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21. 题目: CO2-Assisted Pyrolysis of Mn-Loaded Biomass for Syngas Generation and Periodate-Activating Biochar Production.
文章编号: N26071307
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Joohyung Lee, Youn-Jun Lee, Hocheol Song, Eilhann E Kwon
更新时间: 2026-07-13
摘要: Mn-biochar composite, which incorporates redox-active Mn sites into a carbon scaffold, is an active catalyst for periodate (PI) activation. Nevertheless, its scalable production remains challenging because conventional pyrolysis offers limited energy recovery. Here, Mn-impregnated switchgrass (SG) was pyrolyzed under CO2-assisted conditions to redirect biomass carbon conversion from condensable oxygenates to syngas. The temporal evolution of gaseous products indicated that Mn impregnation into SG promoted syngas generation during CO2-assisted pyrolysis. Correspondingly, analysis of biocrude composition indicated that Mn and CO2 facilitated the secondary conversion of condensable oxygenates. Mn-biochar composite produced under CO2-assisted pyrolysis (MnSGB (CO2)) displayed pronounced redox features, indicating the presence of active Mn species. MnSGB (CO2) showed lower charge-transfer resistance than Mn-free biochars. Consequently, MnSGB (CO2) exhibited superior catalytic performance for PI activation, achieving >99% bisphenol A removal. Mechanistic investigations also suggested that enhanced catalytic activity was driven by Mn-mediated interfacial electron transfer and the resulting 1O2 generation.

22. 题目: Soil quality degradation induces synergistic evolution of carbon components: Microbial extracellular polymeric substances - driven mechanism.
文章编号: N26071306
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Renjie Hou, Sisi Liu, Anshuang Su, Miao Wang, Hai Wang, Sen Lin, Xin Zhao, Xu Leng, Jian Zhang, Lan Luo, Chunjiao Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-13
摘要: The complex climatic background of cold regions induces and aggravates soil erosion, which accelerates soil quality degradation and weakens the stability of farmland soil carbon pools. As a biological cementing agent sustaining soil aggregate structure, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) serve as a core mediator regulating soil structural stability and carbon pool loss. However, the cascade response mechanism by which EPS drives the transformation of labile organic carbon under environmental stress remains unclear. To effectively reveal the regulatory rule of EPS on the evolution of soil carbon fractions, four typical farmland soils in cold regions (Chernozem, Albic soil, Meadow soil, Dark brown soil) were selected for simulated erosion experiments under rainfall, freeze-thaw and snowmelt conditions. This study systematically analyzed the coupling effects of erosion stress on soil aggregate structure, microbial community function and variations in labile organic carbon fractions, and identified the key driving factors responsible for soil carbon loss. The results indicated that EPS plays a core mediating role in the coupling process of soil structural stability and carbon cycling. Erosion disrupts soil aggregate structure and thereby increases soil porosity. Relative to the control, the porosity of dark brown soil rose by 14.56%, 15.75% and 15.91% under rainfall, freeze-thaw and snowmelt erosion, respectively. Meanwhile, soil erosion markedly reduced key EPS component contents. The degraded soil-water environment decreased microbial community diversity and suppressed the expression of EPS synthesis-related genes. Correspondingly, EPS-polysaccharide content declined by 42.63%, 23.67% and 41.71% under the three erosion treatments above. In addition, the impairment of EPS barrier function results in the reduction of labile organic carbon content in soil. The stability of the four soil types follows the order: Dark brown soil > Chernozem > Meadow soil > Albic soil. In conclusion, EPS is not only a cementing substance for maintaining soil structure, but also a biological barrier against carbon loss. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the remediation of degraded soil and the establishment of stable soil carbon pools.

23. 题目: Soil organic carbon assessment in perennial agriculture - a base study of Kernza in Alnarp, Sweden.
文章编号: N26071305
期刊: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
作者: Jonas Ardö, Maja Holm, Karl Ljung
更新时间: 2026-07-13
摘要: Increased soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration reduces atmospheric CO2 and builds soil health. A conversion from annual crops to perennial crops may decrease negative environmental impacts and promote desired ecosystem services. Soil carbon credit systems and environmental monitoring require reliable verification of SOC change. Here we report a baseline survey of SOC for an agricultural study site in southern Sweden comprised of a perennial grain (Kernza), and a traditional rotation of annual crops as reference. We performed a systematic baseline soil sampling and calculated the minimal detectable difference to determine sample requirements for significant verification of SOC sequestration over time. The potential benefits of stratified sampling, based on a satellite-based vegetation index, flow accumulation and soil type, were investigated. Results indicate that 48% of the SOC was located in the upper 30 cm and > 70% in the upper 60 cm. SOC below 1 m soil depth was low. The minimal detectable difference, based on 10 soil samples, was 3.4 mg C g soil-1, equivalent to 1530 g C m-2 in the upper 30 cm. Stratified sampling showed no difference among strata for vegetation index and flow accumulation. We conclude that the baseline survey of SOC will benefit forthcoming studies of carbon cycling within the study site. The pay back from applying stratified sampling seems low, as this is a rather homogenous study area. The minimal detectable difference approach requires an unreasonable number of soil samples to allow significant and valid verification of differences in SOC sequestration over time.

24. 题目: Paddy drainage channels regulate dissolved organic matter transport and transformation across contrasting agricultural landscapes.
文章编号: N26071304
期刊: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
作者: Lei Ding, Liyin Qu, Ting Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-13
摘要: Agricultural carbon export is an important driver of aquatic carbon cycling. As the key linkage between croplands and river systems, the regulation of drainage channels on dissolved organic matter (DOM) turnover remains unclear. Here, we investigated water quality, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), bioavailable DOC (BDOC) and DOM optical properties in inlet and outlet waters of paddy drainage channels along an urban-mountain gradient in southeastern China, using UV-Vis and fluorescent spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC. Urban paddy showed significantly higher DOC, BDOC and optical component values than mountain paddy due to stronger anthropogenic sewage inputs and nutrient stimulated algal production. In contrast, mountain paddy showed lower DOM abundance but a higher photochemically degraded humic-like component and aromaticity due to weaker tillage intensity and higher elevation. DOC decreased along 76% of the drainage channels, whereas DOM aromaticity increased due to the microbial degradation of bio-labile DOM, leading to increased export of recalcitrant DOM. However, a net increase in DOC was observed in the remaining drainage channels, suggesting that enhanced in-channel production under high nutrient loading exceeded the removal effect. Our findings provide new insight into the influence of tillage intensity and landscape change on agricultural carbon cycling and water management.

25. 题目: Human-associated modulation of urban DOM heterogeneity: transformation toward aquatic carbon sink-like and carbon source-like molecular pools.
文章编号: N26071303
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Shuang Wu, Manjie Li, Xiaozhou Yang, Jing Sun, Ding He
更新时间: 2026-07-13
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a vital role in the safety and stability of drinking water, yet the molecular characteristics of DOM across urban aquatic systems remain insufficiently elucidated. In this study, advanced spectroscopic techniques and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were employed to characterize DOM in municipal tap water (TW) and corresponding source water (SW) from Shenzhen, China. Comparative analyses revealed significant reductions in humic-like fluorescence, molecular weight, aromaticity, unsaturation, and N/S-containing molecules from SW to TW, primarily attributable to water treatment and distribution processes. Notably, while DOM in SW samples exhibited high molecular similarity across regions, TW samples displayed marked regional heterogeneity within the city. Specifically, TW from the eastern region contained higher concentrations of aliphatic compounds, peptides, and P-containing molecules, while TW in the middle and western regions possessed a greater abundance of highly unsaturated compounds. These findings enabled the further identification of two distinct human-associated transformation pathways: the eastern region favored the formation of carbon source-like compounds (e.g., lipids and peptides), whereas the western and middle regions promoted the accumulation of carbon sink-like substances (e.g., highly unsaturated and carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules). This divergence indicates region-specific carbon cycling dynamics within the urban water system, highlighting a potential trade-off between risks of secondary pollution and toxic compound enrichment. Molecular-level insights generated by this study are essential for understanding DOM fate and carbon cycling within urban water systems, ultimately informing strategies to ensure the reliable and safe provision of drinking water.

26. 题目: Impact of chlorine on nutrient and antibiotic adsorption from human urine by modified biochar.
文章编号: N26071302
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Sayeda Ummeh Masrura, Erica Marti, La Zhuo, Zhe Yang, Eakalak Khan
更新时间: 2026-07-13
摘要: Human urine is a promising resource for nutrient recovery; however, chlorine from toilet cleaning agents may interfere with adsorption-based recovery processes. In this study, the impact of chlorine during the adsorption of nutrients (N and P) and antibiotics in source-separated urine by biochar was investigated. Sewage sludge biochar pyrolyzed at 550°C and 700°C (SS700) modified with dimethyl sulfoxide and citric acid combined with sucrose (CAS) were selected for adsorption based on preliminary experiments. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models provide comparatively better empirical fits to the experimental data, suggesting that monolayer chemisorption is the dominant adsorption behavior. There was a significant difference between the adsorption capacities of ammonia-N and antibiotics with and without chlorine specifically for SS700 modified with CAS biochar, which adsorbed 714 μg/g and 170 μg/g of trimethoprim (320% increase), 2500 μg/g and 833 μg/g of ciprofloxacin (200% increase), 53.14 mg/g and 49.43 mg/g of ammonia-N (7% increase), with and without chlorine, respectively. The formation of surface oxides on biochar through chlorination and chloramination (from chlorine reacting with ammonia--N) potentially affected the adsorption process. Chlorine had minimal impact on phosphorus recovery due to surface blocking by chlorinated byproducts. This study reveals the influence of chlorine, on the adsorption capacities of biochar for nutrients and antibiotics, particularly altering the concentration of nutrients in urine solutions and thereby impacting the nutrient recovery process.

27. 题目: Saline Permafrost and Cryopegs as Potentially Important Sources of CO 2 —Assessing Organic Carbon Mineralization Potentials on the Alaskan Coastal Plain
文章编号: N26071301
期刊: Global Change Biology
作者: Fabian Seemann, Mackenzie R Baysinger, Susanne Liebner, Claire Treat, Michael Zech, Maren Jenrich, Guido Grosse, Benjamin M Jones, Jens Strauss
更新时间: 2026-07-13
摘要: Thermokarst lake and drained lake basin (DLB) dynamics are intensifying across the Alaskan Arctic Coastal Plain. Thawing, drainage, and erosion expose surface and deep sediments (> 1 m) to aerobic conditions, with saline deposits being particularly vulnerable due to freeze‐point depression. As organic carbon mineralization remains poorly constrained, we determined potentials with an aerobic one‐year long incubation at 10°C in permafrost upland, lake talik, lake cryopeg, and refrozen saline DLB sediments. We linked CO 2 production to biochemical, hydrochemical, and microbial factors, and assessed carbon alteration via repeated n ‐alkane analyses. After 382 days, average CO 2 production was 7.0 ± 0.4 mg C g −1 dry weight (DW), with DLB surface peat yielding the most (40.5 ± 2.7 mg C g −1 DW), and carbon‐poor cryopeg deposits (1.4 ± 0.1 mg C g −1 DW) and refrozen saline permafrost (1.5 ± 0.02 mg C g −1 DW) the least. Total organic carbon (TOC) was the main driver of CO 2 production, while age, nitrogen content, electrical conductivity, water content, pH, and microbial abundance also correlated significantly with CO 2 production. Normalizing production to TOC contents, saline permafrost and cryopeg sediments showed similar CO 2 production to active layers, stressing the importance of potentially carbon‐rich saline deposits. TOC normalization revealed that carbon characteristics (δ 13 C, alkane content, ACL) also significantly influenced CO 2 production. The n ‐alkane based quantification of carbon alterations during the incubation further contributes to the understanding of carbon cycling at the molecular level. n ‐Alkane contents increased on average by 153% and the carbon preference index (CPI) rose from 13.2 to 15.8, likely due to newly produced alkanes, preferential degradation, and desorption processes. This indicates strong responses of the carbon pool and raises questions about the reliability of the CPI as a degradation proxy. Altogether, our study highlights the overlooked role of salinity in CO 2 production from Arctic coastal plains which could substantially shift carbon balances.

28. 题目: Unravelling the importance of organic phosphorus forms in rice root iron plaque
文章编号: N26071203
期刊: Journal of Environmental Quality
作者: Sara Martinengo, Frank Linam, Matt Limmer, Maria Martin, Luisella Celi, Angelia L Seyfferth
更新时间: 2026-07-12
摘要: Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) plants accumulate phosphorus (P) on iron (Fe) plaque deposited on root surfaces. We aimed to investigate P speciation in rice root Fe plaque using x‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy coupled to conventional techniques. We examined Fe plaque samples from rice experiments in different soils. Samples deposited on filters yielded sufficiently thin, concentrated samples with high‐quality spectra despite low P concentrations. The low P concentrations in Fe plaque prevented us from using L‐edge P XANES for organic P differentiation, but allowed K‐edge P XANES. Fits of K‐edge P XANES data showed that organic P comprised from 40% to 70% of root plaque P, while inorganic P represented only a minor fraction. These findings demonstrate the importance of organic P in the rice rhizosphere and may lead to targeted P fertilization with minimal environmental impact.

29. 题目: Root Order Dependent Changes in Fine‐Root Substrate and Soil Environment Regulate Soil Organic Nitrogen Fractions Under Acid Rain and Nitrogen Deposition
文章编号: N26071202
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Xiongfei Zhang, Xingyu Zhang, Jinchi Zhang, Jialei Ren, Chong Li, Hui Nie, Jingyi Zeng, Xuanran Yu, Jie Lin, Tingyu Sun, Xin Liu
更新时间: 2026-07-12
摘要: Acid rain and nitrogen deposition are important environmental stressors affecting soil nitrogen cycling in subtropical forests, whereas fine‐root decomposition represents a major pathway for soil organic nitrogen (SON) input and transformation. However, how substrate changes in different root orders interact with soil environmental shifts to regulate SON fractions remains unclear. Here, we conducted three complementary decomposition experiments in a subtropical Chinese fir ( Cunninghamia lanceolata ) plantation to disentangle the effects of fine‐root substrate changes, soil environmental changes, and their combined in situ effects on SON fractions and depolymerase activities. The results showed that acid rain and nitrogen addition altered the initial chemical composition of fine roots before decomposition: total carbon in higher‐order roots decreased by 11.2%–14.4%, whereas lignin and cellulose contents increased mainly in lower‐order roots. Under a common soil environment, fine‐root substrate origin and root order jointly differentiated SON fractions and stimulated most depolymerase activities. Higher‐order roots tended to retain more acid‐hydrolyzable organic N under CK‐ and N‐derived substrates, whereas lower‐order roots showed stronger SON accumulation and enzyme responses under acid‐rain‐related substrates. By contrast, under a common fine‐root source, nitrogen addition promoted the accumulation of some acid‐hydrolyzable organic nitrogen fractions, while acid rain increased acid‐hydrolyzable amino acid nitrogen and modified enzyme responses. Under in situ conditions, fine‐root substrate changes and soil environmental shifts showed a synergistic effect, increasing some acid‐hydrolyzable organic nitrogen fractions by 16%–32% relative to the control. Model analyses further identified soil pH, total nitrogen, and protease activity as key predictors of SON transformation. These findings indicate that SON fraction changes under acid rain and nitrogen deposition are jointly regulated by fine‐root substrate quality and soil environmental conditions. Distinguishing the functional differentiation between lower‐order absorptive roots and higher‐order transport roots provides a more accurate understanding of root‐soil interactions and soil nitrogen cycling in Chinese fir plantations.

30. 题目: n ‐Alkane Gradients Reshape Soil Microbial Networks and Functions at Petroleum Refinery Sites
文章编号: N26071201
期刊: Environmental Microbiology
作者: Youru Zhang, Shixuan Cui, Yu Zhang, Jizhuang Chu, Kaiyue Liu, Xinjie Shan, Na Wang, Shudi Yao, Qiang Kong, Cheng Dong, Huanxin Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-12
摘要: Petroleum refining activities exert substantial contamination pressure on soil ecosystems, yet the corresponding microbial response mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. This study integrates source apportionment, high‐throughput sequencing and co‐occurrence network analysis to elucidate microbial adaptations along a petroleum exposure gradient. Source analysis confirmed that all soils were predominantly influenced by petroleum‐derived inputs, with hydrocarbon concentrations increasing significantly across gradients. Under contamination levels of 422.35–621.21 mg/kg, petroleum pollution not only reduced soil total organic carbon (TOC) but also induced coupled C–N interactions and altered soil physicochemical properties, resulting in complex environmental effects. The soil quality index (SQI) exhibited a nonlinear trend, first decreasing and then increasing, with moderate overall levels (0.40–0.45). Functional diversity analyses indicated functional convergence rather than loss under contamination stress. At the metabolic level, low exposure primarily stimulated naphthalene degradation and detoxification pathways, whereas high exposure shifted microbial functions towards oxidative stress resistance and membrane structural remodelling. Meanwhile, microbial networks transitioned from densely connected but disturbance‐sensitive structures at low exposure to simplified yet more stable and robust configurations at high exposure. These findings provide mechanistic insights into microbial adaptation in petroleum‐contaminated soils and offer theoretical support for bioremediation strategies.

31. 题目: Adsorption behavior and co-pollutant interactions between representative polycyclic aromatic compounds and heavy metals mediated by soil organic matter and Fe oxides in soil aggregates
文章编号: N26071117
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Ye He, Jiawen Zhong, Xiaoli Wei, Jinjin Wang, Huijuan Xu, Yulong Zhang, Wenyan Li
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Purpose Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and heavy metals (HMs) frequently coexist in the soil of industrial areas, posing significant ecological risks. This study investigated the distribution and influencing factors of PACs and HMs in soil aggregates under co-contamination, as well as their interactive adsorption behavior and mechanisms with soil, with a focus on lead (Pb), phenanthrene (Phe), and 1-acenaphthenone (1-ACE). Methods Soil samples were collected from an industrial area and fractionated into four aggregate sizes. soil properties and the contents of PACs and HMs in different aggregates were determined. Single and co-adsorption behaviors of Pb, Phe, and 1-ACE were examined through batch adsorption experiments, with isotherms modeled using Freundlich, Langmuir, and Linear models. Adsorption mechanisms were further explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Results Most PACs and HMs mainly accumulated in the < 0.002 mm aggregates, with HMs influenced by multiple soil properties and PACs primarily influenced by soil organic matter (SOM). The Freundlich parameters (KF and 1/n) indicated that Pb exhibited heterogeneous multilayer adsorption, while Phe and 1-ACE exhibited homogeneous adsorption. The presence of Phe inhibited Pb adsorption by 7.94–19.28%, whereas 1-ACE enhanced it by 3.28–12.65%. Conversely, Pb coexistence increased the adsorption of Phe (17.29–27.26%) and 1-ACE (40.10–60.03%). XPS revealed that Phe competed with Pb for C=O groups, weakening Pb’s complexation and ion exchange, while 1-ACE promoted Pb adsorption by increasing C=O proportions. Pb enhanced Phe adsorption via increased surface hydrophobicity and π-π interactions, while it promoted 1-ACE adsorption through strengthened complexation and iron oxides interactions. Conclusions The results demonstrated that the interaction between co-contaminants and soil can alter the adsorption behaviors of pollutants, thereby deepening our understanding of their environmental fates. These findings provide crucial insights for assessing environmental risks and developing remediation strategies for co-contaminated soils.

32. 题目: Shifts in organic carbon fractions, chemical functional groups, and mineralization enhance soil carbon storage after restoring earthen aquaculture ponds to wetlands
文章编号: N26071116
期刊: Catena
作者: Ping Yang, Kaiyuan Liu, Junwei Wang, Hong Yang, Dengzhou Gao, Guanpeng Chen, Wenjing Liu, Chuan Tong, Dongyao Sun, Yanxun Xu, Kam W Tang
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Coastal wetlands, as key “blue carbon” ecosystems, have suffered extensive global loss and degradation driven primarily by land-use change for agriculture and aquaculture, and initiatives to restore earthen aquaculture ponds to wetlands has helped recover lost wetlands and restore their ecosystem functions. This study examined the effects of this restoration effort on soil organic carbon (SOC) chemical composition, mineralization, stability and storage in a coastal wetland in southeast China. Our results showed that, relative to the earthen aquaculture ponds, restored wetlands had more total carbon by 35.8%, SOC by 46.4% and easily oxidized carbon by 106.2%, but less microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon by 26.1% and 32.7%, respectively. Following restoration, total carbon and organic carbon stocks in the top 30 cm of soil increased by 6.9 Mg C ha−1 (+14.5%) and 9.3 Mg C ha−1 (+24.7%), respectively. In restored wetlands, enzyme activities of β-1,4-glucosidase and cellulobiohydrolase decreased significantly; SOC mineralization rate decreased by 22.1%–40.0% across all seasons, and bioavailable carbon estimated from first-order kinetic model sediments was 44.3% less than earthen aquaculture ponds. Spectral analyses showed that restoration led to an increased proportion of stable carbon groups, for example, O-alkyl C and aromatic C, along with a significantly higher O-alkyl C/aromatic-C ratio. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that restoration affected SOC dynamics primarily by elevating ionic stress and reducing microbial substrate availability. Overall, this study demonstrated that converting earthen aquaculture ponds into coastal wetlands with native vegetation can effectively increase blue carbon sequestration, enhance the long-term stability of stored carbon, and strengthen the associated climate mitigation benefits.

33. 题目: Organic carbon allocation and stability in mangrove surficial sediment
文章编号: N26071115
期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
作者: Kai Yu, Kai Xiao, Xiaoyi Hu, Xi Wang, Shuai Gao, Haodong Ji
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Mangroves are coastal vegetated ecosystems with a remarkable carbon sequestration capacity that is vital for mitigating global climate change. The sediment organic carbon (SOC) in mangroves originates from both autochthonous plants and allochthonous inputs. However, the primary factor governing the allocation and stability of SOC in mangroves remains under debate. Here, characterization of carbon content and multiple stable isotopes in a marine mangrove revealed that SOC was enriched in surface layers in the tidally driven groundwater recharge zone, and its content decreased progressively with depth. The composition of SOC sources remained consistent within the upper 30 cm but varied considerably across tidal zones. Contributions of three potential sources were quantified using bulk carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis combined with a Bayesian isotope mixing model. The results showed that the contribution of mangrove species diminished from 71.7% ± 9.3% in the recharge zone to 4.0% ± 5.5% at the tidal flat, whereas that of marine microalgae increased from 25.8% ± 11.0% to 89.8% ± 14.3%. Spartina alterniflora was identified as a minor contributor. Compound‐specific carbon isotope analysis of individual amino acids (AAs) showed that mangrove‐derived essential AAs (EAAs) dominate the sedimentary EAA pool. Water extraction experiments, together with the characterization of seawater and porewater, showed that SOC in the recharge zone likely released soluble fractions that underwent mineralization in porewater and exchanged dissolved inorganic carbon with surface waters driven by tidal pumping. Overall, our findings suggest that tidally induced zonation is the overarching factor governing both the allocation and stability of SOC in mangrove ecosystems.

34. 题目: Migration and transformation of organic carbon and nutrients in rice straw during hydrothermal cracking
文章编号: N26071114
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Xiaoxiao Yang, Jue Wang, Kaile Li, Rui Xia, Kewen An, Qinghai Li, Hui Zhou, Yanguo Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: The sustainable utilization of straw supports the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. The effects of varying reaction temperatures and duration on the hydrothermal cracking process of rice straw were evaluated, focusing on the transfer of organic carbon and nutrients from rice straw. The results indicated that the hydrothermal cracking of rice straw was a thermochemical transformation primarily driven by dehydration reactions, with temperature serving as the key factor affecting the properties of the resulting products. Over 50 % of the organic carbon was retained in the solid-phase. A moderate reaction temperature of 180 °C promoted the preservation of easily oxidized organic carbon within the solid phase, accounting for approximately 98 %, with the retention of numerous hydroxyl groups. Elevated temperature accelerated the dehydration of rice straw and enhanced the aromaticity and hydrophobicity of the solid products. Three-dimensional fluorescence analysis indicated that higher temperatures facilitated the formation of humus-like substances in the liquid phase. Over 50 % of nitrogen and 70 % of potassium were transferred into the liquid phase, while move over 80 % of phosphorus was still retained in the solid phase. Liquid-phase nitrogen was predominantly nitrous nitrogen (∼60 %). It was important to note that when the temperature exceeded 200 °C, phosphorus was released in significant quantities into the liquid phase over time. This research offers valuable insights into production practices involving various raw materials, emphasizing the importance of precisely controlling reaction temperatures to effectively tailor solid and liquid fertilizers to meet specific production objectives.

35. 题目: Semi-permeable membrane coverage accelerates composting through modulated bacterial succession and organic matter transformation
文章编号: N26071113
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Fu-Sheng Sun, Chao Wang, Nader Mohamed, Lin Shi, Bo-Hao Yin, Yue-Bin Sun, Guang-Hui Yu
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Semi-permeable membrane-covered aerobic composting (SMS) has emerged as a high-efficiency technology for organic waste recycling, yet the microspatial dynamics of organic matter (OM) transformation and associated microbial drivers remain poorly characterized. This study evaluated the performance of a functional membrane-covered treatment (CM) against a non-covered control (CK) over a full composting cycle. Results demonstrated that CM significantly accelerated fermentation efficiency, achieving a final germination index (GI) of 90.1%, whereas CK reached only 81.3%. Synchrotron-based FTIR spectromicroscopy provided in situ microspatial evidence of humification heterogeneity, revealing preferential enrichment of organic functional groups within the core regions of compost particles during the thermophilic and maturation phases. Critically, CM treatment yielded a significantly higher humification index (HI = 0.82) compared to CK (HI = 0.55). High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that CM fundamentally restructured the bacterial community, specifically enriching the genera Dietzia, Nocardiopsis, and Thermobifida. These taxa were strongly correlated with changes in organic matter composition, suggesting their pivotal role in enhancing degradation and humification. Our findings establish a microspatial and taxonomic framework for understanding OM evolution in SMS, providing a mechanistic basis for optimizing microbially regulated strategies in industrial-scale organic solid waste management.

36. 题目: Dissolved organic matter composition influences catalytic oxidation behavior and product evolution in real water matrices
文章编号: N26071112
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Yujie Zhang, Rongfang Yuan, Caiyun Zhang, Hassan Waseem, Huilun Chen, Beihai Zhou
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) strongly influences catalytic oxidation processes through complex matrix effects. Despite the widely recognized matrix effects of DOM, the relationships between DOM composition, product evolution, and transformation preference during catalytic oxidation remain poorly understood. In this study, nine water matrices with distinct DOM compositional characteristics were investigated to distinguish the effects of DOM composition from organic loading under TOC-normalized conditions during photocatalytic periodate activation. Results showed that DOM induced both promotive and inhibitory effects after eliminating concentration differences, highlighting the dominant influence of composition over abundance. Reactive species analysis indicated that DOM enhanced the contributions of hydroxyl radicals and high-valent iron species without altering the primary reactive oxygen species types. Product evolution analysis further showed that promotive samples with lower AreaTP3/AreaTP1 ratios were associated with enhanced deep oxidation, whereas inhibitory samples with higher ratios exhibited greater accumulation of local oxidation products. FT-ICR-MS analysis revealed a compositional shift of DOM toward compounds assigned to more aromatic and oxygen-enriched regions after reaction. Overall, the results demonstrate strong associations among DOM composition, catalyst surface behavior, and product evolution during catalytic oxidation in real water matrices, providing new insights into matrix effects in practical water treatment systems.

37. 题目: Iron-Modified Reed Straw Biochar for Efficient Simultaneous Removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI): Role of Adsorption and Reduction
文章编号: N26071111
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Yanhao Zhang, Jiyao Zhu, Xizhao Pan, Yanwei Zhong, Lei Zhang, Xu Zhang, Zhibin Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Aquatic chromium (Cr) contamination presents a persistent and severe threat to both ecological integrity and public health. This study systematically investigates the enhanced adsorption performance and mechanisms of iron-modified reed straw biochar (FeBC) for the simultaneous removal of trivalent (Cr(III)) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from aqueous solutions. Compared to the pristine biochar (BC), FeBC exhibited significantly higher removal efficiencies, achieving 78.78% for Cr(III) and 91.45% for Cr(VI) under optimal conditions (pH 4–6). Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, indicating monolayer chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. Material characterization revealed that Fe modification substantially increased specific surface area (from 51.93 to 134.76 m2/g), pore volume, and introduced Fe₃O₄ crystals, which enhanced adsorption sites and redox activity. Collectively, these findings highlight FeBC as a highly promising and sustainable candidate for the efficient remediation of chromium-impacted water.

38. 题目: Co-application of biochar and silicon fertilizer enhances rice nutrient allocation, soil fertility, and mitigates ARG dissemination in paddy soil
文章编号: N26071110
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Mei Wang, Shuai Li, Hongwei Xu, Qiying Huang, Zhenyu Wang, Xudong Wang, Jiawei Ma
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: The restoration of soils contaminated by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is essential for agricultural safety and human health. Although biochar and silicon (Si) fertilizer have been commonly applied individually as amendments for soil remediation and rice quality improvement, their combined effects remain unclear. Here, we systematically assessed the effects of the integrated application of biochar and Si fertilizer on rice nutrient uptake, soil properties, bacterial community structure and functions, and ARG abundance by conducting a 120-day pot experiment with four treatments: control (CK), 0.15 t ha-1 of Si fertilizer (SF), 3 t ha-1 of biochar (BC), and their combination (SC). The results showed that the combined treatment enhanced rice panicle length and promoted the translocation of Si and potassium to leaves, while altering the distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in rice. In soil, co-application did not markedly alter pH, SOM, or most available nutrient levels, but significantly increased TN and TP contents. Moreover, the SC treatment resulted in the lowest abundances of detected ARGs and MGEs among all treatments. It also reshaped the bacterial community composition and functional profiles, including reduced abundance or functional contribution of key r-strategist genera associated with ARGs and nitrogen/phosphorus metabolism, such as Dinghuibacter and Roseomonas. Overall, the co-application of biochar and Si fertilizer improved rice nutrient supply, enhanced soil nutrient status, and mitigated the dissemination of ARGs. These findings provide a scientific basis for sustainable paddy field production and ARG risk management in paddy ecosystems.

39. 题目: Time-series decomposition and stream metabolism reveal benthic control on particulate organic carbon transport from mixed-use Appalachian watersheds
文章编号: N26071109
期刊: Journal of Hydrology
作者: William I Ford, James Fox, Mindy Armstead, Andrea Erhardt
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Algal carbon can be a significant energy source in stream ecosystems; however, knowledge is lacking regarding algal contributions to particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes from mixed-use stream ecosystems and their potential implications for downstream waterways. We report a new four-year transported carbon elemental and isotopic dataset from a predominantly forested stream ecosystem in northwestern West Virginia, USA, carry out time series decomposition of the data, and compare our results to algae monitoring and ecosystem modelling to better understand the influence of algal carbon on these systems. Results show that variational mode decomposition (VMD) was more effective than empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for detecting in-stream process impacts on POC transport in the forested stream. Results from ecosystem modelling and significant modes from VMD point to benthic algal growth followed by heterotrophic stabilization resulting in residual algal C transport from the watershed during storm events as POC. The importance of the time lag and then carbon flux introduced by the algal stabilization process extends this paradigm to be inclusive of both open-canopied systems studied previously and predominantly closed-canopy systems, such as the one studied here. Contrary to results from open-canopy systems, the mixed-use Appalachian stream shows dual-peaks of algal carbon conveyance, starting in late winter-spring and again in late-summer to mid fall. Results provide evidence that mixed-use watersheds in Appalachia provide periodic contributions of labile POC enriched in algal C to the Ohio River, USA and thus merit further study regarding potential impacts on eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in the regulated rivers.

40. 题目: Argan and pine stands comparably improve soil organic matter levels and microbiome structure and function under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions
文章编号: N26071108
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: María Patiño-García, José A Siles, José M De la Rosa, José A González-Pérez, Manuel Rubio, Pedro Martínez-Gómez, Felipe Bastida
更新时间: 2026-07-11
摘要: Background and aims Reforestation is widely promoted to mitigate soil degradation and desertification in semi-arid Mediterranean regions under future climate-change scenarios. The argan tree ( Argania spinosa ), a drought-resistant species, has been proposed as a potential alternative to pine ( Pinus halepensis). Methods We assessed soil physicochemical properties, organic matter (SOM) characteristics (content, molecular composition and thermogravimetric fractions), priming effects, microbial activity, and metagenomics-based characterization of microbial communities under argan and pine stands, compared to adjacent bare soil. Results Both argan- and pine-influenced soils showed significantly higher SOM content (12.13% and 11.74%, respectively) than bare soil (4.51%), with comparable increases in organic carbon and nutrient availability. SOM characterization revealed that vegetation cover promoted higher SOM chemical diversity and a greater proportion of labile and intermediate SOM fractions, but differences between both types of trees were subtle. Both covers induced higher priming effects than bare soil, without compromising SOM accumulation. Argan and pine induced similar taxonomic shifts in the microbial community, with Solirubrobacter predominating under both tree species, whereas Rubrobacter dominated in bare soil. Functional profiles were largely conserved between argan- and pine-influenced soil compared to bare soil, with differences limited to slight enrichments in glycan and amino acid metabolism pathways. Genes for inorganic phosphorus solubilization predominated in bare soil, whereas organic phosphorus mineralization pathways were more prevalent in vegetated soil. Conclusion Overall, argan-influenced soil exhibited physicochemical and microbial properties comparable to those under pine, supporting argan as a potential alternative for reforestation and land restoration in Mediterranean ecosystems under increasing aridity.