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201. 题目: Phosphoric acid-engineered biochar for efficient uranium separation: From actual uranium wastewater treatment to molecular-scale insights
文章编号: N26071017
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Zicong Tan, Yonglin Liang, Wanpeng Chen, Zhijie Xu, Yurong Gao, Yuzhe Jiang, Hanyu Wu, Mingliang Kang, Jin Wang, Cem Gok, Juan Liu
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Uranium wastewater with complex composition from mining and processing activities challenges practical treatment. This study develops a phosphoric acid-modified biochar (P-BC) for efficient U(VI) removal from real mining wastewater. The results show that adsorption capacity of P-BC is about 500% and 3000% higher than that of pristine biochar and commercial activated carbon in batch adsorption experiment, while P-BC also shows exceptional regenerability in fixed-bed continuous adsorption experiment. This improved performance arises from elevated porosity and chemically anchored surface phosphate moieties. Both XPS and DFT study identify these phosphate moieties as the dominant binding sites for UO22+. The adsorption mechanism is governed by strong Lewis acid–base interaction, forming stable inner-sphere P-O-U adducts. By bridging experimental results with molecular insights, this work confirms practical viability of P-BC and provides critical design guidance for advanced sorbents targeting radionuclide remediation in complex, actual wastewater.

202. 题目: Endogenous dissolved organic matter reactivity in cadmium removal by different bio-based composites
文章编号: N26071016
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Xiaojia Zhou, Haonan Lv, Tao Sun, Shihang Wu, Huijuan Yu, Yuebing Sun
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Cadmium (Cd2+) contamination is a critical global environmental and public health concern, necessitating urgent development of sustainable and robust composites while addressing the research gap on the environmental fate of endogenous dissolved organic matter (EDOM) and Cd2+ during adsorption. Herein, novel bio-based composites were synthesized using sulfhydryl grafted palygorskite and varied molecular weights biomass humic acid (BSGP). Physicochemical properties, adsorption performance/mechanisms of different BSGP were comprehensively investigated, and the dynamic interactions and transformation pathways involving BSGP-EDOM and Cd2+ during adsorption were elucidated. Results indicated that BSGP<30kDa/BSGP>100kDa achieved adsorption capacities of 48.2/42.1 mg/g driven by abundant carboxyl/hydroxyl/thiol groups. Fixed-column experiments verified the outstanding dynamic adsorption performance of BSGP and potential influence of BSGP-EDOM. Fluorescence quenching revealed the sensitivity of humic-like components to Cd2+ and pivotal roles of aromatic carboxyl and amide groups. Monitoring dynamic evolution of BSGP-EDOM during adsorption highlighted specific Cd2+ binding characteristics and transition from unsaturated oxidized to unsaturated reduced compounds. Moreover, mass-difference network and DFT analysis identified Cd2+-induced decarboxylation and deamination reactions within BSGP-EDOM. Notably, DFT highlighted the dual electron donor-acceptor nature of BSGP>100kDa-EDOM and product instability. This study provides novel insights into high-performance bio-based adsorbents and emphasizes pioneeringly environmental fate of EDOM during Cd2+ adsorption process.

203. 题目: Unveiling 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid as a highly potent precursor of toxic I-DBPs during chloramination of natural organic matter
文章编号: N26071015
期刊: Water Research
作者: Zhixuan Tan, Yingxianxian Liu, Xiangru Zhang, Haifei Zhang, Wanxin Li
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Iodinated disinfection byproducts (I‑DBPs) are orders of magnitude more toxic than their chlorinated and brominated analogues, yet the specific natural organic matter (NOM) precursors that drive their formation during chloramination remain largely unresolved. In this study, an integrated non-targeted approach utilizing ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry and molecular network topology was developed to prioritize key intermediates in I-DBP formation during chloramination. Analysis revealed that iodination is highly selective: while NOM is chemically diverse, the C8–C12 molecular range emerged as a primary reactive hotspot, exhibiting a significantly elevated iodine substitution hit rate (43.7%). From this prioritized pool, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (4-HPPA) was identified as a previously unrecognized, highly reactive precursor. Reaction tracking revealed a robust linear correlation (R2 = 0.91) between transient 4‑HPPA dynamics and the emergence of halohydroxybenzonitriles, with iodinated species as the most abundant products. Crucially, precursor-spiking experiments in a complex NOM matrix demonstrated a robust dose-response enhancement, verifying the high competitive conversion efficiency of 4-HPPA against background scavengers. Furthermore, 4-HPPA exhibited significantly higher iodinated hydroxy-benzonitrile formation potential than structural analogues like L-tyrosine. Mechanistic analysis elucidated the comprehensive transformation pathways from NOM-derived 4-HPPA to both aromatic and aliphatic I-DBPs, highlighting its role as a key reactive intermediate in I-DBP formation. These findings bridge the critical gap between bulk NOM transformation and the emergence of specific, high‑risk DBPs, providing a targeted molecular foundation for precursor control in practical water treatment.

204. 题目: Nitrogen-Enriched Biochar via Hydrothermal Ammonia Functionalization: Surface Engineering of Bambusa Vulgaris for Optimized Capture of Reactive Black 5
文章编号: N26071014
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Ehigbochie Joy Ofure, Guijian Liu, Ruijia Liu, Yuan Liu, Balal Yousaf
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: The release of synthetic dyes into water systems has created an urgent environmental problem because these pollutants contain toxic substances which remain in the environment and industrial facilities discharge them. The dye reactive black 5 (RB5) appears in industrial wastewater because of its widespread usage and its presence in industrial wastewater contains dangerous substances which threaten both aquatic life and human safety. The study examined how Bambusa vulgaris (BV) biochar treated with different ammonia concentrations effectively removed RB5 from water. Bamboo biochar (BB) was produced through pyrolysis and treated it with 20- and 30-mL ammonia solutions to create B20 and B30. Seven different methods of analysis including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA), Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen analysis (CHN), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) were used to identify the characteristics of the biochar. Characterization revealed that ammonia treatment significantly enhanced the physicochemical properties; B20 exhibited a specific surface area of 73.134 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.060 cm3/g, compared to 47.887 m2/g and 0.042 cm3/g for the raw BB. Batch adsorption experiments established the optimum conditions for RB5 removal at an initial concentration of 30 mg/L, initial pH of 3.0, an adsorbent dosage of 0.04 g, and a contact time of 120 min to reach equilibrium. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order (PFO) kinetic model with R2 values of 0.99792, 0.99446, and 0.9942 for BB, B20, and B30, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model was found to produce very high R2 values: BB (0.99983), B20 (0.9999), and B30 (0.99989), which proved the applicability of the model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) was significantly improved after functionalization, reaching 40.91 mg/g for B30 and 39. 58 mg/g for B20, representing a substantial increase over the raw biochar. B20 showed excellent efficiency in the first cycle, recording a removal efficiency of 92.5%, an improvement of 17% compared to the raw biochar. It was complemented by excellent reusability, which was maintained up to eight cycles at 67.8%. Furthermore, the research used elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, XPS and BET methods to study after-adsorption characteristics which proved RB5 had been adsorbed. This study demonstrates the vast potential that exists for ammonia-functionalized Bambusa vulgaris biochar, especially B20, as a highly potent, recyclable, and green adsorbent for the successful treatment of anionic dye-contaminated textile wastewater.

205. 题目: Greater mineral-associated organic carbon formation by soybean straw compared to maize straw without enhanced microbial necromass accumulation efficiency
文章编号: N26071013
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Kai Dong, Qing Zhang, Chuang Zhao, Xiao-Li Zhu, Xin-Hou Zhang, Ji-Dong Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Background and aims Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) plays a significant role in the sequestration and stabilization of soil organic carbon (C) in croplands. Although straw return is widely practiced, how straw quality influences the conversion of straw-derived C into MAOC remains controversial. Methods We conducted a 180-day laboratory incubation experiment using maize (bract, leaf, sheath, stalk and root) and soybean (leaf, stalk, pod and root) straws at 15 °C and 25 °C. Straw C loss, MAOC accumulation, microbial biomass C, and microbial necromass C (amino sugars) production were examined. Results Soybean straw systematically decomposed more rapidly (with a 32.5% mean increase) and contributed more to MAOC accumulation (with a 28.9% mean increase) compared to maize straw, irrespective of temperature. The accumulation of MAOC was positively correlated with microbial biomass and necromass. Although fungal necromass remained dominant across all straw tissues, soybean straw generally exhibited a lower fungal‑to‑bacterial necromass C ratio than maize straw. Moreover, most soybean tissues exhibited higher total microbial necromass C than maize tissues, despite having lower microbial necromass accumulation efficiency. Additionally, elevated temperature accelerated straw decomposition, but did not significantly affect microbial necromass C and MAOC accumulation. Conclusions This study reveals that soybean straw is generally more conducive to MAOC formation than maize straw, and elucidates the mechanisms by which straw quality regulates microbial transformation. These findings enhance our understanding of how straw incorporation affects farmland C pools and provide a scientific basis for agroecosystem management.

206. 题目: Is it possible to harmonize SOC measurements? Results of the 1st Eurasian GLOSOLAN PT (2023/2024)
文章编号: N26071012
期刊: Catena
作者: E V Vanchikova, E V Shamrikova, B M Kondratenok, E M Lapteva, S N Kostrova, E V Kyzyurova, N N Bondarenko, E A Tumanova, E I Lyu-Lyan-Min, T V Zonova
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: The role of soil extends far beyond agriculture and food security. Stakeholders (researchers, land managers, policymakers, and agribusiness representatives) need reliable, standardized information on soil organic carbon (SOC). Effective SOC management depends on integrating planetary SOC data obtained by different methods. Conduct of the 1st Eurasian proficiency test (PT) GLOSOLAN 2023/2024 demonstrated fea-sibility of obtaining harmonized SOC measurement results using any of the three methods: Walkley-Black, Tyurin, and dry combustion (Wsingle bondB, T, and DC). A mandatory condition is strict adherence to analytical procedures and the application of conversion correction factors to account for incomplete oxidation of SOC by potassium dichromate. For the first two methods, the correction factors were 1.3 and 1.15, respectively. Preliminary validation of the Wsingle bondB method, performed first in the Eurasian region, facilitated the adoption of common routine analysis from the participating soil laboratories. These findings provide a strong basis for recommending the colorimetric modifications of the Wsingle bondB and T methods as standards for SOC measurement when assessing soil carbon concentration for carbon credits. Diversity of protocols for the loss on ignition (LOI) method and ambiguity of the conversion factor for soil organic matter to SOC (0.58) call into question comparability of results obtained by this method with other SOC assessment approaches. PT confirmed the importance of identifying factors affecting quality of SOC measurements using dichromate-based methods according to the protocols employed in the Eurasian region. The introduction of modern approaches to SOC assessment using DC will also contribute to enhancing the competence of regional laboratories, particularly within the framework of cli-mate monitoring. Discrepancies identified during the tests necessitate corrective actions to eliminate their root causes and prevent recurrence. These measures contribute to improving the accuracy of results and can also be used to refine protocols and achieve comparability of results through the harmonization of research methods.

207. 题目: Pressure-induced occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in extracellular and intracellular polymeric substances.
文章编号: N26071011
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Junke Zhang, Peidong Su, Lin Li
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) form a multilayered matrix that governs the retention, transformation, and propagation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in activated sludge. This study systematically examined the stratified distribution of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) across slime EPS (SEPS), loosely bound EPS (LB), tightly bound EPS (TB), and intracellular polymeric substances (IPS) in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and membrane bioreactors (MBR). Tetracycline accumulated predominantly in SEPS and LB, where elevated selective pressure promoted tet gene enrichment. ARG profiles shifted over time from efflux-pump genes [tet A, tet C, tet G] to ribosomal-protection [tet M] and enzymatic-deactivation [tet X] mechanisms. Protein secondary structure analysis revealed more compact EPS in MBR, which enhanced DNA retention and reduced ARG release into effluent. Correlation analysis showed that tetracycline concentration, rather than biomass abundance, was the dominant driver of ARG proliferation, highlighting the likely role of eDNA and horizontal gene transfer. These findings underscore the mechanistic role of EPS microenvironments in ARG dissemination and provide actionable strategies for mitigating antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment systems.

208. 题目: Biofilm Mediated Arsenic Migration and Transformation in Groundwater under the Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter
文章编号: N26071010
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Huihui Li, Chengcheng Li, Xuesong Luo, Xubo Gao, Shengfeng Liu, Siyu Li, Xue Wang, Mengyun Zhu, Jiale Li, Lucia Cavalca
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Biofilms, ubiquitous in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, strongly regulate arsenic (As) cycle. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can stimulate the development and activity of microbial communities, thus enhancing arsenic biogeochemical processes. However, how DOM regulates groundwater biofilms to drive arsenic migration and transformation remains unclear. Incubation experiments were integrated with biofilm characterizations, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, qPCR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to explore the behaviors and potential mechanisms of arsenic under the mediation of biofilms and fulvic acid (FA), a representative molecule of DOM in groundwater. FA induced a 7.5‑fold increase in EPS secretion, characterized by a marked enrichment of α‑configuration polysaccharides, which provided additional binding sites and steric hindrance, thereby enhancing arsenic adsorption by 21.98%. Biofilms enhanced As(III) oxidation potentially via aoxA/B, regardless of FA presence. Subsequent As(V) reduction was mainly driven by FA‑enriched N and S cycling bacteria in biofilms. The reductive products of these bacteria, especially NH₄⁺, enhanced arrA, thereby promoting arsenate reduction. FA-Ca-As ternary complexes likely further contributed to arsenic sequestration. Additionally, the electron shuttle function of FA potentially accelerated As(V)/As(III) inter-conversion. To the best of our knowledge, this study initially revealed the importance of DOM and biofilms on groundwater arsenic fate, and provided new insights into environmental arsenic cycles.

209. 题目: Molecular Mechanisms of Dissolved Organic Matter in Controlling Cr(III) Colloidal Deposition and Reversibility
文章编号: N26071009
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Wendan Luo, Yijun Mo, Shishu Zhu, Chao Jin
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Transport of Cr(III) colloids in the subsurface poses environmental risks because they can be reoxidized to carcinogenic Cr(VI). Although dissolved organic matter (DOM) is known to determine the fate of colloidal Cr(III) via organic–mineral interactions, the molecular mechanisms controlling its mobility and deposition remain unclear. This study investigated changes in the deposition kinetics and characteristics of Cr(III) colloids in response to DOM composition and concentration. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation showed a nonmonotonic deposition pattern of Cr(III)-DOM colloids across DOM concentrations and types. Specifically, the deposition efficiency decreased to a minimum at a critical DOM concentration, above which it increased significantly with the irreversible fraction. This phenomenon was driven by dynamic interactions between silica and the multilayer corona of Cr(III) colloids, arising from the self-assembly of aliphatic compounds with condensed polyaromatics or polyphenols. The mechanism was supported by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, scanning transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. A mechanistic dimensionless model based on normalized deposition mass and sorbed aliphatic abundance successfully predicted the deposition of crystalline Cr(III) colloids under soil, sediment, and aquatic DOM. These findings highlight the importance of the DOM molecular composition in assessing heavy metal colloidal transport and Cr contamination risks.

210. 题目: Functionalized biochar loaded with plant growth-promoting Enterobacter sp. TK: A bifunctional material for cadmium immobilization and maize-assisted phytoremediation
文章编号: N26071008
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Xingke Yang, Wenxuan Li, Yuankai Yang, Yixuan Lü, Yang Zhao, Ke Chen, Lixue Zheng, Huijun Guan, Yixin Feng, Ping Wang, Tianlong Hao, Chunfeng Guan
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil poses a serious threat to crop growth and agroecosystem stability. As a green technology, phytoremediation is often used for heavy metal-contaminated soil, while the efficiency is constrained by low plant biomass and poor viability of functional rhizobacteria. To address this, a plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR), Enterobacter sp. TK, was innovatively loaded into oxalic acid-modified biochar prepared from coffee grounds in this study. SEM and FTIR analysis revealed that oxalic acid modification endowed biochar with a porous structure and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, possibly facilitating Cd2+ immobilization. The successful attachment of strain TK to biochar was further confirmed by SEM characterization. The potential role of the TK-biochar composite in phytoremediation was then investigated, and results indicated that compared to the control group, the application of the composite reduced soil bioavailable Cd by an additional 11.75%. Specifically, the composite increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera in maize rhizosphere soil, which might strengthen enzyme activities and nutrient cycling, thereby improving soil microenvironment and promoting maize root length (45.82%) and shoot height (19.90%). The enhanced photosynthesis in maize further confirmed that the Cd toxicity to maize was alleviated. Collectively, oxalic acid-modified biochar could directly adsorb and immobilize Cd2+ in soil using its porous structure and functional groups, while could also interact with PGPR to improve maize growth and increase Cd accumulation in maize, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of phytoremediation for Cd. The findings provided more effective strategies for applying the PGPR-biochar composite in the field of environmental remediation.

211. 题目: Bio-etching regulated biomass coupled with nitrogen-enriched pyrolysis: A novel strategy for constructing high-nitrogen biochar and hydroxyacetonitrile-enriched bio-oil
文章编号: N26071007
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Kunjie Chen, Bin Yan, Lin Zhu, Fan Yang, Qing Dong
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Conventional nitrogen-enriched pyrolysis is often limited by the dense structure of biomass, which restricts nitrogen penetration and leads to insufficient nitrogen doping in biochar as well as low relative content for valuable nitrogen-containing chemicals in bio-oil. Herein, we propose a novel strategy integrating bio-etching pretreatment with nitrogen-enriched pyrolysis to simultaneously enhance nitrogen incorporation in solid products and enrich specific nitrogenous compounds in liquid products. Pine sawdust was first regulated by Polyporus brumalis—a fungal pretreatment that acts as a bio-etching—to disrupt the lignocellulosic compactness and create a porous architecture. The pretreated biomass was then impregnated with melamine and pyrolyzed at 500 °C. Results show that bio-etching effectively facilitates nitrogen diffusion and alters pyrolysis pathways. After 5 weeks of pretreatment, the resulting biochar exhibited the highest nitrogen content (13.41 wt%), with nitrogen predominantly existing as pyrrolic, pyridinic, and graphitic nitrogen. In contrast, 3 weeks of bio-etching led to bio-oil with the highest content of nitrogen-containing compounds (87.18%), in which hydroxyacetonitrile relative content exceeded 60%. Possible transformation pathways of nitrogen species in biochar and formation routes of hydroxyacetonitrile during pyrolysis are discussed. This work demonstrates a green and efficient route for co-producing nitrogen-enriched porous carbon and nitrogen-containing chemicals, aligning with the sustainable and low-carbon conversion of biomass resources. It should be noted that no direct quantitative analysis of gaseous products was performed in this study. The relative gas contents reported herein are apparent values derived via the difference method, and serve only for comparison of the relative product distribution under different pretreatment conditions.

212. 题目: Synergistic remediation of saline-alkali soil using a designed microbial consortium H6 with biochar and humic acid
文章编号: N26071006
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Ting Wei, Maomao Jiang, Rongyi Hu, Yi Zhao, Peiqi Wang, Chaowei Tian, Li Hua, Xueyan Hou, Fengqiu An, Junkang Guo
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Purpose Saline-alkaline stress poses a serious threat to crop yield and food security worldwide, and feasible remediation strategies are urgently needed. Methods In this study, bacteria Bacillus zanthoxyli P15, Priestia aryabhattai P18 and Priestia megaterium X7 with both salt-alkali-tolerant and plant-growth-promoting properties were used to construct bacterial consortium H6 (P15:P18:X7 = 2:1:2). The consortium was then loaded on humic acid (HA), biochar (BC), and their combined composite (HABC) via sodium alginate encapsulation. The immobilization significantly enhanced the survival of bacteria in saline-alkali soil. Results The obtained H6, HA, BC, HABC, HA-H6, BC-H6, HABC-H6 significantly improved the physicochemical properties and fertility of the saline-alkali soil, accompanied by the increased urease, sucrase and phosphatase activities, and the improved bacterial community. Furthermore, these treatments markedly increased the photosynthetic pigment content, osmoregulatory substances (soluble sugar, and soluble protein) content and root vitality, while decreasing MDA content and electrolyte leakage. Compared with CK, shoot dry weight of alfalfa increased by 27.66%, 51.09%, 72.07%, 82.29%, 92.10%, 107.30%, and 139.78% under H6, HA, BC, HABC, HA-H6, BC-H6, and HABC-H6 treatment, respectively, with corresponding increases in root dry weight of 21.46%, 27.12%, 37.27%, 44.76%, 66.22%, 89.68%, and 105.16%. Notably, all treatments reduced Na⁺ content and increased K⁺ content in alfalfa, leading to a lower Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. This effect was most pronounced in the HABC- H6 treatment, which decreased shoot and root Na⁺ content by 17.60% and 13.67%, respectively. Conclusion Collectively, these findings demonstrate the practical potential of humic acid/biochar-immobilized bacterial consortium for the eco-friendly remediation of saline-alkali soils.

213. 题目: Mineral Stabilization Slows Losses of Peatland Carbon Following Long‐Term Drainage for Agriculture
文章编号: N26071005
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Katy J Faulkner, Katerina Georgiou, David A Coomes, Philippa Ascough, Anna Basford, Rodney G O Burton, Romy Copley, Emma Keerberg, Alanie Lapina, Kimber Moreland, Christopher Evans, Ross Morrison, Adam F A Pellegrini
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Cultivated peatlands are a major CO 2 emission source, but the processes that regulate the decomposition of drained peat are debated, especially as drained peat becomes increasingly shallow. Many cultivated peatlands are underlain by a mineral soil layer. Surface subsidence, oxidation and tillage reduce the peat thickness, which intermixes peat with minerals as peat is lost. A key question is whether this mixing can reduce emissions by making soil organic carbon (SOC) more stable by transforming particulate organic carbon (POC)—which dominates the carbon stock in deep drained peatlands and is readily accessible to microbial decomposers—into mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC), which is less accessible to decomposers. To explore this question, we surveyed ten sites across the East Anglian Fens in England, a once extensive (~3900 km 2 ) peatland landscape that has been drained for cultivation since the mid‐seventeenth century. We used variation in cultivation to establish a peat loss gradient to evaluate how topsoil SOC (0–40 cm) and its forms change as peat is lost. As the peat was lost, the soils became rich in minerals (rising from 46% to 88% silt+clay content), resulting in an initial 11‐fold rise in newly‐formed MAOC, but a monotonic decline and near‐total loss of POC. POC turnover times were 3158 ± 62 years, indicative of peat, and POC was always older than MAOC; consequently, microbially‐processed peat along with gradual contributions of recently fixed carbon were sources of MAOC. A four‐month laboratory incubation showed that the MAOC:POC ratio was negatively correlated with respiration. We conclude that long‐term carbon retention via MAOC formation has the potential to reduce carbon loss from degraded, mineral‐mixed peatlands. However, because this MAOC pool is itself vulnerable to loss under continued agricultural drainage, this mechanism is expected to slow rather than halt long‐term soil carbon loss from drained peatlands.

214. 题目: Impact of Salinity on Straw Conversion Into Different Soil Organic Carbon Fractions: Evidences From a 13 C ‐Labeling Incubation Experiment
文章编号: N26071004
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Wenjun Xie, Cailing Shi, Jing Zhang, Haibo Zhang, Yanhong Dong, Lei Xu, Yinglu Tao, Yue Wu, Gaoqi Li, Lichang Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Although straw is widely used to ameliorate saline soils, the impact of salinity on straw conversion into soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions remains unclear. Our aim was to explore how soil salinity affected straw conversion into SOC. A 180‐day soil incubation with 13 C‐labeling maize straw was conducted to investigate straw conversion into free particulate organic carbon (fPOC), occluded particulate organic carbon (oPOC), and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC) under different salinity levels. Four soil salinity levels were arranged: 3 (LS), 5 (MS), 10 (HS), and 15 g kg −1 (SS), and 5.0% of 13 C‐labeling straw was added to each treatment. Straw conversion into fPOC was significantly positively associated with salinity level, while straw‐derived oPOC and MAOC significantly decreased with increasing salinity ( p < 0.05). This clearly indicated that high salinity could favor fPOC accumulation, but lower the capability of soil carbon sequestration. Meanwhile, C/N ratio of SOC significantly decreased with salinity rising ( p < 0.05), reflecting that the composition of SOC pool was obviously affected by salinity. Furthermore, soil dehydrogenase, cellulase, and β ‐glucosidase activities decreased significantly with salinity rising ( p < 0.05), suggesting that salinity inhibited microbially derived SOC formation during straw decomposition. Overall, our findings first discover the specific influence of soil salinity on straw conversion into SOC, which can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the capability of soil carbon sequestration under different saline conditions.

215. 题目: Dominant Microbial, Aggregate, and Mineral Pathways of SOC Quantity and Lability: Insights From SOC Functional Groups
文章编号: N26071003
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Mengrou Li, Xianfeng Zhang, Xiuli Xin, Wenliang Yang, Anning Zhu
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Organic amendments are widely used to restore soil carbon (C) in Mollisols of croplands, yet how microbial‐, aggregate‐, and mineral‐associated processes are related to soil C quantity and lability remains unclear. Here, we conducted a 3‐year field experiment in Mollisols of Northeast China to evaluate manure, biochar, and their co‐application effects on soil organic carbon (SOC), easily oxidizable organic C (EOC), SOC functional group composition, microbial network properties, aggregate‐associated C, and mineral‐associated C. Across the 3 years, biochar increased SOC, manure enhanced EOC, and co‐application increased both. These divergent C responses were accompanied by changes in SOC functional groups, with manure enriching carbohydrate‐derived labile fractions and biochar increasing SOC hydrophobicity. Random forest analysis identified hydrophobicity, Aryl C, and Carboxyl C as key predictors of SOC, whereas O‐alkyl and Di‐O‐alkyl C best explained EOC variation. Microbial co‐occurrence network properties were statistically associated with SOC hydrophobicity and Di‐O‐alkyl C, while macroaggregate‐associated C and mineral‐associated C fractions were positively linked to SOC hydrophobicity. Partial least squares path modeling further suggested that SOC accumulation was associated with increases in Aryl C and Carboxyl C, with stronger positive contributions from macroaggregate formation than microbial network properties. In contrast, microbial co‐occurrence network complexity showed a negative correlation with O‐alkyl and Di‐O‐alkyl C, indicating a potential linkage between network structure and labile C dynamics. Overall, our findings show that manure‐biochar co‐application achieved concurrent increases in SOC and EOC, accompanied by greater aggregate‐ and mineral‐associated C fractions and lower microbial co‐occurrence network size. This integrated evidence highlights manure‐biochar co‐application as a practical strategy for improving both soil C storage and labile C availability in Mollisols.

216. 题目: Organic matter controls rare earth element hyper-enrichment in Pacific deep-sea bioapatite
文章编号: N26071002
期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
作者: Xijiao Liao, Dengfeng Li, Simon W Poulton, John R Reinfelder, David Chew, Yu Fu, Yongjia Liang, Zhengkun Li, Jinzhou Peng, Xiaoming Sun
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Bioapatite is a predominant sink for rare earth elements (REE) in global deep-sea sediments, where the REE accumulate either via organic matter remineralization or Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxide dissolution. While the sequestration of REE into bioapatite has been extensively documented, the mechanistic pathways governing REE transfer from these carrier phases to bioapatite during diagenesis remain poorly constrained. This limits understanding of REE hyper-enrichment in deep-sea sediments, and impacts the reliability of REE signatures in bioapatite as palaeoceanographic tracers. In this study, we elucidate the mechanisms of REE hyper-enrichment from marine porewaters into bioapatite in the presence of Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides and organic matter, using a combination of adsorption experiments integrated with micro-X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-XAFS), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses. Results demonstrate that bioapatite can rapidly adsorb REE from a simulated porewater environment (equilibrium time <1 h) via the formation of stable inner-sphere complexes. XANES and EXAFS evidence further reveals that these complexes are strongly coordinated by PO43− groups, as exemplified by Y3+ with well-defined coordination shells: Y–O (2.37 Å), Y-P1 (3.50 Å), and Y-P2 (3.71 Å), which maintains long-term REE retention in bioapatite. Furthermore, we show that organic matter regulates REE cycling through coupled direct and indirect pathways: (1) enhancing short-term REE adsorption onto bioapatite through complexation with CO and O–H bonds, accounting for 79–94% of initial REE uptake; and (2) indirectly promoting long-term REE sequestration by driving the reductive dissolution of Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides, which enhances the REE supply to porewaters for subsequent adsorption by bioapatite. We therefore propose that organic matter plays a central role in controlling REE hyper-enrichment by coupling REE sources (organic matter and Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides) with long-term retention in bioapatite during early diagenesis. This explains the spatial variability in REE enrichment observed across Pacific sediments, and establishes a refined framework for evaluating the early diagenetic alteration of REE signatures.

217. 题目: Enhancing CO2 adsorption in beach-cast seaweed-derived biochar by fast pyrolysis temperature tuning and simple water-washing
文章编号: N26071001
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yu Zhang, Kelly Hawboldt, Stephanie MacQuarrie
更新时间: 2026-07-10
摘要: Beach-cast brown seaweed is rapidly accumulating along coastlines worldwide, overwhelming ecosystems, disrupting marine life, and creating serious challenges for coastal communities and tourism. Despite the scale of this growing problem, it remains an underused biomass that could be converted into valuable carbon materials, offering a way to address an increasingly urgent environmental issue. This study investigated pyrolysis with simple water washing to enhance the physicochemical properties and CO2 adsorption performance of seaweed-derived biochar. A central composite design was applied to evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperature (258–600 °C) and solids residence time (1–29 min) on product distribution and biochar characteristics. Pyrolysis temperature was identified as the dominant factor impacting biochar yield, carbonization, and pore development. Subsequent water washing removed inorganic mineral deposits and improved access to previously blocked micropores, leading to enhanced CO2 capture performance. As a result, washed biochars produced at 500–600 °C achieved CO2 adsorption capacities of 2.18–2.42 mmol/g at 273 K and 100 kPa without chemical activation. The results demonstrate that temperature-controlled pyrolysis combined with water washing provides a simple and eco-friendly strategy for converting problematic beach-cast seaweeds into effective carbon capture materials while supporting coastal biomass valorization.

218. 题目: Biochar and Green Compost Used in Cascade: The Link Between Circular Horticulture and Soil Improvement
文章编号: N26070906
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Bart Vandecasteele, Jarinda Viaene, Rianne Visser, Amine Lataf, Ann Cuypers, Dries Vandamme
更新时间: 2026-07-09
摘要: Carbon‐rich biomass such as compost or biochar can be used for a variety of soil applications including C sequestration or targeted improvement of soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon (C) and pH. The use of exogenous organic matter rich in C is expected to increase, increasing the risk of biomass shortages. Use of materials in cascade is one strategy to avoid competition for C‐rich biomass. Green composts and wood‐based biochars are examples of renewable materials, most often applied directly to soils, that can also be used as bulk replacement for peat in horticultural substrates. After use in cultivation, these horticultural substrates can again be used as a soil improver, either directly or after further processing into compost or biochar. Three cases were studied: (1) the sequential use of biochar in a horticultural cascade, (2) comparison of green composts vs. spent horticultural substrates as organic soil improver, and (3) comparison of wood‐based biochars with biochars made from either spent horticultural substrates or various sources of biomass as organic soil improver. For Case 1, the use of biochar in cascade, starting with growing media containing 10% v/v wood‐based biochar, showed an added value for exogenous organic matter used as soil improvers: the addition of wood‐based biochar in the growing medium resulted in a higher C content in the spent horticultural substrates. The high C/P ratio was maintained in the spent growing media, even after composting or conversion into biochar. In Case 2, spent growing media containing green compost had a higher added value as soil improver and source of stable C than the pure green compost: these materials had a higher C content and higher biological stability and thus a lower oxygen uptake rate and/or C mineralization rate than pure green compost. Their microbial biomass remained high, at levels comparable to green compost. For Case 3, biochars produced from spent growing media clearly differed from biochars made from wood, bark, or straw‐like fibers in terms of nutrients, organic and inorganic C content, and short‐term biological stability. In particular, the biochars made from spent growing media had a higher acid‐buffering capacity due to their higher inorganic C content. Biochars from spent growing media may have a lower biological stability when produced at 400°C–450°C in comparison to biochars produced at higher temperatures, as well as biochars produced from wood. A high risk of N immobilization was observed in the biochars produced from spent growing media, similar to the wood‐based biochars and the biochars produced from bark or straw‐like fiber. In conclusion, this study indicated that (a) using biochar in a horticultural cascade resulted in exogenous organic matter for use as soil improver with a higher C content and biological stability, (b) using green compost in a horticultural cascade resulted in exogenous organic matter with a higher C content and higher C stability than for pure green compost and (c) converting spent growing media with green compost into biochar results in biochars with higher acid‐buffering capacity but lower organic C content and biological stability than for biochars produced from wood. This study provided specific insights into the added value of organic soil improvers from the horticultural cascade.

219. 题目: Food Waste Derived Biochar via Pyrolysis: Properties, Contaminant Sequestration Mechanisms, and Environmental Applications.
文章编号: N26070905
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Muhammad Waqas, Abdul-Sattar Nizami, Osman Atilla Arikan, Dilek Beyazli, Ali Temiz, Javed Nawab, Muhammad Naqvi, Mohammad Rehan
更新时间: 2026-07-09
摘要: The novel technique of biochar production from food waste (FW) through pyrolysis is a proactive step towards materialising the circular economy. This review provide a detail insights on the successful utilisation of FW for biochar production and its subsequent environmental applications, along with efficiencies and mechanisms in the removal of various pollutants from wastewater. The chemical transformation during FW pyrolysis assists the resultant biochar with unique physiochemical characteristics, including structure formation, porosity, alkalinity, functional groups, polarity, cation exchange capacity and carbon structure that contribute to the efficient removal of pollutants. Based on the organic-rich nature, detailed discussions have been made on how FW could be an ideal feedstock for pyrolysis as compared to other bio-waste. Moreover, the impacts of pyrolysis temperatures on the characteristics, variations in the removal efficiencies and interactions of biochar with pollutants have been discussed. The suitability of FW biochar for environmental applications is its stability for subsequent usage without losing activity and production of secondary pollutants or by-products, as compared to other technologies. However, despite the promising benefits, FW to biochar technology is still in infancy and prone to several challenges, including scalability due to intrinsic heterogeneity, high moisture that sometimes requires an additional step of drying and grinding and variations in the physicochemical characteristics that impact the economic feasibility, scalability and end-use marketability. Hence, detailed studies on techno-economic analysis in integration with advances in FW to biochar production, applications as adsorbent, stability, and reusability after treatment to fully explore the comparison with other available similar materials.

220. 题目: Responses of Soil Carbon Release to Freeze–Thaw Cycles Mediated by Carbon Availability at Regional and Global Scales
文章编号: N26070904
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Siyu Wang, Shuqi Qin, Yan Yang, Leiyi Chen, Luyao Kang, Yuanhe Yang
更新时间: 2026-07-09
摘要: Soil freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) are widespread across mid‐ to high‐latitude and high‐altitude regions, with particularly high frequency in permafrost areas where they can enhance soil carbon release and potentially accelerate climate warming. However, the response of soil carbon release to FTCs and its determinants at the regional scale remain unclear due to the lack of direct experimental evidence. Here, based on topsoil samples along a 1000‐km transect across the Tibetan permafrost region, we conducted a freeze–thaw microcosm experiment (5 cycles of 1‐day freezing and 3‐day thawing) to investigate patterns and predictors of FTC‐induced soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) release. The results revealed that FTCs significantly increased soil CO 2 release by 20% ± 2% relative to the thaw‐only control across all cycles. This response was primarily driven by soil carbon availability rather than microbial properties. Soils with higher carbon availability, as indicated by initially (prior to FTCs) larger soil organic carbon content and less mineral‐protected carbon, as well as greater post‐thaw increases in dissolved organic carbon, released more CO 2 under FTCs. Such an effect of carbon availability was further confirmed at the global scale. Although FTCs altered the microbial community composition, notably leading to an increase in the proportion of r ‐strategists, microbial properties played a minor role in influencing the CO 2 release. These results demonstrate the crucial role of soil carbon availability in affecting responses of CO 2 release to FTCs, highlighting the need for models to explicitly characterize pulsed CO 2 release associated with substrate availability to better predict permafrost carbon‐climate feedback.