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1. 题目: Impact-processed nitrogen-bearing organics in Chang’e-5 and Chang’e-6 lunar regolith
文章编号: N26041023
期刊: Science Advances
作者: Mingtan Dong, Jialong Hao, H G Changela, Hengci Tian, Shengxuan Huang, Yuyang He, Xiaochun Liu, Xiaoguang Li, Sen Hu, Wei Yang, Yangting Lin
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: The Moon has preserved a unique record of organic matter delivered and reworked by asteroid and comet impacts. Here, we report diverse organic phases (particle-like, adhering-like, and inclusion-like) on the surfaces of lunar regolith grains returned by the Chang’e-5 and Chang’e-6 missions. They are predominantly amorphous carbon–like, containing N- and O-bearing functionalities and amide (─CONH─) linkages. The lunar organics show δD, δ 13 C, and δ 15 N values more negative than those of insoluble organic matter reported in carbonaceous chondrites and asteroids, consistent with impact-induced evaporation-condensation and surface reworking. The presence of solar wind implantation signatures in the organics supports long-term exposure on the lunar surface. Together, these findings suggest that the impacts both delivered and chemically processed organic matter on the lunar surface, generating N- and O-bearing functionalities.

2. 题目: Raman Analysis of Black Carbon Using Artificial Neural Networks for Emission Source Classification
文章编号: N26041022
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: L Drudi, M Giardino, R Bellopede
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Black Carbon (BC), a major component of Particulate Matter (PM), plays a crucial role in air pollution, climate change, and public health impacts, due to its light-absorbing nature and ability to penetrate deeply into the respiratory system. Despite being the subject of scientific research for many years, a significant gap remains in BC source apportionment, specifically the identification of the specific combustion sources. However, the identification and relative quantification of BC contributions by source type (e.g., domestic heating, biomass combustion, fossil fuels) provide critical information for the development and implementation of effective pollution mitigation strategies. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of Raman spectroscopy for the source apportionment of BC samples originating from gasoline, diesel, and biomass combustion. Recorded Raman spectra were used to train a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classifier, which achieved an identification accuracy of 96.9% on testing data, confirming the method's reliability and paving the way for the development of a routine source apportionment technique based on Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the classification was performed on BC collected in two distinct sampling stations showing different contribution from fossil fuel (diesel and gasoline) and biomass burning, consistent with their respective emission contexts.

3. 题目: Size distribution and diurnal variations of brown carbon absorption using DMF and methanol extraction methods: Implications for the origins of extremely low-volatility organics
文章编号: N26041021
期刊: Environmental Pollution
作者: Yuanyuan Zhang, Furong Zhao, Chunyu Huang, Zhijuan Shao, Wei Feng, Hong Liao, Yuhang Wang, Guofeng Shen, Mingjie Xie
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: In this study, paired PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ samples with low time resolution (11 h) and time-resolved PM_2.5 samples (2–6 h) were collected from northern Nanjing, China, during summer and winter. The light absorption of organic carbon (OC) in each sample was measured for N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol extracts, respectively. The light absorption coefficient of DMF extracts at 365 nm (Abs_365,d) showed no significant difference (Student's t-test, p > 0.05) between PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ samples, consistent with existing observations for methanol extracts (Abs_365,m). However, the mean Abs_365,d values for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the corresponding Abs_365,m values, as extremely low volatility OC (ELVOC) with strong light absorption is more soluble in DMF than in methanol. This difference also applies to other cities in the central Yangtze River Delta, China, based on direct measurements. Diurnal variation analysis using time-resolved PM_2.5 samples showed that Abs_365,d was greater than Abs_365,m mainly at 8:00–10:00 and 20:00–2:00 in both summer and winter, indicating that ELVOC from fresh emissions during the morning rush hour and from nighttime oxidation was likely more soluble in DMF than in methanol. Source apportionment of Abs_365,d and Abs_365,m was conducted using concentration data of organic molecular markers in the same samples. The difference in the contribution of resuspended road dust mixed with combustion emissions to Abs_365,d and Abs_365,m showed similar diurnal variations to measured Abs_365,d minus Abs_365,m, suggesting it may be an important source of light-absorbing ELVOC.

4. 题目: Fungi-Driven Shifts in Soil DOM Molecular Composition under Biobased Biodegradable Microplastic Exposure
文章编号: N26041020
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Xiaofang Ma, Zhijun Wei, Ke Meng, Xiaomin Wang, Xueying Feng, Yumeng Zhang, Meng Wu, Xiaoyuan Yan, Rong Ji, Jun Shan
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Biobased biodegradable microplastics (Bio-MPs) can alter both the quantity and molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil, which profoundly shapes the stability of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the microbial mechanisms underlying the Bio-MP-induced DOM turnover, particularly the role of fungi, remain largely unclear. Here, we tracked DOM molecular dynamics using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and characterized microbial communities using 16S rRNA gene and ITS amplicon sequencing during a 30-day soil incubation amended with polylactic acid (PLA-MPs, low biodegradability) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA-MPs, high biodegradability). Our results showed that PLA-MPs exerted minimal impacts on DOM dynamics, whereas PHA-MPs rapidly increased DOM content and CO2 emission and shifted the DOM molecular composition from recalcitrant compounds (e.g., lignins and tannins) toward labile compounds (e.g., lipids and proteins/amino sugars). These alterations were primarily driven by fungal depolymerization of PHA-MPs and SOM to generate labile DOM, followed by bacterial assimilation, indicating a fungal-initiated metabolic cascade that governs soil DOM turnover under PHA-MP exposure. The increase in labile DOM was mainly associated with enrichment of fast-growing fungi (e.g., Neocosmospora). Overall, this study elucidates the pivotal role of fungi in mediating Bio-MP-induced DOM turnover and shaping SOM stability.

5. 题目: Atmospheric black carbon in the climate system
文章编号: N26041019
期刊: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
作者: Örjan Gustafsson, Krishnakant Budhavant, Navinya Chimurkar, Sean Clarke, Gabrielle Dreyfus, Xin Gong, Zbigniew Klimont, Klaus Klingmüller, Sang-Woo Kim, Jos Lelieveld, Gunnar Myhre, H.R.C.R. Nair, Jianfei Peng, V Ramanathan, Archita Rana, M R Manoj, S K Satheesh, Chandra Venkataraman, Qiang Zhang
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Black carbon (BC) aerosols are short-lived climate pollutants with important, but uncertain, climate impacts. In this Review, we synthesize observations of atmospheric BC concentrations, sources, optical properties, lifetimes and climate effects, drawing comparisons with atmospheric model simulations. Isotopic fingerprinting reveals regional differences in BC sources, with biomass burning contributing 93 ± 3% in sub-Saharan Africa, 56 ± 7% in South Asia and 28 ± 5% in East Asia. Atmospheric BC loadings have declined in South America, East Asia, Europe and North America, and stabilized in Africa and South Asia owing to clean air policies and advances in technology and practices. The optical properties of BC influence its climate effects. The global-mean mass absorption coefficient (MAC550) of atmospheric BC is 12.3 ± 5.8 m2 g−1, being highest in Africa, Europe and South Asia. MAC550 is enhanced near universally by 1.6 ± 0.4 owing to ageing during long-range transport. In major emission regions, the aerosol absorption optical depth and the direct aerosol radiative forcing ratio between the bottom and the top of the atmosphere are lower in model simulations than in observations by factors of 2 and 1.5, respectively. Relative to long-term observations, model simulations estimate higher BC deposition fluxes but lower concentrations and sunlight absorption. These discrepancies have implications for the accuracy of model representations of humidity, clouds, precipitation and climate forcing. Future research should prioritize comparisons of emission inventory and model estimates with observations to enhance model accuracy and guide mitigation efforts.

6. 题目: Endogenous organic matter of anaerobic sludge as a recyclable carbon source for anammox process: in situ enrichment and ingredient differences
文章编号: N26041018
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Hao Sheng, Yayi Wang
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Securing sufficient organic carbon is a critical challenge for sustainable nitrogen removal from wastewater, with external carbon sources (e.g., sodium acetate, >300 USD per ton) contributing ∼20% of direct operational costs. This study evaluated the feasibility of using partial endogenous organic matter (EOM) derived from wastewater sludge as a recyclable carbon source for biological nitrogen removal. Two lab-scale reactors were operated for 150 days with in situ addition of nitrate (NO3−) or nitrite (NO2−) to differentiate their oxidative properties to selectively enrich partial EOM and the associated microbial consortia. Results indicated that partial EOM accounted for ∼70% of the total EOM, while the anammox process contributed to ∼20% removal of the endogenous released NH4+. 15N isotope tracing results confirmed that anammox accounted for 5.7% of total nitrogen removal. GC–MS analysis identified n-hexane as a key component of the partial EOM. These findings demonstrate that partial EOM from sludge can be harnessed as an economical and recyclable carbon source, offering a sustainable pathway for sludge recycling and enhancing biological nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment systems.

7. 题目: Revealing dissolved organic nitrogen transformation during the oxic process in 50 full-scale sewage treatment plants: Molecular and microbial mechanism
文章编号: N26041017
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Jiaqian You, Kewei Liao, Chenglong Han, Hongqiang Ren, Haidong Hu
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Wastewater-derived dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), posing high eutrophication and disinfection byproduct formation risks, warrants special focus. However, despite the oxic process being the core biological unit of inorganic nitrogen removal, the full understanding of its impact on DON is highly constrained owing to the restricted research scope. Herein, a large-scale study encompassing 50 sewage treatment plants across China with diverse treatment processes was conducted to explore the transformation patterns of DON during the oxic process. Surprisingly, only 17 sewage treatment plants show decreasing DON concentrations (−2.15 to −0.02 mg/L), while up to 33 plants show an increase in DON (0.01 to 1.55 mg/L). Molecular analysis revealed distinct differences between these two groups: the relative abundance of produced highly unsaturated DON was significantly higher in the oxic processes with increasing DON concentrations (30.77%) than in those with decreasing concentrations (22.12%; p < 0.01), implying that highly unsaturated DON generated from microbes contributed to the increase in DON concentration. Subsequently, statistical evidence (Mantel test and Procrustes analysis, p < 0.05) linked this molecular shift to microbial activities, specifically a community shift toward DON-producing taxa and the enhanced pyruvate metabolism. Given that per milligram of DON can stimulate the production of nearly ten times more chlorophyll a than inorganic nitrogen, indicating a higher eutrophication potential, this study greatly challenges the widely recognized beneficial role of the oxic process in nitrogen removal with the finding of the unexpected increase in DON concentration.

8. 题目: Three decades of continuous warming in temperate forests destabilizes persistent forms of soil organic matter
文章编号: N26041016
期刊: Science of the Total Environment
作者: Atzín X San Román, Serita D Frey, Melissa A Knorr, Huan Tong, Jerry M Melillo, Myrna J Simpson
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Rising temperatures have altered the balance of soil carbon stored versus respired in forest ecosystems worldwide. Yet, the molecular-level mechanisms driving changes to soil biogeochemical processes and the long-term changes to soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics remain unclear. Thus, we leveraged the world's longest soil warming experiment, spanning over three decades in a temperate forest, to investigate changes in SOM chemistry and microbial responses. Using advanced molecular-level techniques, we identified significant perturbations to SOM composition and novel shifts in microbial degradation pathways. Chronic warming enhanced the breakdown of plant-derived lipids typically thought resistant to microbial decomposition. Concomitant shifts in microbial communities indicate altered carbon use strategies, with microbes acclimating to warming and increasingly targeting persistent compounds. We provide new molecular-level evidence that chronic warming disrupts chemically resistant carbon compounds through altered microbial breakdown, revealing mechanisms by which persistent SOM pools may be lost. This further demonstrates that long-term stability is not solely governed by intrinsic chemical properties. Our findings underscore the need to fully elucidate long-term microbial functional shifts and their impacts on the stability of persistent SOM pools in a changing world.

9. 题目: Tracing microbial-mineral pathways of soil priming under contrasting organic inputs using 13C labeling and NanoSIMS
文章编号: N26041015
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Mengrou Li, Xianfeng Zhang, Yiming Yun, Xiuli Xin, Wenliang Yang, Anning Zhu
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Organic inputs can shift the soil priming effect and thereby alter the turnover of native soil organic carbon (SOC), yet the mechanisms linking microbial metabolism and mineral protection in the native SOC pool remain poorly resolved. Here, we conducted an incubation experiment using 13C-labeled organic inputs (glucose, straw, and biochar) with different bioavailability to elucidate microbial metabolic response and mineral association in the native SOC pool. Glucose and straw induced positive priming by favoring r-strategist microorganisms, which strengthened native SOC catabolism relative to the unamended control, with metabolic quotient (qCO2) increasing by 171.1% and 27.7% and microbial turnover rate (MTR) increasing by 105.1% and 94.4%, respectively. Conversely, biochar shifted priming to negative, enriched K-strategist microorganisms, and decreased native qCO2 by 45.5% and MTR by 4.1% relative to the unamended control, while showing the strongest anabolic incorporation of native SOC into microbial biomass and necromass among the three inputs. Nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) showed fourfold higher mineral surface coverage by 13C in the biochar treatment than in the glucose or straw treatments, coinciding with 14.6% and 9.0% greater native mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) accumulation, respectively. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) further indicated that priming effect is governed by multiple synergistic pathways, in which bacterial metabolic regulation and mineral-mediated protection jointly determine the direction and magnitude of priming. Our findings emphasize the joint role of soil mineral and microbe in regulating soil priming through coordinated controls on native catabolism and anabolism, which has important implications for mitigating priming induced carbon (C) losses and enhancing soil C persistence.

10. 题目: Agronomic and agroecological performance of biochar combined with organic fertilizers in a permanent temperate grassland
文章编号: N26041014
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Thomas Sixt, Jens Hartung, Anja Schmidt, Martin Wiesmeier, Kurt-Jürgen Hülsbergen
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: High fertile temperate permanent grassland sites are fertilized with slurry or manure to maintain productivity and soil fertility. However, the elevated temperatures resulting from climate change necessitate additional measures, as soil organic matter mineralizes at a more rapid rate. Therefore, biochar could be applied in addition to organic fertilizers. However, there is a notable research gap regarding the use of biochar on permanent temperate grassland. Previous studies on biochar in grassland systems have mostly been conducted under laboratory conditions or in conjunction with grassland renovation in field experiments. To close this research gap, a multi-year grassland field experiment was conducted in southern Germany. On stationary plots, biochar (0, 500, and 1000 kg ha−1 yr−1 biochar carbon (C)) was applied in combination with cattle slurry (112–179 kg ha−1 yr−1 total nitrogen (N)). Additionally, in one treatment whey (3.5 l kg−1 biochar C) and in another treatment effective microorganisms (1 l m−3 slurry) were added to the mixture of cattle slurry and biochar. Furthermore, composted manure (112, respectively 170 kg ha−1 yr−1 total N) alone or co-composted with biochar (100 kg ha−1 yr−1 biochar C) was applied. The grassland was harvested four times per year, based on the farm’s agricultural practices. Thereby, dry matter (DM) yield, N uptake, N use efficiency and the stand composition were investigated. The grassland had high DM yields with maximum values of 12.1 t ha−1 in 2022, 13.1 t ha−1 in 2023, 12.6 t ha−1 in 2024, and 12.5 t ha−1 in 2025. In the second and third trial years, the DM yields were significantly higher with slurry fertilization compared to the unfertilized control treatment. In the fourth year, all fertilized treatments had a significant higher DM yield than the Control treatment. However, no effect of biochar admixture to slurry or to composted manure on DM yield, N uptake and stand composition was observed. The initial soil organic carbon stocks (0–30 cm) varied from 93.5 t ha−1 to 270.9 t ha−1 between the plots. The application of biochar did not alter the soil organic carbon stocks after three trial years significantly. However, after four trial years a significantly higher C:N ratio in the 0–10 cm soil layer with biochar addition was observed. The results showed that the grassland soil and vegetation respond only slowly to changes in management.

11. 题目: Beyond universal application: dissecting the differential amelioration and carbon sequestration performance of biochar in chloride-, sulfate-, and soda saline-alkali soils
文章编号: N26041013
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Xiaoyu Ma, Bo Chen, Jun Liang, Lexin Shao, Xiaoyun Xu, Hao Qiu, Xinde Cao, Ling Zhao
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Biochar is widely recommended for ameliorating saline-alkali soil and enhancing soil organic carbon. However, its efficacy across different saline-alkali soils (chloride, sulfate, and soda-types) remains unclear. This study evaluated biochar’s amelioration and carbon sequestration performances on distinct saline-alkali soils. Results showed biochar addition significantly reduced electrical conductivity in chloride and sulfate saline-alkali soils from 4.55 and 4.54 mS cm−1 to 2.97 and 2.74 mS cm−1, respectively, accompanied by a marked promotion of plant growth. In contrast, it failed to improve soda saline-alkali soil properties or plant growth, indicating strong type-dependent efficacy. After the plant growth, biochar addition increased organic carbon in chloride, sulfate, and soda saline-alkali soils by an additional 27.23, 25.61, and 8.40 g kg−1 soil, respectively, which was 59.67%, 52.03%, and 14.67% higher than that in the controls without biochar. Biochar’s carbon sequestration capacity was strongest in chloride saline-alkali soil, intermediate in sulfate saline-alkali soil, and weakest in soda saline-alkali soil. Mechanistic analysis revealed that in chloride saline-alkali soil, biochar alleviated Cl− stress to halophytes, shifting metabolites from decomposable low-molecular-weight substances to stable high-molecular-weight substances. In sulfate saline-alkali soil, biochar-derived electrons were utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria, reducing organic acid mineralization and increasing their proportion to 18.34%. In soda saline-alkali soil, Ca2+ from biochar promoted CaCO3 precipitation, enhancing physical protection of organic carbon. This study challenges biochar’s universal applicability, showing not all saline‑alkali soils suit biochar amendment, thereby providing a critical scientific basis for formulating differentiated biochar remediation and carbon sequestration strategies tailored to specific saline‑alkali soil types.

12. 题目: Species richness increases vegetation carbon sequestration but decreases soil carbon storage in temperate grasslands of China
文章编号: N26041012
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Yingjia Su, Junyu Pu, Jing Huang, Zhixian Xing, Jinshan Du, Yinan Hong, Xinsheng Wang, Yuyang Wang, Kesi Liu
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Biodiversity is fundamental to sustaining ecosystem functions and regulating carbon storage, yet the mechanisms by which species richness influences carbon density across different vegetation fractions and soil carbon components remain poorly understood. Here, using a diversity simulation platform comprising four dominant forage species (Leymus chinensis, Elymus dahuricus, Festuca rubra, and Poa pratensis) in the steppe of northern China, we examined changes in vegetation and soil carbon densities under varying levels of species richness during the second growing season. Results showed that species richness significantly enhanced the carbon density of aboveground living herbage, plant litter, and belowground living roots, through complementarity effects. Moreover, different species contributed differently to the increase in the distribution of vegetation carbon density. Aboveground carbon accumulation was primarily driven by Leymus chinensis and Elymus dahuricus, whereas Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis played a dominant role in belowground carbon accumulation. However, increasing species richness led to a decline in soil organic carbon density, particularly that of particulate organic carbon (POC), possibly due to priming effects induced by high-quality litter inputs. In contrast, mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) density showed less pronounced variation across richness levels. It indicated that diverse plant communities might rapidly enhance vegetation biomass carbon, but soil carbon sequestration might require longer timeframes to offset initial losses. Our findings underscore the dual role of biodiversity as both a driver of vegetation carbon capture and a regulator of soil carbon turnover, with important implications for grassland management and climate change mitigation.

13. 题目: Soil carbon-enzyme relationships persist despite neutral long-term grazing effects in the northern Great Plains
文章编号: N26041011
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Kurt O Reinhart, Sèwanou Frimence A Tossou, Matthew J Rinella, Jed O Eberly, Devan McGranahan, Hilaire S Sanni Worogo, Richard C Waterman, Lance T Vermeire
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Livestock grazing is a dominant land use in dryland ecosystems around the world, and grazing can have widely varying impacts on soil carbon dynamics and microbial activity. Interactions between soil organic carbon (SOC) levels and extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) are varied, and the response of each to grazing management is poorly understood. We measured SOC and EEA of eight enzymes in the top 10 cm of soil in a 12-year study of five bovine grazing treatments in semi-arid prairie in eastern Montana, USA. We observed that surface SOC and EEA were more sensitive to initial soil conditions than long-term grazing treatments. Conversely, final SOC and total cellulase activity were positively correlated. Furthermore, change in topsoil SOC over the study was positively correlated with the ratio of carbon- to nitrogen-dissolving hydrolytic enzymes. Despite the lack of grazing management effects on topsoil carbon and soil EEA, we detected complex relationships between SOC and enzyme activities demonstrating the need for further investigation.

14. 题目: Transforming iron ore tailings into technosols: Highly biodegradable plant mulch accelerates mineral weathering and organo-mineral association
文章编号: N26041010
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Lachlan M Robertson, Songlin Wu, Fang You, Narottam Saha, Gordon Southam, Ting-Shan Chan, Longbin Huang
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Organic matter amendments are required in accelerating mineral transformation and early soil-forming processes in tailings, by enhancing microbially driven mineral weathering, geochemical stabilization and aggregate formation, but the role of mulch biodegradability has remained unclear. In this study, we evaluated how mulch biodegradability regulates these processes in alkaline Fe-ore tailings. Highly biodegradable lucerne hay (LH) and sugarcane mulch (SM) rapidly altered tailings' mineralogical, geochemical, and microbial properties, producing far stronger responses than lignin-rich pinewood chips (PC). LH and SM significantly increased prokaryotic species richness (16S rDNA) and shifted microbial community composition, driving faster mulch decomposition and rapid porewater acidification (pH 9.1 to 5.9–6.4 within 24 h), with sharp increases in dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen. Elevated organic acid production—dominated by acetic acid—further lowered solid-phase pH to 8.1–8.5, accelerated weathering of biotite-like phyllosilicates, and releasing substantial quantities of soluble cations, particularly K (>3000 ppm). Enhanced mineral dissolution in the LH and SM treatments promoted Fe-oxalate formation and organo-mineral association, leading to pronounced microaggregate development. In contrast, PC induced weaker microbial activity, organic acid production, and aggregate development, than LH and SM. These findings demonstrate that mulch biodegradability governs microbial growth and activity and mineral weathering, thereby governing the rate of early soil formation in Fe-ore tailings. This helps to inform the design of mulch mixtures that optimise tailings' transformation and soil development while mitigating risks such as acute K phytotoxicity during plant establishment.

15. 题目: Contrasting organic matter signatures reveal the vulnerability of carbon storage in semiarid mangroves
文章编号: N26041009
期刊: Organic Geochemistry
作者: Hélène Plihon, Rozane Marins, Isabelle Kowalewski, Stéphane Mounier
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: We analyzed sediment organic matter (OM) and carbon stocks in two semiarid mangroves in northeastern Brazil, Pacoti and Jaguaribe, along a river gradient. Pacoti, a protected site, contrasts with Jaguaribe, impacted by human activities – shrimp farming, agriculture, and urban effluents. Sediments cores were characterized for granulometry, OM (%LOI), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, UV–Vis and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy, and Rock-Eval pyrolysis (HI, OI -Hydrogen and Oxygen Index, I, R indices). Pacoti exhibits higher mean C content (2.16%; 0.44–5.80), higher C/N ratios (21.75; 13.6–28.7), high HI, and low OI, consistent with predominantly autochthonous OM from mangrove vegetation. Jaguaribe sediments have lower C content (1.2%; 0.02–2.46) despite similar OM levels, lower C/N ratios (15.1; 10.7–29.8), low HI, and high OI, reflecting carbon-depleted, river-derived OM influenced by anthropogenic inputs and a higher river-to-mangrove area ratio. Rock-Eval I and R ratios and 3D fluorescence indicate greater OM stability and humification with depth in Pacoti than in Jaguaribe. Consequently, Pacoti stores up to five times more carbon than Jaguaribe (85.8 vs. 16.4 MgC ha−1), with more persistent storage over time, challenging Jaguaribe’s role as a carbon sink. Jaguaribe carbon accumulates downstream in finer sediments, making it vulnerable to erosion. These results emphasize the critical role of OM source, stability, and sediment granulometry in determining carbon stocks. Accurate blue carbon assessments in mangrove sediments must integrate OM stability and granulometry analysis in addition to carbon content.

16. 题目: Sulfate-form anion exchange resins in mixed beds for the removal of NOM and PFAS from drinking water
文章编号: N26041008
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Hadia Terro, Mirna Alameddine, Zhen Liu, Sigrid Peldszus, Madjid Mohseni, Benoit Barbeau
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Anion exchange resins (AERs) are increasingly applied for the simultaneous removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from surface and groundwater; however, conventional chloride-form AERs rapidly lose capacity due to their high affinity for sulfate (SO₄2−), which dominates anion competition in natural waters. To address this limitation, AERs were converted to the sulfate form by pre-saturating exchange sites with SO₄2−, thereby modulating ion-exchange equilibria and selectivity toward target contaminants. This study presents the first long-term pilot-scale evaluation of sulfate-form AERs for combined NOM and PFAS removal and introduces a mixed-bed configuration combining polyacrylic (PA) and polystyrene (PS) resins to exploit complementary sorption affinity. Results demonstrate that both counter-ion form and polymer backbone strongly influence competitive adsorption behavior. Sulfate-form resins consistently outperformed their chloride-form counterparts, with PS-SO₄2− exhibiting enhanced PFAS and NOM uptake through combined hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, while PA-SO₄2− preferentially removed high-molecular-weight NOM fractions. The mixed-bed configuration achieved 54% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and 80% total PFAS removal over 150,000 bed volumes, corresponding to 1.4-fold and 3.5-fold improvements in DOC and PFAS removal, respectively, compared to single-bed and PFAS-specific resins. LC-OCD, principal component analysis, and FTIR analyses indicate reduced competition at exchange sites and cooperative adsorption behavior. These findings demonstrate that sulfate-form and mixed-bed AERs enable enhanced selectivity and sustained performance under multicomponent conditions, providing a mechanistically informed approach for advanced ion-exchange process design.

17. 题目: Synergistic antifouling and organic removal using Fe/N co-doped biochar-modified ceramic membranes via in situ peroxymonosulfate activation
文章编号: N26041007
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Rong Liu, Ye Zhu, Peng Ren, Jinge Fan, Yadong Wang, Mengwen Liu, Yabo Shang, Lu Xu, Xue Bai, Xuan Shi, Xin Jin, Pengkang Jin
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: In this study, catalytic ceramic membranes (CMs) were modified with N-doped biochar (N-C-CM) and Fe/N co-doped biochar (Fe/N-C-CM) to mitigate membrane fouling and improve pollutant removal during advanced wastewater treatment. The developed catalytic CM filtration system combined peroxymonosulfate activation with filtration, enabling in situ oxidation for enhanced organic removal and membrane self-cleaning. Compared with pristine CMs and N-C-CM, Fe/N-C-CM demonstrated superior pollutant removal efficiency and anti-fouling performance. Under optimal conditions, Fe/N-C-CM achieved significantly higher removal efficiencies for the model foulants, namely sodium alginate (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Specifically, Fe/N-C-CM removed 55.85% of SA and 83.13% of BSA. In contrast, N-C-CM removed 23.71% of SA and 54.04% of BSA. Additionally, Fe/N-C-CM suppressed pore blockage and cake layer formation, thereby effectively mitigating both reversible and irreversible fouling. In the N-C-CM system, the primary reactive oxygen species were SO4−•/•OH. In Fe/N-C-CM, the dominant reactive species shifted to singlet oxygen (1O2). The highly selective 1O2-mediated reaction facilitated efficient pollutant mineralization. To assess its practical feasibility, Fe/N-C-CM was used to treat secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. Under optimal conditions, Fe/N-C-CM achieved 68.45% total organic carbon removal and reduced the turbidity of the treated effluent to undetectable levels. Notably, Fe/N-C-CM maintained high flux and fouling resistance over multiple cycles, indicating robust stability and effective self-cleaning. This study provides a sustainable approach combining advanced oxidation with membrane technology for efficient wastewater reclamation.

18. 题目: Revelation of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on nitrogen and sulfur metabolism balance in pyrite-loaded biochar denitrogen system treating aquaculture wastewater
文章编号: N26041006
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Qirui Zhang, Xiaoming Luo, Gang Peng, Shiyang Zhang, Siyuan Wu, Bolin Huang, Long He, Zhaojun Gu, Xingguo Liu
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Hydraulic retention time (HRT) is a critical operational parameter influencing bioreactor efficacy, yet its impact on a co-calcined pyrite-loaded biochar mixotrophic system remains underexplored. In this study, a novel co-calcined pyrite-biochar composite was used to construct bioreactors for treating catfish aquaculture wastewater at an HRT of 4.8, 6, 8, or 12 h. The aim was to elucidate how HRT affects nitrogen and phosphorus removal, microbial community succession, and functional gene dynamics, as well as the interactions among these factors. Accordingly, optimal performance was observed at an HRT of 8 h, when NH4+-N, NO3--N, total nitrogen, and PO43--P achieved percentage removal of 92.46 ± 2.40%, 90.16 ± 5.42%, 86.00 ± 4.31%, and 90.90 ± 1.75%, respectively. Meanwhile, COD removal also peaked at 8 h HRT, reaching 70.04 ± 4.24%, while sulfate production stabilized around 115.62 ± 10.98 mg/L. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) reached maximum levels of 41.89 μg/g VSS, enhancing biofilm stability. Microbial community analysis revealed Proteobacteria and Thiobacillus as dominant taxa driving autotrophic-heterotrophic synergistic denitrification. Functionally, nirD, narG/H, cys, and dsrA/B were favored at HRT = 8 h, whereas iron-related genes responded in a differentiated manner: short HRT enhanced Fe2+ transport-related functions, while long HRT favored Fe3+ transport. Overall, these results indicate that HRT = 8 h provided the most favorable balance among nitrogen removal, sulfur conversion, phosphorus capture, and microbial activity. This research provides theoretical insights for HRT setup among aquaculture wastewater treatment by the coupled pyrite-biochar mixotrophic system.

19. 题目: Microplastics alter soil carbon sequestration pathways: Temporal shifts from microbial necromass to plant lignin dominance
文章编号: N26041005
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Runze Feng, Hong Yu, Wenbing Tan
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: As an emerging pollutant, microplastics (MPs) exert complex yet poorly understood effects on the source and stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC). This study employed polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA) as representative conventional and biodegradable polymers, respectively, explore its impacts on soil carbon cycling after 120 d and 360 d of exposure. Through an in-situ field incubation experiment, we traced SOC dynamics using amino sugars (microbial necromass biomarkers) and lignin phenols (plant-derived carbon biomarkers). The results indicated that 120 d exposure to low MPs concentrations (0.5%–1.0%, w/w) stimulated microbial biomass, whereas higher concentrations (2.0%–2.5%, w/w) exhibited inhibitory effects. 120 d MPs input notably enhanced the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon, with PLA exerting a stronger stimulatory effect than PE, and simultaneously accelerated the degradation of lignin phenols, collectively leading to an increase in SOC content. After 360 d, although microbial biomass remained higher than CK, the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon was not further enhanced, and in some treatments declined relative to 120 d levels. Instead, a marked increase in lignin phenols was observed, especially under PLA treatment (by 44.5% to 125.9%), indicating a shift in carbon sequestration pathway. Overall, our findings demonstrate that SOC turnover is co-regulate by MPs type mass concentration and exposure duration, where short-term SOC accrual is governed microbial turnover, whereas long-term SOC stabilization relies on plant-derived lignin components retention. This study provides critical insights into the soil carbon sequestration mechanisms under MPs contamination and elucidates environmental implications of biodegradable plastics in terrestrial ecosystems.

20. 题目: Dual-Functional Z-Scheme Bi4O5I2-CaIn2S4 Supported on Peach-Core-Derived Biochar for Visible-Light-Driven CO2 Reduction and Photocatalytic Degradation of PFAS Pollutants
文章编号: N26041004
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Ismail Marouani, Ali Alkhafaji, Y M Fahmy, Pradeep Kumar Singh, Ibrahm Mahariq, Shamsiddin Nizamkhodjaev, Mukhtorjon Karimov, Dilfuza Begmatova, Reda A Haggam
更新时间: 2026-04-10
摘要: Designing multifunctional photocatalysts that integrate CO2 conversion and the degradation of persistent pollutants under visible-light irradiation is crucial for simultaneously addressing energy and environmental challenges. In this work, a dual-functional Z-scheme Bi4O5I2–CaIn2S4/BC (BOI–CIS/BC) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using peach-core-derived biochar (BC) as a conductive support. The optimized composite (BOI–CIS/0.2BC) exhibited superior visible-light-driven activity toward both CO2 reduction and degradation of persistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Structural, optical, and surface analyses confirmed the formation of an intimate heterointerface between Bi4O5I2 and CaIn2S4, with BC enhancing charge transport and light absorption. The composite achieved a CO evolution rate of 610 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 96% PFOA degradation within 80min, greatly surpassing the individual components. Electrochemical and ESR analyses indicated charge separation via a Z-scheme mechanism. LC–MS analysis identified stepwise defluorination intermediates, confirming PFOA mineralization. The photocatalyst retained over 85% activity after five cycles, demonstrating excellent structural stability. Furthermore, it showed broad-spectrum degradation toward various antibiotics and pharmaceuticals. This work highlights a sustainable strategy for integrating biomass-derived carbon with Z-scheme semiconductors, enabling efficient simultaneous CO2 conversion and PFAS degradation under visible light for environmental remediation and energy applications.