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1. 题目: Construction of iron oxide decorated biochar based nanozyme from spent mushroom substrate waste: A dual functional nanozyme for detection and visible light driven photocatalytic detoxification of chlorpyrifos
文章编号: N26100712
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Ashmita Das, Ramagopal V S Uppaluri, Sudip Mitra
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Agricultural waste derived biochar nanozyme has garnered extensive attention by the researchers in recent times due to its sustainable production, commercial viability, and abundance of precursor. Since the pristine biochar nanozyme demonstrated substrate specificity and limited peroxidase mimic catalytic activity, the applicability of such nanozymes to achieve the multifunctional requirement for detection and degradation in environmental applications needs further investigation. This study developed a novel nanozyme by decorating iron oxide over pristine biochar particle (180-FMBN-8) to achieve multifunctional applicability for detection and degradation of chlorpyrifos. The in situ solvothermal impregnation method were employed for the fabrication of 180-FMBN-8 by impregnating iron oxide over biochar nanozyme derived from spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a widely generated byproduct from mushroom cultivation. 180-FMBN-8 exhibits peroxidase mimic catalytic activity and stability over a wide range of operating conditions. The structural, morphological and functional characterization of 180-FMBN-8 revealed that the presence of rhombohedral Fe2O3 phase in 180-FMBN-8 played a major role in improving its multifunctional and enhanced activity. The colorimetric sensing platform, incorporating 180-FMBN-8 as an active component exhibited a detection limit of 0.06 mg L−1 for chlorpyrifos, and leveraging its intrinsic photocatalytic activity, accomplished an effective degradation of the same organophosphate pesticide under visible light, achieving a maximum degradation of 83.8% for artificial farmland wastewater. This research promotes the advancement of waste derived carbon nanozyme material, offering a viable approach to tackling pesticide pollution.

2. 题目: Elevated soil organic carbon induced by a one-time woody peat application persists through the fourth year: Microbial-driven divergent temporal changes in particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon
文章编号: N26100711
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Tantan Zhou, Jisheng Xu, Yunpeng Zhou, Wei Guo, Jiawen Deng, Shijia Yuan, Jiabao Zhang, Bingzi Zhao
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Knowledge regarding the multi-year dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its underlying microbial mechanisms after a one-time application of woody peat (WP) under field conditions remains limited. In this study, we investigated temporal changes in SOC and its fractions, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), using a time-series of adjacent fields (0, 1, 2, and 4 years post-application). Our findings show that a one-time WP application significantly increased SOC in the first year, driven by concurrent increases in both POC and MAOC. These increases were partially derived from the applied WP and its residual components, mediated by shifts in the microbial community. From the first to fourth year after application, the elevated SOC level remained stable through contrasting dynamics of POC and MAOC, namely, POC declined substantially over time, whereas MAOC continued to increase. The reduction in POC was primarily associated with decreases in bacterial necromass C and β-1,4-glucosidase activity, which were closely linked to a microbial succession from protistan and bacterial dominance in the first year, to a bacterial-fungal mixture in the second year, and finally to fungal dominance by the fourth year. In contrast, the increase in MAOC was mainly driven by rising fungal necromass C and phenol oxidase activity, which were associated with a microbial succession that progressed from protistan and bacterial dominance in the first year to distinct fungal dominance in the subsequent second and fourth years. This study demonstrates the long-term effect of a one-time WP application on SOC accumulation and provides a time-resolved microbial perspective, identifying specific bacterial, fungal, and protistan genera associated with POC and MAOC dynamics, thereby clarifying the microbial mechanisms governing SOC persistence. Our findings underscore the important role of protists in regulating both POC and MAOC, particularly during the initial stage after WP application.

3. 题目: Long-term black carbon quantification and sources in largest European megacity Moscow: impact of gas-fuel heating, population activity, and wildfires
文章编号: N26100710
期刊: Atmospheric Environment
作者: Olga Popovicheva, Marina Chichaeva, Roman Kovach, Matic Ivančič, Asta Gregorič, Balint Alfoldy, Nikolay Kasimov
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Aerosol impact is the subject of intense research in megacities with strong environmental loading and northern climate. Long-term aerosol characterization was performed at urban background of the northernmost largest European megacity Moscow, with focus on equivalent black carbon (eBC). Annual mean eBC concentration was 1.3 ± 0.8 μg/m3. No pronounced seasonal variability, with slight increase ∼15% in August and September, was recorded, in contrast to European and Asian urban backgrounds exhibited high winter patterns. Monthly mean PM10 and PM2.5 followed similar trends. Significant negative correlations observed between eBC and wind speed, eBC and boundary layer height. Seasonal conditional probability function showed the eBC response to wind, indicating sources from large roads and industrial plants. Diurnal trends revealed a dual-peaked pattern in summer and a flattening in spring and autumn; the opposite structure demonstrated afternoon maximum in winter. Annual average day-of-week trend related to morning and evening weekday rush hours that changed to one night peak structure during weekend. Seasonal regional sources addressed to residential sector, agriculture and summer wildfires. Apportion due to fossil (diesel, gasoline, gas) fuel (FF) and solid (biomass, coal) fuel (SF) combustion explored through the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) frequency distribution and an Aethalometer model constraining the AAE by collocated marker K+ and NOx. eBCFF accounted for up to 83% of eBC, low eBCSF indicated biomass/coal burning transportation from surrounding areas. It is first study for Moscow providing the intercomparison with European megacities using BC as an advanced air quality standards over Europe.

4. 题目: Microbial substrate formation via thermal alteration of organic matter in sediments of the Nankai Trough
文章编号: N26100709
期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
作者: Victoria Kürzinger, Verena B Heuer, Christian T Hansen, Wolfgang Bach, Shuchai Gan, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Deep marine sediments play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles, serving as a vast reservoir of organic carbon. Carbon turnover in these environments is governed by biotic and abiotic processes, with high temperatures promoting the latter. To determine the upper temperature limit of life in the deep biosphere, it is necessary to distinguish between thermal limits and energy constrains. Although microorganisms are known to be able to survive at the putative temperature limit of up to 122°C, it remains unclear whether this is due to a fundamental temperature limit or to insufficient in-situ productions of metabolic substrates at higher temperatures. In particular, the temperature dependence of abiotic formation of low-molecular-weight organic compounds, which are important substrates for microbial metabolism, is essentially unknown. To investigate the abiotic formation of low-molecular-weight substrates and their implications for carbon cycling in organic-poor sediments, we conducted hydrous pyrolysis experiments under high-pressure (25 MPa) and high-temperature (150‒250°C) conditions. A sediment sample from International Ocean Discovery Program Site C0023 in the Nankai Trough was chosen for the experiments (i.e., 88°C, see “Materials and Methods”), where in-situ temperatures reach 120°C at 1.2 km sediment depth. The experimental approach was combined with geochemical analyses followed by thermodynamic modeling to rate the abiotic formation of low-molecular-weight organics as potential substrates for microbial metabolism under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions.

5. 题目: MOF-functionalized biochar for volatile fatty acid separation: Adsorption mechanism and sustainability evaluation
文章编号: N26100708
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Heyuan Zhao, Jingwen Yang, Xiaoqian Wu, Zhihao Si, Yilin Zhao
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) derived from anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste represent valuable biobased building blocks, yet efficient separation and recovery of VFAs from complex aqueous fermentation liquors remain a persistent bottleneck. Adsorption serves as a promising route for bioproduct enrichment, but conventional adsorbents suffer from insufficient uptake capacity, low selectivity, or poor structural robustness. To overcome the weak mechanical stability of bare metal–organic frameworks and the lack of specific recognition toward target pollutants of pristine biochar, we rationally fabricate a Ce-UiO-66-functionalized biochar composite named BC@UiO-66-MOF for selective VFA capture. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize adsorption operational parameters, while a suite of characterizations including SEM, BET, in situ FTIR, XPS, and XRD verified the successful immobilization of Ce-UiO-66-MOF moieties on biochar scaffolds. We systematically unravel the intrinsic adsorption mechanisms toward various VFAs and further assess the practical applicability of this composite for the treatment of authentic fermentation wastewater. The as-prepared BC@UiO-66-MOF integrates the complementary merits of biochar and Ce-UiO-66-MOF, delivering synergistically boosted structural stability, abundant pore channels, and enhanced adsorption capacity, alongside markedly improved VFA selectivity and cyclic reusability relative to unmodified biochar. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations disclose that acetic acid exhibits stronger, thermodynamically more spontaneous adsorption interactions in high-polarity aqueous media compared to ethanol, verifying ethanol as an ideal desorption eluent. Fixed-bed dynamic adsorption tests reveal that the BC@UiO-66-MOF packed column exhibits a 28% longer breakthrough duration and 72% greater saturated adsorption capacity than commercial biochar (BC), highlighting its outstanding performance under continuous-flow operation. Complementary Aspen Plus process simulation coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) further substantiates the ecological sustainability and economic viability of the proposed VFA recovery workflow, underscoring the great industrial translation potential of the BC@UiO-66-MOF adsorbent for valorizing organic waste-derived VFAs.

6. 题目: Cascading purification of algal-laden surface water by Far-UVC/Fe(VI)-UF: Overcoming the organic matter transformation-water quality risk trade-off
文章编号: N26100707
期刊: Water Research
作者: Kunyu Chen, Zhenhao Sun, Jingwei Huang, Xiaojiang Huang, Peijie Li, Yan Jin, Xinsheng Luo, Xiaoxiang Cheng, Congwei Luo, Daoji Wu, Ruimin Mu
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Algal-laden surface water poses a persistent challenge to drinking water safety. Preoxidation coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) is a widely used treatment strategy, but preoxidation intensity entails an inherent trade-off between organic matter transformation and downstream water quality risk control. To overcome this trade-off, this study developed a Far-UVC/Fe(VI)-UF system that achieved cascading purification through the successive functions of enhanced preoxidation, in-situ adsorption/coagulation, and membrane surface prefiltration. During enhanced preoxidation, Fe(VI), Fe(V)/Fe(IV), and ROS jointly contributed to algal cell inactivation and selective organic matter transformation. Aromatic and unsaturated components were preferentially transformed through putative pathways involving oxygen addition, dehydrogenation, dealkylation, and decarboxylation, accompanied by the relative enrichment of more saturated and oxygenated products. Nascent Fe(III) generated from Fe(VI) reduction subsequently mediated in-situ adsorption/coagulation through adsorption bridging and sweep flocculation, promoting the aggregation and partial removal of inactivated algal cells, residual organic matter, and oxidation products, particularly higher m/z components. During UF, suspended nascent Fe(III) deposited on the membrane surface under permeation-driven drag, forming a porous layer that served as a third purification and antifouling unit through pore sieving, surface adsorption, and interfacial regulation. Consequently, total DOC removal reached 48.3%, the third cycle terminal normalized flux was 0.41, and total fouling resistance decreased by 52.6%. Importantly, Far-UVC/Fe(VI)-UF reduced the formation potentials of THMs and HANs and had a preliminary partial operating cost estimate of 0.419-0.502 CNY m−3. Therefore, Far-UVC/Fe(VI)-UF provides a promising cascading purification strategy to overcome the trade-off between organic matter transformation and downstream water quality risks.

7. 题目: Eight-year snow removal affects soil organic carbon fractions in a subalpine Picea asperata forest
文章编号: N26100706
期刊: Forest Ecology and Management
作者: Wenlan Huang, Liyun Yu, Xingyu Liu, Tong Gong, Sining Liu, Han Li, Lixia Wang, Bo Tan, Chengming You, Hongwei Xu, Lin Xu, Zhenfeng Xu, Li Zhang
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Climate warming is driving a reduction in snow cover in subalpine regions, which may have significant implications for forest carbon pools. We conducted an eight-year snow removal experiment in a subalpine Picea asperata forest in western Sichuan to investigate how snowpack decline affects soil carbon dynamics across seasons. Using soil organic carbon fractionation and metagenomics approaches, we analyzed changes in microbial community structure, carbon-cycle functional genes, and the content and potential stability of organic carbon components. Snow removal reshaped the microbial community structure, significantly increasing the total abundance of carbon decomposition-related genes by 7.04%, while the abundance of carbon fixation-related genes remained largely unaffected. Concurrently, snow removal exhibited distinct seasonal effects on different organic carbon fractions. During the growing season, it promoted the short-term accumulation of labile carbon fractions, with soil organic carbon (SOC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increasing by 15.82%, 7.10%, 52.82%, and 39.17%, respectively. In winter, however, it significantly reduced the SOC, EOC, MBC, mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) by 33.40%, 29.05%, 48.88%, 31.04%, and 40.90%, respectively. Notably, snow removal primarily exerted an indirect influence on the content and stability potential of organic carbon by altering soil physicochemical properties in winter. Our findings highlight the critical role of winter abiotic processes in regulating soil carbon dynamics and provide important insights for predicting the response of subalpine forest soil carbon sinks to ongoing climate change.

8. 题目: Effect of biochar amendment to the forest floor on net ecosystem production: An 8-year field experiment in a secondary oak forest
文章编号: N26100705
期刊: Forest Ecology and Management
作者: Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Mitsutoshi Tomotsune, Miyuki Kondo, Yumina Tanazawa, Tomoki Tarumi, Maru Yamamoto, Nada Yimatsa, Masaki Ando, Hiroshi Koizumi, Shinpei Yoshitake
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Applying biochar to forests as a carbon-negative technology holds great promise for sustainable forest management. However, given the inherently high carbon sequestration capacity of forest ecosystems, the potential impacts of biochar amendment on net ecosystem production (NEP) require careful evaluation. To address this, we conducted an 8-year field experiment in a secondary oak (Quercus serrata) forest to assess the long-term effectiveness of biochar on carbon sequestration. Biochar was manually applied to the forest floor at rates of 0 (Control), 5 (C5), and 10 Mg ha⁻¹ (C10). We estimated biometric-based NEP by quantifying net primary production (NPP) and heterotrophic respiration (HR). During the second and third years post-application, biochar accelerated HR. Consequently, NEP decreased by 53% in C5 and by 31% in C10 compared to the Control, although there was no statistical difference. During the later five-year period, NEP in C5 (1.23 ± 0.19 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) remained lower than the Control (2.26 ± 0.33 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). In contrast, the increase in HR in C10 completely subsided during this later phase. Driven by a sustained, significantly higher growth rate of canopy oak trees compared to the Control, NPP in C10 exhibited an increasing trend. Consequently, NEP in C10 (3.11 ± 0.74 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) trended higher than the Control, although the difference was not statistically significant. These findings highlight that a biochar amendment of 10 Mg ha⁻¹ yields a long-term net carbon gain by enhancing canopy tree growth and the NEP of the forest ecosystem.

9. 题目: Microplastics impair Cd(II) immobilization by biochar through suppressed precipitation, complexation, and electron transfer
文章编号: N26100704
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yan Wang, Ran Tao, Jingyi Wang, Zelun Zhao, Yuan Liang, Lingzhao Kong
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Heavy metals and microplastics co-occur in many agricultural soils, but their interactions,transportation and mechanisms of MPs interfere with heavy metal immobilization by biochar remain poorly understood. The polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were employed to reveal the Cd(II) adsorption and migration behavior in biochar through sorption-desorption, leaching expriment, electrochemical, and spectroscopic analyses. The results demonstrated that both MPs significantly reduced adsorption capacity, slower adsorption kinetics, and enhanced Cd remobilization potential. Compared with the BC-only system, PP and PS decreased Cd(II) adsorption capacity by 12.56% and 8.30%, while increasing desorption rates by 5.31% and 4.57%, respectively. PP and PS prolonged adsorption equilibrium times by 0.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively, indicating that MPs hindered Cd(II) stabilization on biochar. Column leaching experiments further confirmed MPs promoted the release and downward migration of previously immobilized Cd(II). The inhibitory pathways were suppression of Cd-mineral precipitation, weakening of surface complexation interactions, and reduction of electron transfer capacity. XRD and FTIR analyses indicated decreased formation of Cd-containing precipitates and weakened interactions between Cd(II) and oxygen-containing functional groups (CO/CC, C–O, and Si–O–Si) on biochar surfaces. Electrochemical analysis also showed that MPs reduced the electron transfer capacity of BC by 7.03–12.71%, limiting electron-mediated Cd stabilization processes. PP exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than PS, likely due to its higher hydrophobicity and aggregation tendency, which enhanced surface shielding effects and restricted Cd–BC interactions. Overall, these findings demonstrate that microplastics compromise the long-term stability of biochar-based heavy metal remediation and increase Cd mobility risks in soils contaminated with multiple emerging pollutants.

10. 题目: Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization regulates straw carbon sequestration by altering soil stoichiometric imbalance and microbial nutrient limitations
文章编号: N26100703
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Xin Fu, Jingyu Li, Xu Li, Hongkai Dang, Xiaonan Yang, Yanqun Wang, Jie Men, Zhengping Peng
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Straw return is widely adopted in North China to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and crop productivity, yet its C sequestration efficiency has declined in recent years. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization regulates straw decomposition and soil C turnover, but the long-term effects and mechanisms of fertilization regimes on straw-derived C sequestration remain unclear. Soils from a 42-year long-term fertilization experiment with five gradient fertilization rates (F1, no fertilizer; F2, 180 kg N ha−1 yr−1+120 kg P2O5 ha−1 yr−1; F3, 360 kg N ha−1 yr−1+240 kg P2O5 ha−1 yr−1; F4, 540 kg N ha−1 yr−1+360 kg P2O5 ha−1 yr−1; F5, 720 kg N ha−1 yr−1+480 kg P2O5 ha−1 yr−1) were incubated with 13C-labeled maize straw for 276 days to investigate straw-derived C turnover. Results showed that long-term combined N and P fertilization significantly increased soil C, N, and P pools while reducing soil and microbial C/N/P ratios. Fertilized treatments exhibited higher cumulative CO2 emissions and greater straw-derived and native soil-derived CO2 effluxes than F1, with the highest emissions observed under F4. Straw-derived C incorporation into SOC was significantly higher in F3-F5 than that in F1 and F2, but showed no significant difference between F4 and F5. Soil respiration and straw C turnover were closely associated with soil nutrient status, stoichiometric characteristics, and microbial resource-use efficiencies, with C and P limitations emerging as important influencing factors. Overall, long-term combined N and P fertilization affected straw-derived C sequestration and native SOC dynamics, whereas higher fertilization rates stimulated native SOC mineralization, suggesting a potential trade-off between straw-derived C stabilization and native SOC preservation. These findings highlight the need to optimize N and P fertilization intensity under straw-return management to improve SOC sequestration and soil sustainability in intensive croplands.

11. 题目: Typhoon perturbation modulates the fate and composition of dissolved organic carbon in Zhanjiang Bay coastal water, China
文章编号: N26100702
期刊: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
作者: Jiayi Xie, Peng Zhang, Xiaoling Chen, Huizi Long, Jia Lei, Jibiao Zhang
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Typhoons are major extreme climatic disturbances that can profoundly influence carbon cycling in coastal waters. However, the drivers of typhoon-induced dissolved carbon processes remain poorly constrained. This study investigated how Super Typhoon Yagi in 2024 modulated the fate and composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Zhanjiang Bay (ZJB), a semi-enclosed coastal bay in China. Based on pre- and post-typhoon surveys, DOC, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and total dissolved carbon (TDC) were quantified using high-precision carbon analysis, excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy, and parallel factor analysis (EEM–PARAFAC). Typhoon-induced hydrological disturbances enhanced terrestrial material inputs through intensified watershed runoff and riverine transport, contributing to the increase of DOC from 1.73 ± 0.33 to 2.20 ± 0.64 mg L−1 (p < 0.05). In contrast, DIC and TDC decreased significantly from 18.55 ± 2.76 and 20.28 ± 2.55 mg L−1 to 13.29 ± 2.99 and 15.49 ± 2.96 mg L−1, respectively (p < 0.001). PARAFAC analysis revealed an 8.2% increase in the relative abundance of protein-like component C3, suggesting enhanced primary production and altered organic matter transformation. Spatially, DOC decreased from the upper to lower bay, whereas DIC showed an opposite distribution. Chlorophyll a and the humification index increased, further indicating intensified biological responses and humification after the typhoon. These findings show that typhoon disturbance can reshape dissolved carbon cycling in semi-enclosed bays through coupled physical inputs and biological responses, providing insight into the effects of climate extremes on coastal carbon dynamics.

12. 题目: Ozonation-induced restructuring of dissolved organic matter facilitates calcium transfer to developing microbubble flocs in oilfield secondary effluent
文章编号: N26100701
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Yao Li, Jiyang Yao, Ming Tian, Xuan Wu, Pengkang Jin
更新时间: 2026-10-07
摘要: Residual dissolved organic matter (DOM) and calcium (Ca) constrain the reuse of oilfield secondary effluent because residual organics promote fouling, Ca promotes scaling, and their association complicates phase separation. This study examined how polyaluminum chloride coagulation coupled with ozone microbubbles (PACl/OMB) converted changes in Ca association into transfer to flocs. At 200 mg·L−1 PACl and 25 mg·L−1 ozone, COD decreased by 34.2%, while aqueous Ca measured by ICP-OES (ICP-Ca) decreased by 54.4 mg·L−1. Comparison with EDTA titration showed that changes in Ca titratability did not necessarily indicate aqueous Ca depletion. Without ozone, PACl hydrolysis disrupted native Ca–DOM coordination through competition for DOM oxygen donor sites, increasing Ca accessibility to EDTA but causing little elemental Ca depletion. Ozonation increased the relative contribution of oxygenated carbon environments, including carboxylate- and hydroxyl-associated environments for Ca reassociation. During PACl/OMB treatment, Al–organic flocs formed rapidly, became enriched in oxygen donor groups, and progressively accumulated Ca. Floc digestion confirmed that the decrease in aqueous ICP-Ca was accompanied by substantial Ca accumulation in the collected flocs. Negligible Ca transfer in the DOM-free inorganic matrix, declining mineral saturation indices, and the absence of diagnostic crystalline Ca phases showed that bulk crystalline precipitation was not the controlling pathway. Together, the results support DOM-mediated Ca transfer through enrichment or exposure of Ca-responsive oxygen donor environments, Ca reassociation, capture by developing flocs, and microbubble flotation.

13. 题目: Phosphorus-iron modified biochar reduces soil salinity and enhances carbon sequestration via calcium-sodium exchange and the reverse stimulation of iron-driven functional microbial taxa
文章编号: N26100614
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Yuanchun Liang, Xingfu Chang, Shi Zhou, Ziye Zhang, Xiaoli Zhu, Shengguo Xue
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: This study hypothesized that phosphorus-iron (P-Fe) modification improves the pore structure and surface chemical properties of biochar, thereby enhancing its adsorption capacity for salt ions and CO2. When incorporated into saline-alkali soil, this modification improves soil fertility and enriches beneficial microbiota, ultimately directly and indirectly reducing soil salinity and alkalinity while enhancing carbon sequestration capacity. Hence, three types of P-Fe-modified biochar (P1-Fe@WBC, P2-Fe@WBC, and P3-Fe@WBC) were prepared using wheat straw biochar modified with three phosphate and iron salts, and the effects of P-Fe-modified biochar on saline-alkali soil remediation and carbon sequestration were systematically investigated. The results suggest that P-Fe modification substantially improved the pore structure of biochar, forming FeO and POC functional groups, which enhanced CO2 sequestration performance by 8.49–25.05%. Through Ca-Na exchange mechanisms and surface immobilization effects, P-Fe-modified biochar reduced soil exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) by 21.97–61.54%. Additionally, it increased soil organic carbon (SOC) by 1.40–2.65-fold and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) by 0.31–1.33-fold. Furthermore, P-Fe-modified biochar enriched beneficial bacterial species such as Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and Mesorhizobium, thereby enhancing salt excretion potential mediated by ABC transport proteins. More importantly, iron incorporation may promot soil carbon transformation through enrichment of Acidiferrimicrobium, suggesting potential for stable carbon sequestration. These findings provide a feasible and effective approach for ecological restoration and carbon sequestration in saline-alkali soils.

14. 题目: Post-immobilization phosphorus fluctuations drive selective microbial hydrolysis of sedimentary organic phosphorus and long-term P release
文章编号: N26100613
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Jinhui Wang, Jian Shen, Zhongqing Huang, Chen Wang, Huaji Liu, Feixuan Cai, Jimeng Feng, Xinze Wang
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: In-situ immobilization has been widely utilized as an efficient and cost-effective phosphorus (P) treatment technology for lake eutrophication. However, post-immobilization P fluctuations in the overlying water may trigger the compensation of endogenous P from sediments over the long term. Microbially mediated hydrolysis of sedimentary organic phosphorus (SOP) is widely recognized as a pivotal process driving this P replenishment. However, the specific SOP hydrolysis pathways and the underlying microbial interactions remain to be systematically elucidated. Herein, this study explored the post-immobilization P release and SOP fraction change over the long term. Sediment fractionation, enzymatic results, FT-ICR-MS, 31P NMR spectroscopy, and Zipi analysis collectively revealed two distinct SOP utilization patterns, explained by molecular composition shift and substrate selectivity to post-immobilization P fluctuations. During major fluctuations, r-strategists emphasized rapid growth of keystone species (Betaproteobacteria and Firmicutes) carrying phoX genes, potentially boosting orthophosphate esters (C-O-P) hydrolysis to increase phosphate flux rapidly (1.49 mg·m−2·d−1) while impeding the complete mineralization of SOP (47.11%). By contrast, the minor P fluctuation showed that K-strategists exhibited more diverse Proteobacteria populations carrying the phnJ gene, which possibly preferred hydrolysis for methylphosphonate (C-P) and achieved higher SOP resource utilization (61.22%). Structural equation modeling also indicated that microbial r-K strategies attained DIP compensation by regulating dissolved IP flux in porewaters through SOP substrate selectivity. This work provides novel insights into microbial-mediated SOP hydrolysis in the sediment after immobilization, highlighting long-term post-remediation lake eutrophication risk and developing progressive multi-stage immobilization application strategies.

15. 题目: Steam-Induced Mesopore Development Enhances PFAS Adsorption in Dissolved Organic Matter-Rich Waters
文章编号: N26100612
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Xin Huang, Mohamed Ateia, Yucui Xu, Xuehui Zhang, Baoyou Shi
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Activated carbons (ACs) with various pore structures were prepared via steam activation, the most commercially viable method, and their adsorption isotherms and kinetics were evaluated for PFOA, PFOS, and GenX in ultrapure water and water containing dissolved organic matter (DOM). Results showed that moderate overactivation developed more mesopores, improving PFAS adsorption in both ultrapure and DOM-rich waters, likely due to the accommodation of PFAS aggregates requiring larger pore volume. Pearson correlation analysis confirmed that mesopore volume significantly correlated with adsorption capacity and kinetics. The overactivated mesoporous AC exhibited superior adsorption of PFAS compared to lightly activated microporous AC, showing nearly doubled adsorption capacities and faster kinetics for PFOA and PFOS, despite similar surface areas and total pore volumes, and its performance was less affected by background DOM molecular weight. Pore size distribution indicated that mesopores were the primary adsorption sites, and density functional theory calculations proved that the adsorption energy for PFAS aggregates in mesopores was much lower than in other pores. Secondary activation of commercial Calgon F400 also enhanced trace PFOA/PFOS removal (∼200 ng/L) in real water. This study clarifies the critical role of mesopores in PFAS adsorption and provides a feasible strategy for designing high-performance AC adsorbents.

16. 题目: Microbial functional potential mediates warming effects on particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon loss during mineralization in a restored ecosystem
文章编号: N26100611
期刊: Catena
作者: Peng Wang, Qinqing Yang, Shenghao Ai, Xueting Han, Di Wang, Xiaoyan Ai, Yanling Ao, Zhitong Xiong, Yingwei Ai
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Warming-induced carbon loss is a major global concern, yet the mechanisms underlying differential responses of particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) pools to warming during mineralization in alpine restored mine slope soils remain unclear. This knowledge gap limits our understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and restoration potential under increasing thermal stress. Here, we combined a 110-day laboratory incubation experiment across three temperature treatments (10 °C, 20 °C, and 30 °C) with metagenomic analyses to investigate how warming intensity influences POC and MAOC dynamics in restored alpine mine slope soils on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. POC was the dominant SOC fraction in restored mine slope soils (POC/SOC = 0.63 ± 0.07), and its depletion accounted for most of the SOC loss during warming incubation. MAOC contribution to SOC increased by 17% and 20% under 10 and 20 °C, respectively, despite unchanged MAOC contents. 30 °C treatment increased microbial respiration and metabolic quotient (qCO2), enhanced β-D-cellobiosidase and polyphenol oxidase activities, and reshaped microbial community composition, with these changes associated with increased MAOC loss. Random forest analysis identified change in easily oxidizable organic carbon (dEOC) and microbial quotient (qMB%) as the strongest predictors of POC and MAOC losses, respectively. Partial least squares path modeling further revealed distinct microbial functional pathways associated with POC and MAOC losses: labile carbon changes and peptidoglycan degradation potential were associated with POC loss, whereas amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and qMB% were associated with MAOC loss. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of microbial functional traits in explaining differential SOC pool responses to warming and provide insights into carbon vulnerability and ecological restoration of alpine mine slope ecosystems.

17. 题目: Climate change and extreme hydroclimatic events primarily regulate sedimentary organic carbon sequestration in an alpine lake on the Tibetan Plateau
文章编号: N26100610
期刊: Catena
作者: Qichun Yue, Shixin Huang, Baosen Wu, Ke Zhang, Shudi Tian, Peizheng He, Ji Shen, Cheng Zhao
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Long-term carbon sequestration dynamics of alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau under dual pressures from ongoing climate warming and frequent climatic extremes remain poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed century-scale organic carbon burial dynamics and identified organic carbon sources using molecular biomarkers (n-alkanes) in Hedin Noel Lake, northern Tibetan Plateau. Results show organic carbon accumulation rates exhibited an overall increasing trend under a warmer and wetter climate over the past century, tracking variations in total organic carbon. It was primarily derived from aquatic macrophytes and terrestrial higher plants in the surrounding catchment. However, an extreme hydroclimatic event, evidenced by multiple sedimentary geochemical proxies, disrupted the prevailing organic carbon burial regime via rapid deposition of allochthonous organic-poor matter. This event, associated with the cascading outburst flood of upstream Zonag Lake in 2011, suppressed lake primary production, thereby undermining the carbon sequestration capacity. This study highlights that hydroclimatic events can critically control lake carbon sequestration, a process governed by the dual mechanisms of allochthonous inputs and the in-lake biological carbon pump. These findings provide important implications for regional carbon budget assessments across the Third Pole under a warming climate with increasing extremes.

18. 题目: Probing the multi-scale mechanisms of fine bubble-enhanced polyferric chloride coagulation for NOM removal
文章编号: N26100609
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Chengtao Yang, Jiawei Huang, Xiaojiang Huang, Ruiqi Zhang, Jiaxu Liu, Bing Li, Na Tian, Jinsuo Lu
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Amidst frequent extreme weather events, the increasing concentration and structural complexity of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters exacerbate the generation potential of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), rendering conventional coagulation inefficient for NOM removal. To address this environmental health hazard, this study introduced fine bubbles (FBs) into the polyferric chloride (PFC) coagulation system, proposing a cleaner and efficient FBs-PFC enhanced coagulation process for NOM removal. The effects of operational factors (PFC dosages, gas flow rate of the fine bubble generator, and pH) on coagulation performance and anti-interference ability were systematically evaluated. Validated in natural surface water, the FB-enhanced system increased UV254, DOC, and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies by 17.4%, 20.0%, and 21.1%, respectively. Mechanistically, multi-scale characterizations revealed that FBs induced a forced hydrolysis process, driving the transformation of low-activity iron monomers (Fea) into highly polymerized species (Feb and Fec), and reconstructed the three-dimensional floc skeleton. Furthermore, FBs enriched surface active hydroxyls, promoting chemical coordination with organic functional groups. This research provided a microscopic mechanistic basis for understanding FB-enhanced iron salt coagulation, offering theoretical guidance and engineering references for the efficient removal of NOM in low-turbidity complex water environment and the development of green water treatment processes.

19. 题目: Coupled salinity-redox gradients shape dissolved organic matter characteristics and its linkages with microbial functional potential in intertidal sediments
文章编号: N26100608
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Ying Guo, Zhaole Song, Huijun Xie, Qiang Kong, Ling Bai, Jian Zhang
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Estuarine intertidal sediments occur in freshwater-seawater mixing zones where hydrological processes simultaneously alter salinity and redox conditions, potentially regulating dissolved organic matter (DOM) transformation and microbial processes. However, how DOM and its interactions with microbial communities respond to salinity and redox gradients in natural intertidal environments remains poorly understood. Here, surface sediments and porewater from the Yellow River Estuary were analyzed by integrating constructed composite salinity and redox indicators, spectroscopy-based two-dimensional correlation analysis, metagenomics, and multivariate statistics. Results showed that overall DOM variation was significantly associated with both gradients, with redox showing stronger links to chromophoric and protein-like components, molecular-weight properties, and redox-sensitive aromatic, phenolic, oxygen-containing structures. In contrast, neither gradient was significantly associated with whole-community taxonomic composition or functional potential, whereas carbon- and nitrogen-related taxa and functions showed environmental associations. Multiple analyses consistently indicated that DOM covaried with selected functional modules, with more reducing conditions linked to DOM accumulation and fermentation-related functions, and higher salinity linked to microbially derived DOM and substrate-utilization functions. Variation partitioning attributed 20.7% of DOM variation and 39.6% of the main joint DOM-microbe pattern to the shared salinity-redox fraction, while redox retained a significant unique association with DOM (20.3%). Exploratory path models further suggested that DOM characteristics may link salinity-redox gradients to selective rather than community-wide microbial functional variation. Together, these findings support considering salinity and redox as a coupled environmental background and highlight DOM chemistry as a potential interface between their variation and selective microbial functional responses in intertidal sediments.

20. 题目: Sphingobacterium-mediated EPS shielding exacerbates norovirus environmental persistence and risk in swine farms
文章编号: N26100607
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Jiaji Ye, Taolve Chi, Meijin Xu, Zhendi Yu, Chifei Dong, Lingtao Sun, Lanping Wei, Haiyun Zhou, Zhongyi Qi, Baolan Hu, Dongqing Cheng
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Norovirus (NoV) is a major cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis worldwide, and contaminated food and water are important routes of NoV transmission. However, the environmental fate of NoV and the factors contributing to its persistence remain poorly understood. This study investigated NoV occurrence in small-scale swine farm compost and intensive swine wastewater treatment systems (WWTSs), and explored the potential bacterial factors associated with viral persistence. NoV was detected in swine compost, with Sphingobacterium co-occurring in NoV-positive samples but not in NoV-negative samples. In an intensive swine WWTS, NoV remained detectable throughout all treatment units, with 107.3 copies L−1 in the influent and 102.4 copies L−1 still present in the final effluent. Scenario-based QMRA indicated that splash ingestion represented the dominant exposure pathway, with an estimated annual potential infection risk of 2.5%. Sphingobacterium abundance was positively associated with NoV loads across treatment units. Under heat, ultraviolet, and chlorine stress, Sphingobacterium-associated NoV showed up to 6.6-, 5.6-, and 2.5-fold higher RNA retention, respectively, and stronger infectivity than bacteria-free controls. Adhesion assays, transmission electron microscopy observation, and molecular docking suggested that Sphingobacterium extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) may interact with the NoV capsid P domain via hydrogen bonding, supporting a putative EPS-associated protective pathway. These findings suggest that Sphingobacterium-mediated EPS shielding may contribute to NoV persistence and disinfection tolerance in swine-farm waste systems, highlighting the need to integrate microbial control and routine NoV monitoring into viral-risk management strategies.