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81. 题目: Insights into the effects of Fe3O4-modified biochar on anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and corn stover: Roles of electron transfer regulation and microbial community shaping
文章编号: N26070708
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yinping Hou, Ziyi Yang, Fangyuan Wang, Wangtao Dong, Yu Chen, Hongrui Ma, Chengtao Li, Peng Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: Anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW) is frequently hindered by volatile fatty acid (VFA) accumulation, inefficient electron transfer, and poor stability, severely limiting methane recovery. This study targeted these bottlenecks by optimizing the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio via co-digestion (co-AD) with corn stover (CS), and further strengthened syntrophic metabolism using Fe3O4-modified biochar (Fe3O4-BC). At the optimal FW/CS ratio of 6:4 (C/N = 25.94), the synergistic index reached 1.17 ± 0.02, with a maximum methane yield of 411.58 ± 7.26 mL/g VS. Among the composites prepared at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃, Fe3O4-BC500 exhibited the most significant promoting effect on co-AD. The cumulative methane production increased by 32.65% while the lag time (λ) was shortened by 49.76%. This was attributed to its abundant quinone redox-active groups, which efficiently facilitated interspecies electron transfer, accelerated VFA metabolism, and thereby improved the system stability. It Electrochemical assays confirmed its higher electron exchange capacity (1.23 mF/g) and electron transport system activity (1.01 ×10−2 μg/(mg·h)). Fe3O4-BC500 effectively stimulated microbial activity and enhanced the functional capacity of methanogens. Dehydrogenase (DHA) activity and Coenzyme F420 levels increased by 24.79% and 48.10%, respectively. It facilitated the enrichment of electroactive bacteria (Syntrophobacter, Syntrophomonas) and acetoclastic methanogen Methanosaeta, thus promoting direct interspecies electron transfer and steering methanogenesis toward a more efficient pathway. This work provides a mechanistic and practical strategy for designing redox-active biochar to boost electron transfer efficiency and stabilize co-AD of organic wastes.

82. 题目: Coupling effect and comprehensive evaluation of micro-nano bubble water with biochar on cucumber yield and quality under subsurface drip irrigation
文章编号: N26070707
期刊: Agricultural Water Management
作者: Zan Ouyang, Chuang Wen, Junhao Xia, Shi Han, Xueli Liang, Rong Tang, Qihua Yu, Yong Zhang, Jie Zhang, Hui Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: The compaction and hardening of red soil led to an imbalance of water and air, thereby affecting the improvement of crop yield and quality. Micro-nano bubble water and biochar had the potential to improve the soil's water and gas environment, but their synergistic effects were unclear. This study focused on greenhouse cucumbers and employed a two-factor comparative experimental design, combining in-situ monitoring, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis to explore the coupling effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations in micro-nano bubble water (4–5, 9–10, 14–15 mg/L) and biochar application rates (20, 40, 60 t/hm²) in 2024 and 2025. The coupling of micro-nano bubble water and biochar significantly increased the average soil moisture, yield, water productivity (WP), and these indicators improve with the increased in dissolved oxygen concentration and biochar application amount, while water consumption (ET) decreased. A higher biochar application combined with an appropriate dissolved oxygen concentration reduced ET. The fruit quality response showed a nonlinear change, and an appropriate combination was beneficial for promoting sugar accumulation and reducing total acid content, thereby increasing the sugar-acid ratio. Yield was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil moisture and WP. The optimal oxygen-biochar management scheme was the combination of dissolved oxygen (9∼10 mg/L or 14∼15 mg/L) and biochar (60 t/hm2), which effectively improved the soil water-air environment, enhanced water use efficiency, and achieves increased in both yield and quality. The research findings had reference value for increasing crop yield and quality in compacted acidic red soil areas.

83. 题目: Nanocellulose synergism with biochar for sandy soil cropping
文章编号: N26070706
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Maryam O Qassem, Mohamed Hamid Salim, M-Haidar A Dali, Katherine Tafur Landazabal, Sarath Haridas Kaniyamparambil, Hena Abdu, Blaise L Tardy
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: Sandy soil constrains agriculture in water-limited environments as it requires heavy fertilizer inputs, where rapid water drainage and nutrients are lost before crops can absorb them. The effectiveness of biochar (BC), e.g. obtained from processed biowastes, as a sustainable amendment has long been proposed as a means of enhancing arid soils while sequestering carbon, yet it is limited by inhomogeneous BC particle dispersion across sandy soils, and subsequent particle loss. In parallel, nanocellulose (NC), obtained at high yield from plant cell walls, is emerging as a promising material for soil and agriculture. Herein, the synergistic benefits of BC and NC for sandy soils are demonstrated for the first time. The results indicate that combining BC, herein derived from camel manure, with NC fibers, herein obtained from food waste, creates hybrid organic amendments that stabilize BC and improve water and nutrient retention in sandy soils. Compared with the BC-only treatment, adding NC reduced leaching of BC from 32% to < 3% over 48 irrigation cycles and, under simulated drought, the BC and BC + NC composite retained ∼49% and ∼190% more soil water, respectively, than the sand-only soils. Compared with the latter, BC combined with NC improved microgreens growth height by over 25%, and potassium content by 75%. Extending beyond soils, in cellulose-based soilless substrates, BC was also shown to improve microgreen yields and reduce visible mold-like contaminants.

84. 题目: Coupled ZnCl2 activation and urea etching of sugarcane bagasse-derived porous biochars via in situ ZnO templating for radioactive iodine immobilization
文章编号: N26070705
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Yukai Quan, Lei Gao, Dong Xie, Detao Xiao, Cheng Sun, Jinke Xie, Ruotao Bai, Jingshuo Zhang, Boyan Hu
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: Although various biomass-based adsorbents have been developed for iodine capture, the synergistic mechanisms between microscopic porosity and heteroatom active sites remain elusive, which severely hinders the rational design of high-performance materials. Herein, a series of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochars with high surface area and tailored nitrogen functional groups were fabricated via ZnCl2 activation followed by urea-induced secondary etching. By systematically optimizing the preparation parameters, the resulting NAC-0.25 displayed an excellent static iodine uptake of 4429 mg/g at 75 °C and a dynamic breakthrough capacity of 3863 mg/g under continuous dry flow conditions, outperforming previously reported carbonaceous adsorbents. Characterization and mechanistic insights revealed that urea treatment facilitates in situ ZnO template elimination, which simultaneously unblocks confined micropores and anchors nucleophilic nitrogen sites to promote polyiodide ( and ) formation. Finally, grey relational analysis (GRA) quantified that although the adsorption stage is collectively governed by multiple factors, especially for total pore volume and specific surface area, the desorption process is strictly dominated by pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N species. This work elucidates the physico-chemical synergy that governs iodine immobilization, providing a theological basis for the development of high-performance biochar adsorbents.

85. 题目: Engineered MnOx–biochar from sugarcane bagasse enables sensitive electrochemical detection of Cd2+ in water
文章编号: N26070704
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Manascha Seif Eddine Smit, Rafael Matias Silva, Thamiris Ferreira de Souza, Mylene Lourdes Barbosa, Guilherme Max Dias Ferreira, Tiago Almeida Silva
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal widely used in batteries, pigments, and coatings, and its presence in natural environments poses a serious risk to human health. This study aimed to develop an electrochemical sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with manganese oxide-functionalized sugarcane bagasse biochar for Cd2+ determination using differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry (DPAdASV), providing a sustainable strategy that combines biomass valorization with enhanced electrochemical performance. Manganese precursors with different oxidation states (MnCl2 or KMnO4) were employed to produce biochars with distinct MnOx phase compositions, enabling the investigation of the relationship between the nature of these phases and the electroanalytical performance of the resulting materials. Biochars produced via manganese pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with different precursor salts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, determination of the point of zero charge (pHPZC), quantification of acidic and basic surface functions, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cd2+ ions were adsorbed onto the electrode surface and subsequently determined electrochemically. The electrode containing biochar obtained from KMnO4 exhibited superior performance, evidenced by a more intense analytical signal. Adsorption assays using Cd2+ on the biochars confirmed that the nature of the oxides formed governs the electrochemical activity of the electrode. Experimental parameters such as biochar content (30% w w−1), pH (4.5), reduction potential (–1.0 V), pre-accumulation time (10 min), and reduction time (60 s) were optimized. Under optimized conditions, the sensor displayed a linear response in the concentration range of 0.498–4.76 µmol L−1 and a sensitivity of 1.178 µA L µmol−1. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 µmol L−1 and 0.06 µmol L−1, respectively. Recovery tests for river and tap water samples showed values above 80%, confirming the sensor’s applicability for environmental monitoring. Interference studies demonstrated satisfactory selectivity toward Cd2+ in the presence of common inorganic ions and organic species found in environmental waters.

86. 题目: Decreased burial of organic carbon in ferruginous-prevailing cold seeps
文章编号: N26070703
期刊: Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers
作者: Can Chen, Xiaoming Miao, Davide Oppo, Fei Han, Qianwen Xiao, Hongxiang Guan, Xinxin Cao, Qing Wang, Sanzhong Li
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: Organic carbon burial in continental margin sediments represents a key component of the global carbon cycle, and cold-seep environments may have been potential burial hotspots. This study examines the complex iron-sulfur interactions in ferruginous sediments of the Haima cold-seep area, within the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, revealing previously overlooked mechanisms that may reduce carbon burial efficiency. Geochemical and magnetic analyses indicate that the iron reduction and cryptic sulfur cycle initiated by sulfur disproportionation actively occur near the sulfate-methane transition zone (SMTZ). These processes promote the reductive dissolution of Fe-(oxyhydr)oxides, leading to the OC burial rate that is 65% ± 17% (n = 14) lower than the global average for comparable SMTZ depths. Our findings hence propose the necessity of accounting for iron-sulfur interactions when evaluating marine carbon burial efficiency. Ignoring these processes may lead to a potentially misleading overestimation of carbon sequestration in analogous ferruginous environments.

87. 题目: Mangrove organic matter accumulated recently at Low Isles, Great Barrier Reef
文章编号: N26070702
期刊: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
作者: Brooke M Conroy, Jeffrey J Kelleway, Haidee Cadd, Sarah M Hamylton, Colin D Woodroffe, David P Child, Michael A C Hotchkis, Quan Hua, Sabika Maizma, Patricia Gadd, Debashish Mazumder, Kerrylee Rogers
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: Mangroves are increasingly valued for the carbon they sequester below ground. However, spatiotemporal patterns of organic matter dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly in coral reef settings of the Southern Hemisphere. This study examined mangrove below-ground organic matter accumulation across gradients of tidal position, forest age and above-ground biomass on a low-wooded island of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, where sea level has been relatively stable for millennia. Sediment cores were collected from three locations and analysed for proportions of organic matter, calcium carbonate, and other materials. Geochronology was determined using 210Pb age-depth modelling, 239+240Pu and 236U bomb-pulse radionuclides and 14C dating. Results indicate mangroves established at Low Isles within the past ∼200 years. In the oldest forest, ∼50 cm of organic matter-dominated sediment has accumulated above the reef platform since establishment at 1832 CE ± 33 yrs (∼65 cm depth). Sedimentation rates, dominated by mangrove organic matter accumulation, were higher in the older, tallest forest at higher intertidal positions at 4.2 (3.6 – 5.2) mm yr-1 compared to the younger, intermediate forest at 1.7 (1.4 – 2.1) mm yr-1. Despite this accretion, mangrove substrates remain low in the tidal frame, indicating available vertical accommodation space for continued organic matter accumulation. Accommodation space is being infilled because sediment accretion exceeds observed sea-level rise, although infill may be limited under higher warming scenarios. These findings indicate that mangrove below-ground carbon stores are shallow where sea level has remained stable for millennia, highlighting the importance of sea-level history in constraining long-term carbon storage.

88. 题目: Organic carbon enrichment in carbonate concretions of the Rincon Shale, California, USA: Implications for organic matter preservation in concretions
文章编号: N26070701
期刊: Chemical Geology
作者: Sean J Loyd, Melonie D Reyes, Natasha Kuhn, Adam D Woods, Allyson M Fry-Petit, Ashley E Godoy
更新时间: 2026-07-07
摘要: Carbonate concretions often form as a byproduct of the degradation of organic matter and/or methane in sediments. Despite these origins, concretions may subsequently protect sedimentary organic matter from degradation after precipitation. The degree to which concretions preferentially preserve organic material is poorly characterized, as are the degradation processes/environments against which they are most effective. Here, concretions and host sediment of the Miocene Rincon Shale are compared geochemically to assess the preservation capacity of concretions. Magnesian calcite and dolomite concretions of the Rincon Shale express carbonate carbon isotope compositions (δ13Ccarb) consistent with formation via microbial oxidative reactions and methanogenesis, respectively. Host shale laminae deflection around the concretions and high cement contents suggest that concretions formed at relatively shallow sediment depths during early diagenesis. Concretions contain higher concentrations of total carbonate-free organic carbon (TOCCF), iron, and manganese than neighboring host shales. When considered collectively, host shale and concretion Oxygen Index (OI) data correlate with TOCCF contents, consistent with oxidative weathering. However, most concretions express lower OI compositions than neighboring shales. Combined lower OI and higher TOCCF, iron, and manganese in concretions suggest that concretions protect organic matter and metal sulfides from oxidative weathering in outcrop. This preferential preservation indicates that concretions 1) represent a better target for outcrop-based study using organic archives and 2) may delay the weathering of sedimentary organic matter and impact carbon cycling.

89. 题目: Microbial response to temperature and organic matter shifts in deep Antarctic sediments
文章编号: N26070618
期刊: Progress in Oceanography
作者: G Luongo, C Corinaldesi, A Dell’Anno, A Giorgetti, A Pusceddu, E Rastelli, M Tangherlini, A Cau, C Ennas, S Greco, R Danovaro
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: The identification of the factors driving the biodiversity and metabolism of microbial components in deep-sea Antarctic ecosystems is crucial in light of their rapid transformations. Here, through a replicated and hierarchical sampling strategy, we investigated two deep-sea benthic areas in the Ross Sea (Antarctica) characterized by different bottom temperatures (ΔT ca. 1.3°C) and trophic conditions. The warmer and more oligotrophic deep seafloor showed higher bacterial and archaeal diversity and faster organic matter cycling, whilst the colder mesotrophic system displayed a higher organic matter content and microbial biomass. Proteobacterial assemblages dominated both areas, yet only 9.2% of the taxa were shared between the two sampling areas, indicating a major turnover in microbial biodiversity. Multiple linear regression models identified temperatures and organic matter as key drivers of prokaryotic assemblages and ecosystem functioning, with viral infections playing a potential role in organic matter cycling. These findings allow understanding how environmental changes in Antarctic benthic ecosystems, such as those potentially induced by climate change, could alter the biodiversity and metabolism of the microbial components and the organic matter cycling.

90. 题目: Macroalgae detritus accelerates degradation of recalcitrant organic matter in coastal marine sediments
文章编号: N26070617
期刊: Marine Pollution Bulletin
作者: Julie Lyhne Ehrenreich, Annette Bruhn, Daniel Taylor, Mette Møller Nielsen, Peter Søndergaard Schmedes, Line Hermannsen, Birgit Olesen, Teis Boderskov, Signe Høgslund
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: The supply of macroalgal detritus to marine sediments may impact the degradation dynamics of pre-existing organic matter in the sediment. This was investigated in sediment sampled from a shallow coastal estuary (Limfjorden, Denmark). Measurements of oxygen (O2) consumption, the release of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and the exchange of dissolved inorganic nutrients (NO2-, NO3-, NH4+, and PO43-) between sediment and bottom water in macroalgae-amended and unamended sediment cores showed a clear impact of macroalgae additions, with elevated carbon (C) turnover in these cores. The differences in total DIC release between unamended cores and macroalgae-amended cores were more than 100% and up to 298% of the added macroalgae C. The macroalgae addition, therefore accelerated the degradation of pre-existing organic matter in the sediment. This observation, known as a priming effect, is well described in soils and freshwater systems but has only recently been considered in marine systems. Results from this experiment suggest that short term priming (

91. 题目: Environmental aging behavior and organic matter release of biodegradable microplastics PLA, PBAT and PHBV under different coastal environmental conditions
文章编号: N26070616
期刊: Marine Pollution Bulletin
作者: Yan Luo, Jianqiang Gu, Xiaoying Wu, Xuejing Wei, Xuguo Tian, Yini Ma
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: To better understand the environmental fate of biodegradable microplastics (MPs) in coastal environments, this study investigated the aging behavior and organic matter release of PLA, PBAT, and PHBV MPs with typical environmental factors (UV irradiation, water, salinity, and DOM). After 30-days incubation, all materials aged rapidly under UV, with significant changes in particle size distribution and number-average molecular weight (Mn) decreased to 20-50% of initial value. The increases in carbonyl index (CI) and -COOH/-COO- ratio of the carbonyl bond indicated significant photooxidation, Norrish reactions and ester bond hydrolysis. While in darkness, the decrease of Mn was substantially lower and -COOH/-COO- ratio increased but no change in CI were detected, indicating hydrolytic cleavage only. Among tested polymers, PHBV exhibited the largest changes regardless of irradiation. The influence from environmental matrix was also pronounce: aging proceeded faster in air than in DI water; dissolved salts in seawater inhibited chain scission, whereas the present of DOM markedly accelerated chain scission but reduced the relative abundance of chain-scission product. Moreover, with the analysis of TOC, particle abundance and chemical component of leached OC, we found that UV irradiation promoted the conversion of shed particulates into dissolved molecules and accelerated humification simultaneously in the leachate, yielding more humic-like DOM. Conversely, dark aging leached higher relative abundances of submicron/nanoscale particles and protein-like DOM into surrounding water. After all, by altering aging behaviors and the plastic derived organic matter release, these environmental factors may further change the environmental persistency and possible risks of biodegradable plastics in coastal ecosystems.

92. 题目: Dose-dependent effects of biochar on low-temperature anammox: reactor performance, community variation, and functional potential
文章编号: N26070615
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Kaiyu Hou, Biao Yang, Rong Zhao, Jinwei Zhang, Yun Duan
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: Low temperature is a major constraint on the practical application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Although biochar has been reported to improve low-temperature anammox, the effect of dosage remains insufficiently understood. In this study, mature anammox sludge was amended with 0, 3, 7, and 9 g/L bamboo-derived biochar and operated under a stepwise temperature decrease from 35 to 15°C, followed by low-temperature operation for 70 d. Reactor performance, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), microbial community composition, and metagenomic functional potential were analyzed to clarify the dose effect of biochar. Among the tested dosages, 7 g/L biochar achieved the highest nitrogen removal efficiency (48.6%) at 15°C, which was 12.8 percentage points higher than the control value of 35.8%. Biochar-amended reactors also showed higher EPS contents than the control, and the 7 g/L group better maintained the PN/PS ratio under low-temperature stress. Community analysis indicated a higher relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia in the biochar-amended groups, especially at 7 g/L. Metagenomic analysis further showed higher abundance of genes associated with nitrogen metabolism, carbon metabolism, and EPS-related precursor synthesis in the 7 g/L group. These results suggest that an appropriate biochar dosage can improve low-temperature anammox performance and is associated with EPS stabilization, enrichment of key functional taxa, and enhanced functional potential. This study provides guidance for biochar dosage optimization in low-temperature anammox systems.

93. 题目: Deep vertical rotary tillage combined with biochar enhances rhizosphere soil aggregate stability in sugarcane fields by coupling pore structure and microbial communities
文章编号: N26070614
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Tongdong Mo, Chengfan Yang, Daihua Jiang, Xuejiao Huang, Minghua Gu
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: The soil environment is crucial for crop growth, and biochar (BC) has been widely applied for soil amelioration. However, the effects of deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) combined with BC application on the microstructure, stability, and microbial community distribution within rhizosphere soil aggregates remain unclear. In this study, four treatments were established: deep tillage (DCK), DVRT (DRCK), deep tillage + BC (DBC), and DVRT + BC (DRBC). Changes in aggregate stability, pore structure, and microbial communities under different treatments were systematically investigated using CT scanning, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and 16S/ITS amplicon sequencing. The results revealed that DRBC significantly improved the aggregate microstructure, achieving a soil porosity of 10.42%, which was 204.68%, 71.95%, and 5.15% higher than that of DCK, DBC, and DRCK, respectively. Compared with DRCK, DRBC increased the number of micropores (5–30 μm) and ultramicropores (< 5 μm) by 9.33% and 28.72%, respectively, and exhibited the best pore connectivity with markedly increased large‑pore channels. SEM observations also revealed that DRBC resulted in smooth particle surfaces, abundant microaggregates, and a granular microstructure. In addition, DRBC showed a positive tendency toward the formation of water-stable aggregates and promoted the accumulation of glomalin‑related soil protein, with the highest content in < 0.053 mm aggregates. DRBC also accelerated polysaccharide production during the early growth stages, with the total polysaccharide increase rate being 3.32% from the seedling to the tillering stage and reaching 41.67% from the tillering to the elongation stage. Microbial community analysis indicated that DRBC increased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi and Chytridiomycota in aggregates at the seedling stage, and significantly increased the relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Mortierellomycota at the maturity stage, while optimizing the distribution of beneficial genera (e.g., Acidothermus, Chryseobacterium, Knufia, Humicola). In conclusion, DRBC significantly improved the microstructural quality of rhizosphere soil aggregates and showed a positive tendency toward water-stable aggregate formation by increasing the content of aggregate-cementing substances, improving pore connectivity, and regulating microbial community structure, thereby providing a theoretical basis for sustainable soil management in the sugarcane‑growing regions of South China.

94. 题目: Multiple benefits of biochar for remediating contaminated mining soils: heavy metal stabilization, carbon sequestration, and ecological function restoration
文章编号: N26070613
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Yibo Cheng, Weiying Feng, Yu Wang, Fang Yang, Qingfeng Miao, Chiamin Ho, Yaoqiang Huo, Haiqing Liao
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: Ecological restoration of mining areas is a critical issue in global environmental governance, as heavy metal accumulation, persistent organic pollutants, soil degradation, and carbon pool imbalance threaten ecosystem stability and human health. Biochar shows great potential for mining soil remediation due to its unique physicochemical properties and multifunctional environmental benefits. However, its synergistic mechanisms in contaminated mining soils and ecological recovery remain insufficiently understood, and remediation performance is often affected by biochar characteristics and site-specific soil conditions. This review summarizes biochar preparation processes and material properties, highlighting that its developed pore structure, alkalinity, and aromatic carbon framework provide the basis for heavy metal stabilization and soil carbon sequestration. Biochar improves mining soils through synergistic physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms, including soil structure improvement, chemical regulation, nutrient cycling enhancement, and microbial activation. The limitations and potential risks of biochar application in mine-site remediation are also discussed, along with corresponding optimization strategies. Future research should focus on long-term field stability, improved preparation technologies, and integration with phytoremediation or microbial remediation to develop site-specific restoration strategies. These insights provide theoretical and technical support for biochar-based mine pollution remediation, carbon sequestration, and ecological restoration.

95. 题目: Evidence for the cross-shelf transport of organic matter in the Bay of Bengal
文章编号: N26070612
期刊: Progress in Oceanography
作者: G R Rajula, A Prakash, V.V.S.S. Sarma, M G Goankar, A P Tari, S T Khalap, N P Satelkar
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: The existence of a thick oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) is known; however, the source of the organic carbon to support heterotrophic carbon demand is unclear. The first evidence of the transport of organic matter from shelf sediments to the water column through coastal currents, and its contribution to supporting heterotrophic carbon demand in the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the northwestern Bay of Bengal (BoB) is reported. Higher sinking carbon fluxes were observed at 350 m depth during the monsoon period, associated with river discharge, compared to the dry period. The peak in sinking fluxes did not show any relation with photic zone primary production, suggesting that in-situ production of organic matter may not be the sole source of the sinking fluxes. Based on the carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of sinking organic matter and shelf sediments, it was estimated that about 3/4 of the sinking carbon flux at 350 m was contributed by shelf sediments. River discharge, eddies, cross-shore, and alongshore currents play a dominant role in transporting coastal sediments to offshore. The impact of these processes varies with both space and time. The net utilization of sinking carbon between 350 m and 860 m was 0.5 ± 0.2 TgC y-1, which is close to that of the mean microbial respiration rate (0.8 ± 0.4 TgC y-1). Simulation of cross-shelf transport in numerical models may improve predictions of changes in OMZ intensity due to climate change.

96. 题目: Soil microbe-dissolved organic matter coupling is linked to ecosystem multifunctionality during forest recovery after logging and fire
文章编号: N26070611
期刊: Forest Ecology and Management
作者: Mingyu Wang, Zihan Zhang, Beat Frey, Yiwen Ding, Detian Li, Xiangyu Liu, Chengrong Chen, Zhonghu Zhang, Xin Sui, Mai-He Li, Baoshan Cui
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: Boreal forests play a crucial role in global carbon regulation but are increasingly exposed to logging and fire disturbances. However, how belowground microbial-dissolved organic matter (DOM) interactions shape EMF during post-disturbance recovery remains unclear. Using absolute quantitative high-throughput sequencing and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), we investigated microbe–DOM coupling (co-occurrence) in post-logging and post-fire boreal forests. The study included eight treatments with three independent replicate plots per treatment, resulting in 24 plots in total. These treatments comprised four post-logging forests representing undisturbed control and 20–32 years of natural recovery after clear-cutting or selective cutting, and four wildfire treatments representing unburned reference and light, moderate, and severe fire after 21 years of post-fire recovery. Post-logging forests exhibited incomplete recovery of soil nutrients and enzyme activity, accompanied by a shift toward K-strategist microbial communities and reduced proportions of recalcitrant-like DOM compounds. In contrast, high-severity fire was associated with the accumulation of thermodynamically constrained, recalcitrant-like DOM pools within the PPL-extractable and negative-ion-detectable DOM fraction; here, recalcitrance is interpreted as an operational inference based on molecular indices rather than direct biodegradability measurements. Despite recovery in DOM α-diversity, the complexity of microbe-DOM coupling networks remained lower than in undisturbed forests. Threshold analysis further showed that EMF responses were disturbance-dependent, with lower coupling thresholds in post-logging forests but higher minimum threshold (Tmin) values for microbe-DOM interactions following fire. In post-logging forests, the minimum EMF thresholds for bacterial-DOM coupling were relatively low, including 0.25 for all bacteria, 0.42 for core bacteria, and 0.26 for satellite bacteria, whereas the threshold for all bacterial species-DOM coupling was higher in post-fire forests (Tmin = 0.71). Moreover, EMF drivers differed between disturbance types, being primarily associated with soil nutrients in post-logging forests and litter quality in post-fire forests. These findings suggest that logging and fire reshape boreal carbon turnover through coordinated shifts in microbial life-history strategies, DOM molecular composition, and interaction network structure.

97. 题目: Divergent effects of a Bacillus biofertilizer immobilized in guinea pig manure biochar: Boosting productivity vs. enhancing nutritional quality in maca monocultures
文章编号: N26070610
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Richard Solórzano, Ana Carranza-Ramirez, Nora Vera-Obando, Rosario Javier-Astete, Alberto Arias-Arredondo, Melina Lopez-Rodriguez, Michell K Arroyo-Julca, Excela Saavedra-Flores, Cinthia Quispe-Apaza, Lizbeth Mamani-Rojas, Juancarlos Cruz, Angel Montes Osorio, Juan Agapito Panta, Persing Oscco Laura, Angel David Hernández-Amasifuen
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: Intensive monoculture of maca (Lepidium meyenii) in the Peruvian Andes induces edaphic degradation, requiring sustainable amendments. We evaluated the agronomic and nutritional effects of a Bacillus subtilis biofertilizer immobilized in guinea-pig manure biochar, contrasting it with its individual components. A field experiment was conducted in Junín, Peru (4449 m a.s.l.) using a randomized complete block design with four treatments: control, biochar alone (3 L m−2), liquid B. subtilis (125 L ha−1, 107 CFU mL−1) and biochar + B. subtilis. Plant establishment, yield, nutritional quality, and hypocotyl nutrient content were evaluated. Results revealed a functional divergence between treatments. Biochar-based treatments (alone and combined) significantly increased plant density (up to 49 vs. 29 m−2 in the control) and yield (1290–1500 vs. 550 kg ha−1), associated with greater K accumulation (up to 22,252 mg kg−1; p < 0.001). In contrast, B. subtilis alone primarily enhanced nutritional quality, resulting in the highest protein (3.88 g 100 g−1) and fat (0.24 g 100 g−1) contents. The combined treatment achieved the highest individual plant weight (10.1 g) and high yields; however, it did not retain the quality-related benefits, exhibiting the lowest protein content (3.34 g 100 g−1). Redundancy analysis (RDA) confirmed this functional separation: biochar was associated with a mineral–productivity gradient, whereas B. subtilis aligned with a proximate–nutritional gradient. These findings indicate that biochar primarily acts as edaphic conditioner driving productivity, while B. subtilis enhances nutritional quality. The absence of full synergism in the combined treatment suggests independent modes of action, resulting in a yield–quality trade-off. This enables the design of differentiated fertilization strategies tailored either toward maximum productivity (biochar alone) or premium nutritional quality (B. subtilis alone).

98. 题目: Mechanisms of reduced Cd accumulation in rice by straw biochar: the role of iron plaque
文章编号: N26070609
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Rui Yuan, Guiyun Huang, Liwen Qiu, Di Wu, Jinhua Wu, Yinhua Guo, Rongbin Tang, Yutong Feng, Guangxin Zhang, Cheng Liu, Lianqing Li, Genxing Pan
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: Although biochar has been increasingly explored for cadmium (Cd) imobilization in paddy soils, the pathways by which biochar modulates sulfur and iron transformation under redox fluctuations during rice growth to diminish soil Cd bioavailability and enhance the Cd adsorption of iron plaque (IP) await in-depth exploration. Accordingly, a pot experiment was conducted with Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Rape and rice straw biochars, pyrolyzed at 450 °C (RALB, RLB) and 800 °C (RAHB, RHB) were applied at rates of 0.5% (BC0.5) and 1% (BC1). The results revealed that biochar reduced the grain Cd and root Cd levels by 22.2∼65.5% and 18.2∼66.7%, particularly in the RALB1 and RLB1 treatments when compared to control (CK). Structural equation modeling revealed that soil CaCl₂-extractable Cd, along with iron plaque, were pivotal factors affecting Cd accumulation in rice. Biochar effectively decreased soil CaCl₂-extractable Cd, and RALB1 and RLB1 treatments exhibited the lowest Cd levels with an average reduction of 35.6% relative to the CK. The RLB1 treatment exhibited the highest increase (42.5%) in Cd associated with the Fe/Mn oxide fraction in soil at the heading stage, as well as a 5-fold increase in Cd within the IP at the tillering stage. RALB1 treatment elevating plaque sulfur content by 3.3–5.2 times and minimizing Cd translocation from iron plaque to rice roots. In conclusion, biochar mediates sulfur-iron dynamics to suppress soil Cd mobility and strengthen the barrier function of iron plaque, thereby reducing Cd accumulation in rice.

99. 题目: Synergistic Biochar/Hydrogel Composites: A Next-Generation Platform for Sustainable Water Treatment
文章编号: N26070608
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Ankit Verma, Mukesh Kumar, Pooja Puri, Humaira Parveen, Sayeed Mukhtar, Mona O Albalawi, Sangeeta Bhogal, Rohit Jasrotia
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: The rising need for clean water resources and complex pollutants has led to an increase in research into new materials for water treatment. In this case, biochar/hydrogel composites are good options because biochar’s porous structure, large surface area and chemical properties work well with hydrogels ability to swell and respond to different conditions. This review provides a systematic overview of the structure, properties, and environmental applications of the biochar/hydrogel composites for water purification purposes. In particular, factors affecting the structural and adsorption performances, such as the type of biochar feedstock, thermochemical processing methods, as well as approaches to hydrogels synthesis, are considered. Furthermore, attention is paid to the analysis of the interfacial processes, including the approaches applied for determining the structure of biochar/hydrogel composites. Mechanisms involved in contaminants sorption by biochar/hydrogel composites are thoroughly reviewed, with particular focus paid to the effects of hydrogels networks architecture, the way of introducing biochar onto mass transfer processes. The potential of biochar/hydrogels composites for inorganic and organic contaminants adsorption from water is systematically assessed in terms of their applicability, regeneration procedures, reusability and separation capabilities. Lastly, the contemporary problems concerning the realistic matrix, scalability, sustainability and toxicity are addressed. The recent trend in material development by using machine learning is also emphasized. This review highlights a systematic structure-property-performance understanding in the development of advanced biochar/hydrogel composites for effective water purification.

100. 题目: Grazing-induced soil pH elevation drives microbial necromass deposition in the rhizosphere organic carbon pool of a desert steppe
文章编号: N26070607
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Zefeng Qin, Yuan Wei, Haigang Li, Hui Gao, Junling Zhang, Yunlong Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-06
摘要: The rhizosphere plays a pivotal role in transforming microbial necromass carbon (MNC) into soil organic carbon (SOC), but the mechanisms driving this transformation under grazing in desert steppes remain unclear. Based on a 12-year grazing experiment in a desert steppe of northern China, we investigated the effects of grazing on SOC and MNC, and explored how plant nutrition, soil properties, and microbial characteristics regulate their formation at both plant species and community levels. On average, bacterial (BNC) and fungal (FNC) neceomass carbon contributed 12.55% and 14.42% to SOC, respectively, and were positively correlated with SOC in both rhizosphere and bare soil (BS). Grazing increased SOC, BNC and FNC in rhizosphere of most plant species and at community level, but slightly decreased them in BS. Among all tested indexes, soil pH was the predominant one positively influenced by grazing. In the rhizosphere, elevated soil pH influenced microbial diversity, network complexity and/or extracellular enzyme activity in a species-specific manner, thereby promoting MNC formation. In contrast, grazing impacted MNC in BS mainly by directly altering microbial diversity and network complexity. At the broader scale, encompassing entire plant community and BS, microbial diversity was identified as the key driver of MNC formation. We conclude that MNC is a primary source of SOC in desert steppes, and that grazing exerts contrasting effects on MNC formation in the rhizosphere and BS through distinct pathways. These findings highlight the importance of preserving both plant and microbial diversity to enhance carbon sequestration in desert steppes.