW can influence soil MAOM-C beyond IC sequestration, which implies the need to include MAOM-C responses in ERW carbon accounting to improve its climate mitigation potential assessments.

27. 题目: Olive pomace-derived biochar mitigates gaseous emissions and enhances compost quality during thermophilic phase of composting
文章编号: N26073107
期刊: Frontiers in Environmental Science
作者: Ibrahim A Abdelfadeel, Khaled D Alotaibi, Fahad N Alkoiak
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Introduction The application of biochar (BC) has gained increasing attention as an effective strategy for reducing gaseous emissions and improving compost quality. This study evaluated the effects of olive pomace (OP)-derived BC produced at two pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C and 600 °C) and applied at two rates (5% and 10%) on gaseous emissions and compost physicochemical properties during the thermophilic phase of OP composting. Methods Five treatments were evaluated, including a control without BC and four BC-amended treatments, each conducted in triplicate using three pilot-scale bioreactors operated sequentially under identical conditions. Emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were continuously monitored over the 9-day thermophilic phase. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA to assess the effects of treatment, sampling day, and their interaction, followed by the LSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Results BC addition significantly reduced cumulative NH 3 , N 2 O, CH 4 , and CO 2 emissions by 56-78%, 62-93%, 43-55%, and 79-85%, respectively, compared with the control. The greatest mitigation was achieved with BC produced at 600 °C and applied at 10%. These reductions were associated with improved aeration and enhanced retention of nitrogen and labile carbon. BC also improved compost quality by increasing total nitrogen (up to 1.41%), phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrient contents, while decreasing ammonium concentration, electrical conductivity, bulk density, and the C ratio (18.2), indicating enhanced compost maturity. Discussion OP-derived BC, particularly when produced at 600 °C and applied at 10%, effectively mitigated greenhouse gas and NH 3 while improving compost physicochemical properties and maturity during the thermophilic phase. These findings support the use of BC as a sustainable amendment for enhancing compost quality and reducing the environmental impacts of organic waste management.

28. 题目: Mechanistic insights into carbendazim adsorption on plant-derived biochar: Experimental kinetics, DFT simulations, and the impact of magnetization
文章编号: N26073106
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Arvind Kumar, Sujan Majumder, Manoj Dhouni, Kirti Singh, Rajesh Puri Goswami, Sidharth Kumar Singh, Arvind Nath Singh, Rajesh Kumar
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: The environmental hazards triggered by the persistent nature and high leaching potential of carbendazim (CBZ) in agroecosystems demand efficient immobilization techniques. This study presents a sustainable waste-to-resource strategy by converting the noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus into raw biochar (PB) and magnetic biochar (PM) for trapping CBZ within sandy loam soil matrices. Batch adsorption conditions were optimized at a neutral pH, a fixed contact time of 24 h, and varying initial pesticide concentrations to systematically map equilibrium boundaries. The immobilization pathways on both materials conform to pseudo-first-order kinetics. PB displayed superior performance, securing an 85.15% CBZ elimination efficiency alongside a maximum Langmuir uptake capacity (Qmax) of 19.315 mg g−1. In contrast, the iron oxide modification in PM induced a slight decline in primary performance, yielding a 73.50% removal efficiency and a lower capacity (Qmax = 15.590 mg g−1), which is ascribed to structural masking during magnetization. Notable adsorption-desorption hysteresis loops validated the tight binding of CBZ, minimizing its post-application mobility. Spontaneous and exothermic thermodynamic profiles were confirmed alongside comprehensive microstructural assessments. Surface characterization revealed well-developed mesoporous architectures (with a distinct reduction in available specific surface area post-magnetization), crystalline iron oxide phases verified via XRD, and significant zeta potential alterations shifting from −28 mV PB to −13 mV PM which confirm surface charge modification. Complementing the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) simulations disclosed an exothermic, non-covalent adsorption mechanism (Eads = −44 kJ/mol) regulated by donor-acceptor electronic interactions between CBZ and the carbonaceous host. Consequently, this work establishes Parthenium-derived adsorbents as economically viable and ecologically sound amendments for managing pesticide pollution.

29. 题目: Carbon stocks in riparian forests in the Amazonia-Cerrado transition over 15 years: Effects of restoration methods and edaphoclimatic factors.
文章编号: N26073105
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Silvia Barbosa Rodrigues, Marina Guimarães Freitas, Lorrayne Aparecida Gonçalves, Tamilis Rocha, Lara Aranha da Costa, Eduardo Malta Campos-Filho, Icaro Abreu Sousa, Raphael Matias, Pedro Pereira Santos, Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Ecological restoration is critical to counteract land degradation and mitigate climate change. Tropical forest restoration offers major carbon sequestration potential due to rapid biomass accumulation and high storage capacity. However, the long-term carbon sequestration efficacy of different methods remains poorly understood in large-scale restoration projects. We investigated the recovery of aboveground biomass (AGB) and soil organic carbon (SOC) over a 15-year chronosequence in the Amazonia-Cerrado transition, comparing direct seeding techniques (broadcast, holes and rows) against seedling planting and natural regeneration. Using linear mixed-effects models, we assessed how restoration age and edaphoclimatic variables influenced these carbon pools. Our results show that AGB accumulation was primarily driven by the restoration age and soil fertility, with row-seeding significantly outperforming other seeding techniques and seedling plantations. This success was linked to the mechanical precision of row-seeding, which favored longer-lived pioneer species with specific seed traits. In contrast, SOC stocks remained stable across the chronosequence and were controlled by edaphoclimatic factors rather than restoration methods, underscoring the decoupling of aboveground biomass accumulation from belowground carbon dynamics. We conclude that direct seeding is a highly cost-effective method for carbon-focused restoration, but the specific technique and soil fertility significantly influenced the outcome. To maximize sequestration at scale, future efforts should prioritize soil amelioration, seeding precision, and species selection.

30. 题目: Synergistic enhancement of Fenton-like catalytic performance via defect-engineered in MOF-on-MOF/biochar structures
文章编号: N26073104
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Yizhou Feng, Ting Wu, Qiyu Shi, Fangshu Xie, Zhihua Li, Weihuang Zhu
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been identified as promising candidate materials for Fenton-like reactions. Nevertheless, the powder-like nature of pristine MOFs leads to poor recyclability, and their derived catalysts often suffer from severe aggregation, both of which hinder practical application and efficiency enhancement. In this work, we developed a MOF-on-MOF approach integrated with biochar-mediated structural tuning to fabricate a composite MOF architecture. This design enables the rational integration of distinct MOF components into a robust and cooperative framework. The resulting catalyst effectively mitigates both the high dispersibility of pristine MOFs and the aggregation issues commonly observed in MOF-derived materials. Furthermore, the biochar framework suppresses the aggregation of derivatives and induces the amorphization of the MOF structure, facilitating a unique structural arrangement that promotes oxygen vacancy (Ov) generation through kinetic control. Experimental findings revealed that the MOF-on-MOF configuration markedly enhanced catalytic activity and pollutant degradation performance during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The resulting Co@(KB/Cu)-300 catalyst was found to possess enhanced catalytic activity and stability for PMS activation, achieving 99.3% tetracycline (TC) degradation within 10 min, a PMS utilization efficiency of 96.5% in 30 min, and a total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization rate of 60.1% after 300 min. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses indicated that multiple reactive species SO4•-, O2•-, 1O2 and OH• contributed significantly to pollutant degradation. Overall, this MOF-on-MOF strategy effectively addresses the structural limitations of traditional MOFs while the strategic use of biochar facilitates Ov formation, substantially boosting PMS activation performance.

31. 题目: Global Black Carbon Aerosol: Spatiotemporal Distributions, Drivers, and Health Impacts
文章编号: N26073103
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Hao Yu, Xinyu He, Menglin Liu, Guangxuan Yan, Dan Yao, Pengtuan Hu, Xue Li, Yanze Jia, Shimin Zhong, Zhiguo Cao, Jingshen Zhang, Xiaoli Zhao, Fengchang Wu
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Black carbon (BC) is a key short-lived climate pollutant and a toxic component of PM2.5. This review synthesizes global BC studies published since 2000 and evaluates its spatiotemporal distribution, source contributions, meteorological drivers, and health risks. The compiled evidence shows high concentrations are mainly found in South Asia and Africa, while low concentrations occur in Europe and North America. South American records were limited in the screened literature, and the apparent lower concentrations in this region may partly reflect sparse monitoring coverage rather than a regionwide low concentration pattern. Source evidence indicates that fossil fuel combustion is often important in urban and industrial regions, whereas biomass burning, residential solid fuel use, open waste burning, wildfire emissions, and agricultural burning can contribute substantially in fire affected and data sparse regions. Meteorological factors, including wind speed, boundary layer dynamics, and precipitation play a crucial regulatory role in the accumulation and removal of BC, driving its seasonal variations. The passive smoking equivalent results indicated that the mean decline in lung function associated with BC in children is approximately three times higher than that associated with low birth weight and cardiovascular mortality equivalents. The human health risk assessment results suggested that the lifetime carcinogenic risk of inhaling BC for adults was approximately 2.2 times that of children and was highest in rapidly industrialized areas and transportation hotspots. We further identified dermal exposure as a neglected pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for future global BC pollution control and public health protection.

32. 题目: The persistence of mineral-associated organic matter varies with time and litter quality
文章编号: N26073102
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Preeti Singh, Saliha Irshad, Ondřej Mudrák, Gerrit Angst, Martin Bartuška, Jan Frouz
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Soil organic matter is often divided into particulate organic matter (POM), which is assumed to turn over fast, and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), which is assumed to persist in soil for extended periods. However, recent studies indicate quick turnover of part of MAOM. While it is well established that litter quality and soil history affect POM and MAOM formation, little is known about how these factors govern the decomposability of POM and MAOM. To address this gap, we investigated the turnover of MAOM relative to that of POM in soils of various ages supplied with litter of varying quality.

33. 题目: Electronic structure modulation of biochar for enhanced micropollutants degradation
文章编号: N26073101
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Fa Shen, Shi-Yan Guan, Jia-Qian Xu, Xiao-Nan Feng, Fu-Xue Wang, Yifei Sun
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Biochar (BC) has attracted widespread attention in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for micropollutants removal, mainly due to its unique physicochemical properties (e.g., persistent free radicals, surface functional groups and electron transfer capability), while its abundant feedstock, simple preparation and good environmental compatibility further facilitate its application. The catalytic activity of BC depends largely on its electronic structure. Therefore, understanding and modulating electronic structure is crucial for enhancing performance. However, there is a lack of systematic analysis regarding the strategies and mechanisms for modulating electronic structure of BC. To this end, this review systematically summarizes the preparation methods of BC (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization and gasification) and the effects of reaction conditions on electronic structure. In addition, the mechanisms by which various modification strategies (e.g., one-step pyrolysis, impregnation-pyrolysis, ball milling, precipitation and reduction) regulate the electronic properties are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the influence of BC's electronic structure on catalytic reaction mechanisms in advanced oxidation systems (including catalytic ozonation, Fenton-like reactions, persulfate activation and peracetic acid activation) is examined. Finally, future directions for the development of high-performance BC catalysts are proposed.

34. 题目: Unveiling the roles of humic acid on As(III) remediation by nanoscale zero-valent iron in anoxic water
文章编号: N26073011
期刊: Water Research
作者: Zhaoli Liu, Jiahui Fu, Wei-Xian Zhang, Airong Liu
更新时间: 2026-07-30
摘要: Humic acid (HA), ubiquitous in natural groundwater, affects the efficiency and long-term performance of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) for in-situ contaminated groundwater remediation. This work aims to clarify how HA affects As(III) removal by nZVI under anoxic conditions. Batch and column experiments were conducted to investigate the removal behaviors of As(III). Multiple characterization techniques, including X-ray absorption fine structure, transmission electron microscopy integrated with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were employed to analyze interfacial reactivity and electron transfer characteristics. The results showed that HA exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition on both As(III) removal rate and surface-mediated oxidation of As(III). The reaction rate constant decreased to approximately 80% and As(V) proportion declined to roughly 60%. HA exerted no obvious impact on Fe° corrosion and nZVI solid phase evolution. The main inhibitory mechanisms were competitive adsorption on active sites and complexation with aqueous iron ions, which restricted As(III) immobilization and hindered As(III) oxidation induced by surface iron oxides and Fe(II). Furthermore, column experiments verified that HA improved the mobility of nZVI in simulated groundwater environments, but did not offset its inhibitory effect on As(III) sequestration. These findings provide scientific insights into the influence of HA on As(III) sequestration and offer a fundamental basis for enhancing the application performance of nZVI.

35. 题目: Intenal Electric Field-Engineered Biofiltration for Synergistic Remediation of Integrated Agri-Aquaculture Wastewater Containing Antibiotics, Endocrine Disruptors, and Dyes: Metabolic Shielding and Microbiome Optimization via Amine-Grafted Plecostomus Biochar
文章编号: N26073010
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Vignesh Jagajeevan, Vidhya Lakshmi Sivakumar
更新时间: 2026-07-30
摘要: The global expansion of Integrated Agri-Aquaculture Systems (IAAS) generates co-contaminated wastewater containing veterinary antibiotics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and dyes. Traditional biofilters fail under this matrix because antibiotics induce toxic shock in microbial communities. To address this limitation, a multi-field coupled biofiltration system was developed using a waste-derived substrate. Invasive Plecostomus mortalities were upcycled into phosphorus- and nitrogen-doped biochar and engineered through co-precipitation and silanization to produce an amine-grafted magnetic composite, NH₂-Fe₃O₄@P-BC. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed a porous carbon framework decorated with nanoscale Fe₃O₄ spheres, while X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy revealed a −0.7eV shift in Fe 2p spectra, confirming spontaneous formation of an Internal Electric Field (IEF). During 90 days of continuous-flow operation, the IEF activated trace dissolved oxygen to generate •OH and •O₂⁻ radicals. This abiotic catalytic field functioned as a localized metabolic shield, delaying Sulfamethoxazole breakthrough until Day 85 (p < 0.01 versus biological controls) and sustaining >95% degradation of Florfenicol, 17α-Ethinylestradiol, and Atrazine, >98.5% Malachite Green decolorization, and >92% Chemical Oxygen Demand removal. Biochemical assays showed active biomass (5.8 × 10⁵ RLU/g VSS) and Dehydrogenase activity, reaching 55.0mg TF/g VSS·h. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing revealed enrichment of Pseudomonas (25%) and Rhodococcus (18%), enabling mineralization of catalytic intermediates and substrate regeneration. The synergy of electrostatic adsorption, IEF-driven catalysis, and biological assimilation offers a strategy for agro-industrial wastewater remediation.

36. 题目: Quasi-amorphous La2O3 nanoparticles loaded steam-exploded straw biochar for simultaneous adsorption and selective separation of phosphate and arsenate
文章编号: N26073009
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Yanpeng Huang, Yi Wang, Ziyan Nong, Tong Cui, Jingfan Yan, Fumin Chu, Siyu Jia, Sen Yang
更新时间: 2026-07-30
摘要: Co-contamination of phosphate and arsenate is common in wastewater and aquatic environments due to their chemical similarity. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously remove and selectively separate them via adsorption. Here, quasi-amorphous La2O3 nanoparticles loaded steam-exploded straw biochar (La-BC) were synthesized via impregnation-precipitation-low temperature pyrolysis. La-BC exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities of 79.7 mg P g−1 and 205.4 mg As g−1. When phosphate and arsenate coexisted, La-BC reduced their concentrations from 1 mg L−1 to 0.002 and 0.009 mg L−1, respectively. Phosphate adsorption proceeds mainly via surface precipitation, whereas arsenate removal relies on surface precipitation combined with ligand exchange. La-BC exhibits extremely rapid adsorption rates for phosphate, particularly within the first 3 min. In contrast, the equilibrium time of arsenate is 10 h. This pronounced kinetic disparity enables La-BC to selectively separate phosphate from phosphate-arsenate binary solutions in a time-dependent manner, with a maximum separation factor of 397. Leaching and biochar aging tests demonstrate the high stability of La-BC-P and La-BC-As. This study proposes a sustainable and feasible strategy to fabricate adsorbents from biomass for simultaneous removal of phosphate and arsenate and selective recovery of phosphate.

37. 题目: Spiramycin fermentation residue-derived biochar regulates soil nutrient cycling, microbial communities, and antibiotic resistance gene dynamics
文章编号: N26073008
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Yepeng Tian, Jinzhi Sun, Quancheng Shu, Hongwei Sun, Xiaoyong Yang, Yucan Liu, Yanxiang Zhang, Jing Ding, Lijuan Lan, Picheng Gong, Gang Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-30
摘要: Spiramycin fermentation residues (SFR) are hazardous wastes enriched with residual antibiotics, yet they can serve as potential feedstocks for resource recovery after appropriate treatment. In this study, SFR-derived biochar (SFR-BC) was produced by pyrolysis and applied to agricultural soil to evaluate its effects on soil properties, microbial communities, potential pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). A 60-day soil incubation experiment was conducted with one control and three SFR-BC application rates of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. SFR-BC improved soil physicochemical properties, nutrient status, enzyme activities, and microbial alpha diversity. Metagenomic analysis showed that SFR-BC altered the abundance of functional genes associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling, indicating shifts in microbial functional potential. SFR-BC also changed bacterial co-occurrence patterns, with the high-dose treatment showing a more complex and highly connected network structure during incubation. In addition, high-dose SFR-BC reduced several potential pathogenic bacteria, including major plant pathogenic taxa. SFR-BC decreased soil ARG abundance by 9.38%–33.67% and MGE abundance by 6.49%–27.89% relative to the control, showing a dose-dependent reduction in antibiotic resistance-related genetic elements. Network and PLS-PM analyses further indicated that ARG variation was statistically associated with soil physicochemical properties, microbial diversity, potential bacterial hosts, and MGEs. Overall, these results suggest that SFR-BC can improve short-term soil nutrient status and reduce ARGs, MGEs, and several potential pathogenic taxa under controlled incubation conditions, providing useful evidence for the potential valorization of antibiotic fermentation residues through pyrolysis.

38. 题目: Contrasting responses of soil dissolved organic matter molecular characteristics to short- and long-term grazing exclusion in an alpine meadow
文章编号: N26073007
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Xinghong Cao, Yixuan Zhang, Jiacong Zhou, Yalan Chen, Ding He, Ke Sun, Ji Chen
更新时间: 2026-07-30
摘要: Grazing exclusion (GE) is widely used to restore degraded grasslands and enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, yet its effects on dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular characteristics remain unclear. Using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, we investigated the effects of 6-year (GE6) and 14-year (GE14) grazing exclusion on DOM molecular composition and potential transformations in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. GE6 increased topsoil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content by 13% and shifted DOM toward less processed and more plant-derived signatures, as reflected by greater aromaticity and unsaturation, a larger recalcitrant-inactive fraction, and a higher ratio of thermodynamically limited to favorable processes in DOM potential transformations. These changes were linked to increased above- and belowground biomass and low soil water content, suggesting greater plant-derived carbon inputs but potentially constrained microbial processing under moisture limitation. In contrast, GE14 decreased subsoil DOC content by 16% and shifted DOM toward lower molecular recalcitrance relative to GE6, characterized by lower aromaticity and unsaturation and a larger labile-active fraction, suggesting potentially enhanced microbial processing of DOM. This was further indicated by a higher proportion of thermodynamically favorable processes in DOM potential transformations. These changes were associated with reduced plant biomass and increased soil water content. Overall, our findings show that grazing exclusion duration has nonlinear effects on DOC content and DOM molecular characteristics. These findings provide molecular-level information for refining grazing-exclusion management in alpine meadows and for improving process-based understanding of soil carbon dynamics.

39. 题目: A calcium-assisted route for humic-carbon enrichment in manure–straw biochar via mild hydrothermal pretreatment and low-temperature pyrolysis
文章编号: N26073006
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Xinyu Geng, Kangyue Zhang, Jin Zhou, Qi Wu, Hongyu Yang, Zimin Wei
更新时间: 2026-07-30
摘要: Livestock manure and crop straw are abundant biowastes. Conventional pyrolysis often produces stable biochars with limited humic characteristics, whereas natural humification is slow and low-yield. Here, chicken manure and corn stover were converted through a stepwise hydrothermal–pyrolytic route to improve the recovery of extractable humic fractions in biochar. Stepwise screening identified mild hydrothermal pretreatment coupled with 300 °C pyrolysis as the baseline process window, and Ca(OH)2 as the most effective additive. Relative to the additive-free control, Ca(OH)2 increased the feedstock-normalised humic substance yield from 60.77 to 107.86 mg C g−1 and shifted the humic pool towards a humic-acid-enriched composition, with the humic acid to humic substances ratio increasing from 0.10 to 0.70. EEM–PARAFAC showed that the contribution of the most humified component increased from 14.16% to 30.83%, accompanied by the disappearance of the shortest-wavelength component. Complementary functional-group and microstructural evidence showed additive-dependent rebalancing of oxygenated functionalities and Ca-enriched surface domains, with surface Ca increasing from 1.8 to 4.1 wt%. Non-targeted UHPLC–Orbitrap MS further indicated a redistributed and more signal-concentrated detectable ionisable subpool under Ca-assisted conditions, with the number of retained molecular features decreasing from 361 to 263. Collectively, these findings suggest a Ca-associated shift in the extractable humic pool toward HA enrichment, likely involving both alkaline transformation and mineral–organic association under mild hydrothermal–pyrolytic conditions, and highlight the potential of this route for humic-fraction enrichment from waste biomass.

40. 题目: Magnetite-enhanced humic substances-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane: Insights into extracellular electron transfer mechanisms and microbial interactions
文章编号: N26073005
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Lianfu Liang, Jingnan Yan, Zhengan Zhang, Yuying Li, Zhiqiang Zhao, Yaobin Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-30
摘要: Redox-active natural organic matter (NOM, e.g., humic substances) is ubiquitous in organic-rich environments, which are the major sources of global methane emissions. Extracellular electron transfer (EET)-mediated anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) using NOM as electron acceptors is critical for mitigating methane emissions from these systems. However, the effects of magnetite on NOM-AOM and its underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Batch experiments coupled with 13CH4 isotope labeling showed that magnetite significantly enhanced AOM driven by humic acid (HA), a representative NOM. The methane oxidation rate in magnetite-amended systems (0.54 ± 0.04 mmol/g VSS/d) was 1.3-fold higher than that in the system without magnetite (0.41 ± 0.09 mmol/g VSS/d), with acetate identified as a key intermediate metabolite. Microbial community analysis revealed that Methanosarcina likely plays a pivotal role in HA-driven AOM. Its relative abundance in magnetite-amended systems was 1.5-fold higher than in controls (11.0 % vs. 7.2 %). Additionally, the electroactive acetate-oxidizing bacterium norank_Anaerolineaceae was also detected. Electrochemical characterization further demonstrated that magnetite enhanced microbial EET capacity, as evidenced by increased electron storage capacity, reduced electron transfer resistance, and enhanced redox activity of outer membrane proteins. Functional gene prediction analysis revealed that magnetite upregulated genes encoding electrically conductive pili and the membrane-bound electron transfer complex Rnf, which may underlie the promotion of EET by magnetite. These findings provide new insights into carbon cycling and highlight magnetite as a potential mediator for mitigating methane emissions from wetlands and paddy soils, which are rich in NOM and iron minerals.