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141. 题目: A review on As-contaminated soil remediation using waste biomass feedstock-based biochar and metal-modified biochar
文章编号: N25031003
期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
作者: Xiaoxian Yuan, Shifeng Li, Fei Yang, Siyuan Wang, Shiji Bie, Zhipu Wang, Hongzhen Zhang, Jian Liu, Jiabin Zhou, Xinwei Wang, Dan Liu, Chen Feng
更新时间: 2025-03-10
摘要: Arsenic (As) is a carcinogen that threatens ecosystems and human health. Due to its high adsorption, and microporosity, biochar is widely available for soil remediation. This review significantly summarizes the current status of waste biomass feedstock-based biochar and metal-modified biochar for As-contaminated soil remediation. Firstly, this paper briefly describes the sources and hazards of As in soil, and secondly, lists eleven feedstocks for preparing biochar. Agricultural, domestic, and forestry wastes provide a plentiful source for biochar preparation. Single or multi-metal modifications such as iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and cerium (Ce) can effectively improve the Arsenite [As(III)] and arsenate [As(V)] adsorption capacity of biochar. The primary mechanisms of As removal by waste biomass feedstock-based biochar and metal-modified biochar include ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, surface complexation, redox transformation, and H-bond formation. In conclusion, this review presents an in-depth discussion on both waste biomass feedstocks and metal modification, providing constructive suggestions for the future development of biochar to remediate As-contaminated soil.

142. 题目: Biochar mediated differential regulation of oxidative stress and energy supply in Bacillus subtilis and Rhizoctonia solani
文章编号: N25031002
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Zihe Deng, Jianwen Wang, Jonathan A Bennett, Wenjun Shao, Ziyuan An, Yanhui He, Fei Tian, Zhansheng Wu
更新时间: 2025-03-10
摘要: Biochar (BC) significantly influences microbial metabolism, but its contrasting effects on different microorganisms remain unclear. This research explores the distinct regulatory mechanisms of BC on B. subtilis and R. solani. BC, consisting of micro-BC and nano-BC, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress. Nano-BC can penetrate cells, leading to damage. In B. subtilis, BC initially inhibits growth, triggering endospore formation to expel nano-BC. B. subtilis secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which aggregated nano-BC, enhanced cell adhesion, and reduced intracellular ROS (from 2.0 to 1.5-fold), promoting growth later with BC’s nutrient support. Conversely, R. solani cannot block nano-BC entry, activating mitophagy and suppressing genes like ATP1,2 involved in oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid cycle. This results in ATP deficiency, collapses antioxidant system, raises ROS (from 3.9 to 4.5-fold), decreases cell survival, and leads to cell death. These findings highlight BC’s selective microbial regulation and its potential for safe agricultural and environmental use.

143. 题目: The impact of natural organic matter on the aggregation, dissolution and sedimentation of cadmium telluride quantum dots and their interacting mechanism
文章编号: N25031001
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Jing Wang, Pengxiang Zhu, Meiyu Li, Rui Lu, Xinping Yu, Lezun Wang, Lining Zhao
更新时间: 2025-03-10
摘要: This study investigated how natural organic matter (NOM) affected the aggregation, dissolution and sedimentation of cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) in artificial freshwater and seawater, with a focus on the impact of NOM species and the mechanism of CdTe QDs-NOM interactions. Results found that NOM dispersed CdTe QDs aggregates by providing electrosteric stabilization and promoted the dissolution by facilitating their contact in most cases. Among the tested NOM, fulvic acid (FA) was the most effective for releasing Cd²⁺ in freshwater due to the strongest binding affinity complexing with CdTe QDs. The sedimentation rate of CdTe QDs was accelerated by humic acid (HA) or FA but was slowed by bovine serum albumin (BSA). Isothermal titration calorimetric experiments suggested that CdTe QDs interact with three species of NOM primarily through hydrophobic forces. Approximately five units of HA and three units of BSA bind to one unit of CdTe QDs with the binding affinity of 5.24 × 10⁴ M⁻¹ and 2.40 × 10³ M⁻¹, respectively. While about eight units of CdTe QDs and one unit of CdTe QDs bind to one unit of FA for the two binding sites with the binding affinity of 1.62 × 10⁶ M⁻¹and 2.16 × 10³ M⁻¹. Fourier transform infrared, UV–vis adsorption and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that QDs-HA interactions affecting HA structure were mainly assigned to the aromatic skeleton of HA and were dominated by the nano-form of CdTe QDs rather than Cd²⁺. This study is helpful for better understanding the fate and transport of CdTe QDs in aquatic environment.

144. 题目: Investigating the storage of organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in pond sediment
文章编号: N25030911
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Elmar M Schmaltz, Elisabeth Peham, Hannah Forsthuber, Matthias Konzett, Thomas Brunner, David Ramler, Peter Strauss, Christian Bauer
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要:

Purpose

The present study evaluates the sediment mass and storage of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in a managed agricultural pond, representative for ponds situated in Central Europe. The study is designed to enhance understanding of the functioning of such ponds as nutrient sinks and the capacity to retain TOC, TN and TP within the pond's sediment layer.

Methods

In order to assess the distribution of sediments and the storage of nutrients, orthomosaics and digital elevation models (DEMs) were generated from imagery recorded by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in 2021 and 2022. The thickness of the sediment was measured at 174 points over nine diving campaigns, with the volume estimated comparing three interpolation methods. Sediment core samples were analysed to determine their physical and chemical composition. In addition, water samples were collected from the inlets and outlets to trace potential pathways of nutrients.

Results

The pond was found to store 330.9 t ha⁻¹ TOC, 16 t ha⁻¹ TN and 0.8 t ha⁻¹ TP with an sediment mass of 1,460 t ha⁻¹. The DEM comparison indicates areas of sediment loss and accumulation, with the overall sediment mass remaining stable. The vertical distribution of nutrients indicated the presence of layered sediment deposition, which suggests a complex history of sediment and nutrient retention.

Conclusion

The pond acts as a nutrient sink, but sediment and nutrients can be temporarily resuspended and lost to receiving waters during fish harvest. Further research should explore sediment connectivity and nutrient pathways into ponds in agricultural landscapes.

145. 题目: Sand dune fixation enhances the contribution of microbial necromass carbon to soil organic carbon: A case study of Mu Us Sandy Land in China
文章编号: N25030910
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Qing Qu, Zhen Wang, Hongwei Xu, Rentao Liu, Minggang Wang, Sha Xue
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: Restoration of vegetation, soil, and biodiversity is key crucial for managing desertified ecosystems; however, whether desertification restoration promotes the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon (NC) remains unclear. In this study, four dune types (mobile, semi-mobile, semi-fixed, and fixed) were selected to represent different desertification restoration stages, and the accumulation mechanism of microbial NC and its contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC) were analyzed. The results showed that since the plant diversity, soil water content, and microbial activity of semi-mobile, semi-fixed, and fixed dunes were higher than those of mobile dunes, the SOC in semi-mobile (2.63 g kg−1), semi-fixed (2.98 g kg−1), and fixed (3.82 g kg−1) dunes were significantly higher than that in mobile dune (0.98 g kg−1). Moreover, sand dune fixation promoted microbial NC accumulation and increased microbial NC/SOC ratio but decreased fungal NC/bacterial NC ratio. In addition, our study showed that plant diversity is the main factor influencing microbial NC, which has direct and indirect effects on microbial NC accumulation. In conclusion, sand dune fixation enhances microbial NC accumulation and its contribution to SOC, and the change is driven mainly by plant diversity. This study enhances our understanding of the microbial NC accumulation mechanism during dune restoration.

146. 题目: Accelerate degradation of tetracycline via persulfate activation over S,N-Fe co-doped banana peel biochar: The role of pyrolysis temperature and 1O2 evolution
文章编号: N25030909
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Jiahui Liu, Junfeng Zhu, Qing Gao, Xiangchu Zeng, Qingzhu Zeng, Jiujiu Xiong, Guanghua Zhang, Yuhua Niu, Haijiao Xie
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: The development of new non-metallic modified iron biochar catalysts is of great significance. A series of sulfur-nitrogen and Fe co-doped banana peel biochar (S,N-Fe@BC) were prepared by precursor blending-pyrolysis process at different pyrolysis temperatures, and S,N-Fe@BC was used to activate persulfate (PS) for the degradation of tetracycline (TC) in water. The results showed that increasing the pyrolysis temperature in a certain range was conducive to enhancing the performance of S,N-Fe@BC-activated PS. S,N-Fe@BC-900 ℃ exhibited the highest TC degradation performance due to high contents of pyrrolic N, Fe²⁺ and abundant pore structure. The abundant pyrrolic N enhanced the electron transfer ability of S,N-Fe@BC-900 ℃. The TC degradation efficiency (the initial concentration of TC was 20 mg/L) achieved 90.3 % within 60 min under optimal conditions, the corresponding rate constant was 0.0322 min⁻¹ (first order kinetic model). The XPS analysis displayed that oxygen vacancy, pyrrolic N, thiophene sulfur and Fe²⁺ were involved in PS activation, and thiophene sulfur promoted the regeneration of Fe²⁺. ¹O₂ and ${\mathrm{O}}_2^{·-}$${\mathrm{O}}_2^{·-}$ played a major role in S,N-Fe@BC-900 ℃/PS system, and ¹O₂ was generated through the route (S₂ ${\mathrm{O}}_8^{2-}\to$${\mathrm{O}}_8^{2-}\to$ S ${\mathrm{O}}_4^{·-}\to$${\mathrm{O}}_4^{·-}\to$·OH $\to {\mathrm{O}}_2^{·-}\to$$\to {\mathrm{O}}_2^{·-}\to$ ¹O₂), the ·OH $\to {\mathrm{O}}_2^{·-}$$\to {\mathrm{O}}_2^{·-}$ is rate-determining step of ¹O₂ generation. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation results indicated that S,N-doping can enhance the activation ability of catalyst for PS. Finally, the potential degradation pathways of TC were proposed based on DFT calculation and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The research provided a theoretical basis for the development of new non-metallic modified iron-biochar catalysts.

147. 题目: The Contribution of Black Carbon-Containing Particles to PM2.5: Variability, Drivers, and Impacts
文章编号: N25030908
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Yuxuan Zhang, Jinbo Wang, Nana Wu, Xiaoran Ouyang, Guo Li, Yafang Cheng, Qiang Zhang, Aijun Ding, Hang Su
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: Atmospheric black carbon (BC) particles play an important role in air pollution, climate change, and human health. Evaluating BC’s impacts by model simulation requires an understanding of the distribution of other aerosol species between those containing BC and those free of BC particles during the atmospheric aging process. Previous studies observed a large variability in the mass fraction of BC-containing particles in PM_2.5 (F_{BC-containing}), complicating the determination of their impacts. In this work, we conducted field observations in various polluted environments across China for process-level understanding of F_{BC-containing}. We find that the variability in F_{BC-containing}, ranging from 10 to 90%, can be elucidated by the concept of atmospheric oxidation capacity (AOC). The contrast between observations of F_{BC-containing} during haze events is determined by whether the initial aging of freshly emitted BC is limited by daytime AOC levels. We quantify and parametrize F_{BC-containing} by resolving BC aging under different AOC conditions, indicating efficient formation of secondary aerosol on BC-containing particles when daytime-average concentrations of O_x (i.e., O₃ + NO₂) exceed 80 μg m^–3. Our study provides valuable insights into BC mixing state representations under different environments, facilitating accurate evaluation of BC’s impacts in atmospheric models.

148. 题目: Cyanobacterial biochar modified ceramic membrane for in-situ filtration and peroxymonosulfate activation: Focusing on interface adjustment and enhanced anti-fouling
文章编号: N25030907
期刊: Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
作者: Kunlun Yang, Dengyang Wang, Yuxuan Yang, Youxiang Pan, Mengsi Wu, Hengfeng Miao
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: In this study, a novel catalytic ceramic membrane (ITC-2-800@CM) was modified with Fe/N/S doped cyanobacterial biochar catalysts to adjust its surface morphology and property to significantly enhance the organic pollutants removal performance and membrane anti-fouling ability. Specifically, the biochar modification further increased the roughness and hydrophobicity of pristine ceramic membrane, apparently improving the adsorption capacity of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) causing membrane fouling. Although sacrificing partial membrane permeability, based on the strong peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation performance of cyanobacterial biochar, abundant reactive oxygen species were generated and degraded the organic pollutants adsorbed on the surface and pore of ITC-2-800@CM. Hence, the efficient synergistic effect between in-situ adsorption, filtration and PMS activation further enhanced hydroxychloroquine removal and membrane anti-fouling performance, especially under a long operation. The actual lake water treatment experiments demonstrated that the ITC-2-800@CM-PMS system could stably remove more than 90% of HCQ and reduce the reversible and irreversible membrane fouling resistance by 81.57% and 60.68% as compared to pristine CM/PMS system. Furthermore, the treated effluent showed the significant reduction in total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon and UV254 concentrations, highlighting the high applicability of ITC-2-800@CM-PMS system in practical polluted water treatment. This improvement not only, but also decreases the need for frequent membrane cleaning during water treatment, thereby reducing operational costs. This research not only provided a easy method for ceramic membrane modification to extend its operational lifespan, but also supplied deeper insights for the synergistic effect between in-situ filtration and advanced oxidation.

149. 题目: Microbial inoculants addition increases microbial necromass but decreases plant lignin contribution to soil organic carbon in rice paddies
文章编号: N25030906
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Quanyi Hu, Xuelin Zhang, Ziwei Zhang, Ruofei Wang, Cheng Feng, Yingxin Xie, Shaojie Chen, Tianqi Liu
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: Microbial inoculants have the potential to facilitate the degradation of crop straw, thereby significantly affecting soil carbon (C) cycling and storage in agricultural ecosystems. However, the specific mechanisms by which microbial inoculants affect the accumulation of microbial- and plant -derived C in agricultural soils remain inadequately understood. To address this knowledge gap, field trials involving microbial inoculants were conducted at two experimental sites located in the Jianghan Plain and Songnen Plain. The objective was to investigate changes in soil microbial communities, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial biomarkers, plant biomarkers, as well as mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC). The addition of microbial inoculants increased substantially the soil bacterial abundance and associated extracellular enzyme activities. Additionally, the addition of microbial inoculants accelerated the degradation of lignin phenols in the soil while reducing the contribution of plant lignin to soil organic carbon (SOC). Moreover, they elevated both microbial necromass C content and its contribution to SOC. Although the addition of microbial inoculants had no significant effect on POC content, it increased the MAOC content. Notably, at the Songnen Plain, the addition of microbial inoculants led to a significant increase in SOC content. In contrast, no comparable effect on SOC was observed at the Jianghan Plain. Furthermore, the contribution of microbial necromass C to SOC was greater at the Jianghan Plain compared to the Songnen Plain, which was attributable to the higher mean annual temperature at the Jianghan Plain. Overall, the addition of microbial inoculants facilitated the degradation of plant lignin by enhancing soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities while concurrently increasing microbial necromass C and driving dynamic alterations in SOC. These findings underscore the potential implications of microbial inoculants for sustainable agricultural practices aimed at improving soil health.

150. 题目: Micron-engineered phosphorus-rich biochar: A strategy for mitigating metalloid mobility, enhancing bacterial biomass, and improving rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality in antimony mining regions
文章编号: N25030905
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Hanbo Chen, Jianhong Li, Meng Li, Jiayi Li, Ajit K Sarmah, Xiaokai Zhang, Yurong Gao, Zheng Fang, Xing Yang, Yuxue Liu, Chongjun Chen, Shengdao Shan, Hailong Wang
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: Soil contamination with arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) poses significant challenges to agricultural productivity and human health. Developing effective remediation strategies is critical to mitigate these contaminants and ensure sustainable crop production. In this study, three ball-milled phosphorus-rich biochars (BMPBs) were prepared based on biochar-to-ball mass ratios of 1:60 (BMPB-1), 1:80 (BMPB-2), and 1:100 (BMPB-3). The remediation potential of BMPBs in the soil-rice systems contaminated with As and Sb was first assessed. Compared to pristine biochar, BMPBs demonstrated a higher specific surface area (16.7 vs. 66.4–98.1 m² g⁻¹), enhanced intensity of C–O–C bonds, and introduction of new hydroxyl (–OH) functional groups. BMPB addition decreased the concentration of soil-available As by 21.4 %-25.5 %, while only BMPB-3 treatment reduced soil-available Sb concentration by 14.4 %. Furthermore, BMPB-3 treatment significantly increased the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) concentration of Gram-negative bacteria (67.4 %) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (31.3 %), compared to the control. BMPB-3 was the most effective in decreasing As/Sb uptake by plants, which could be attributed to the enhanced formation of iron plaques in rice roots. For instance, BMPB-3 treatment reduced As and Sb accumulation in rice grains by 54.6 % and 61.3 %, respectively. Additionally, all BMPB treatments mitigated oxidative stress in rice roots by reducing malondialdehyde and proline contents due to the activation of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. Partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) fitting results highlight iron plaques as a crucial factor influencing the bioavailability, translocation, and accumulation of As and Sb within soil-rice systems. The findings demonstrate the potential of BMPB-3 as a promising soil amendment for managing As and Sb contamination, offering a practical solution for improving soil health and crop safety.

151. 题目: Addressing Data Handling Shortcomings in Machine Learning Studies on Biochar for Heavy Metal Remediation
文章编号: N25030904
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Destika Cahyana, Ho Jun Jang
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) technologies have significantly enhanced their applications in environmental sciences, particularly in the domains of soil and water remediation. This paper reviews recent studies that employ ML to optimize the use of biochar for heavy metal adsorption. It highlights critical data handling shortcomings, such as data leakage and inadequate data splits, which potentially undermine the reliability and generalizability of research findings. This paper specifically addresses challenges related to data leakage and improper splitting of data sets, emphasizing the necessity for rigorous data management practices. Data in this context arise from a compilation of experimental studies and are typically grouped based on specific experimental conditions and biochar types. Such grouping leads to non-independence among data points within the same group due to shared characteristics and experimental conditions. The paper discusses methodologies to enhance data integrity and improve the representativeness of ML applications in environmental science. Through these discussions, it aims to guide future research toward developing more robust, reliable, and applicable ML-driven strategies for environmental remediation.

152. 题目: Microbial strategies regulate organic carbon accumulation in saline paddy soils: A millennium chronosequence
文章编号: N25030903
期刊: Catena
作者: Dan Cao, Xiangxiang Wang, Yi Miao, Chuanfa Wu, Haoqing Zhang, Shuang Wang, Feng Wang, Lin Chen, Chao Liang, Yakov Kuzyakov, Jianping Chen, Tida Ge, Zhenke Zhu
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: Microorganisms play a crucial role in the accumulation of soil organic matter through microbial residue deposition. This study investigates how microbial life strategies—high growth yield (Y), resource acquisition (A), and stress tolerance (S)—affect microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in rice-cultivated saline soils over a millennium. We observed a significant increase in SOC with cultivation duration: from 1.8–5.9 g·kg−1 after 50 years to 4.4–9.5 g·kg−1 after 1000 years. Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC), as indicators of salinity, decreased during cultivation, while available N, P nutrients and the SOC followed an opposite trend. Initially, high salinity levels and low nutrient content hindered microbial growth and activity, thereby limiting MNC accumulation. In the early stages of soil cultivation (50 years) under salt stress (EC > 950 μm·cm−1), the S-strategists (e.g., Lysobacter, Hydrogenophaga) were favored, resulting in the lowest accumulation of microbial necromass. Between 200 and 500 years of cultivation, A-strategists (e.g., Polaromonas, Cavicella) became dominant, increasing production of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes for nutrient acquisition. After 1000 years, reduced salt stress and increased nutrient availability led to a shift to Y-strategists (e.g., Rhodanobacter, Nectriaceae), characterized by the highest level of microbial necromass and its contribution to the SOC pool. In conclusion, soil microorganisms shifted from S- to A-strategists and later to Y-strategists with decreasing salinity and increasing nutrient contents, resulting in greater MNC accumulation and SOC sequestration after a millennium of rice cultivation.

153. 题目: Combined effects of cropping alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the soil pore structure, microbial communities and organic carbon fractions in saline soils
文章编号: N25030902
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Dan Zhu, Lei Sun, Lina Mao, Jingyang Li, Bohan Yan, Bin Li, Xin Li
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: Soil salinity is a global environmental issue that poses a serious threat to soil quality harming the terrestrial ecosystems, and the Songnen Plain in Northeast China exemplifies saline-alkaline soils. Alfalfa has played an important role in the improvement of saline and alkaline land in the Songnen Plain, which has significantly increased the agricultural production potential of saline and alkaline land. However, limited studies have investigated the specific effects of alfalfa on soil aggregate pore structure, microbial community composition, and soil carbon content, which are critical factors in soil restoration. Accordingly, using high-throughput sequencing and computed tomography (CT) to examine how alfalfa cropping impacts these key soil properties, specifically, soil aggregate porosity, microbial diversity, and soil organic carbon content. The findings revealed that cropping alfalfa significantly increased the porosity of the topsoil, especially the increase in macropores (P> 100 μm) was more pronounced. Topsoil organic carbon content and its carbon fractions were significantly increased, with soil organic carbon (SOC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), readily oxidizable carbon (ROC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were all increased. Alfalfa cropping also enhanced microbial community structure, as evidenced by larger and more interconnected microbial co-occurrence networks. In the topsoil, the number of nodes increased by 787 and 803, while the number of edges grew by 1067 and 8186 in bacterial and fungal networks, respectively. Similarly, in the subsoil, bacterial and fungal networks exhibited increases of 1819 and 289 nodes, and 11,422 and 2372 edges, respectively. These complex networks demonstrated greater resilience to saline-alkaline stress, with keystone microbial species influenced by organic carbon fractions driving community assembly primarily through stochastic processes. The study also highlighted significant vertical spatial variability, with alfalfa cropping having a more pronounced effect on topsoil compared to subsoil. In addition, cropping alfalfa improved the physical and chemical properties of saline soils, enhanced soil aggregate stability, increased macropore proportions, boosted microbial diversity, and contributed to the ecological restoration of saline soils. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which alfalfa improves saline soils and offer a promising approach for the restoration and sustainable management of saline-alkaline ecosystems.

154. 题目: Polarity and fluorescent fractions of manure dissolved organic matter could affect differently the adsorption and desorption of antibiotics in soils
文章编号: N25030901
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Jin-Sheng Hu, Hui-Yun Xiao, Xiang-Yu Tang, Hao Yan, Zhuo Chen, Jian-Hua Cheng, Xiao-Yu Li
更新时间: 2025-03-09
摘要: The impacts of manure dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the adsorption and desorption of veterinary antibiotics in soils have not been fully explored. In this study, the effects of pig manure (PM) DOM and its hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions on antibiotic adsorption and subsequent desorption in three topsoils of bamboo stands under different fertilization conditions (control, with heavy manure application, and with heavy manure application suspended) were examined by batch experiments, with the aid of excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The addition of 100 mg-C L−1 PM DOM was found to increase the adsorption (in terms of the Freundlich affinity coefficient (Kf)) of florfenicol by 71.27%–132.23% but decrease the adsorption of doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethazine by 41.67%–94.78%, 98.09%–99.99%, and 22.93%–67.20%, respectively. These effects resulted mainly from the increases in solution pH by PM DOM addition and preferential adsorption of PM DOM's protein-like fraction to the soils. Effects of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions of PM DOM were antibiotic and soil specific, except the increases in adsorption Kf of florfenicol in all tested soils. Among the four antibiotics, sulfamethazine exhibited the lowest Kf values in the soils with PM DOM addition during both the adsorption and desorption processes, implying that sulfamethazine may be the most leachable antibiotic in the field. The results of this study indicate that it is essential to consider the varying effects of the aromaticity and hydrophobicity of manure DOM in assessing the leaching risk of veterinary antibiotics in manured soils.

155. 题目: Nitrogen-removed organic matters from cyanobacterial decomposition promote the release of nitrogen from lake sediment
文章编号: N25030811
期刊: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
作者: Mengmeng Wang, Yixuan Zhan, Chenyu Wang, Xiaohua Song, Lin Gan, Hao Lu, Liuyan Yang
更新时间: 2025-03-08
摘要:

Cyanobacterial blooms, which carry a lot of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), have emerged as one of the most severe environmental issues in freshwater ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the effect of organic matters released during cyanobacterial decomposition in promoting N release from lake sediments that remain underexplored. An essential step is to eliminate the impact of the N contributions from cyanobacteria when evaluating sedimentary N release. The response surface methodology (RSM) was developed to optimize the struvite precipitation model, and the results indicated that 1.3 of Mg/N, 1.0 of P/N, and pH 9.5 were the optimum conditions for N removal from cyanobacterial pyrolysis liquid. Following this, calcium phosphate crystallization (at pH 10 and Ca/P = 4.98) removed residual P, and zeolite adsorption (at pH 8 and 10 g/L zeolite dosage) eliminated the remaining N. Ultimately, 99.3% of N was removed with the two methods in cyanobacterial pyrolysis liquid. The cyanobacterial pyrolysis liquid, stripped of N, was found to significantly enhance the release of N from lake sediment under anaerobic conditions, which can then be reutilized by cyanobacteria. These findings reveal that organic matter derived from cyanobacterial decomposition promotes sedimentary N release, creating a feedback loop that sustains cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater ecosystems.

156. 题目: Unraveling the mechanism and key role of KOH activation in phosphate adsorption by La(NO3)3/KOH-modified blue algae-derived biochar composite
文章编号: N25030810
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Bing Liu, Fengyu Liu, Weihao Li, Wenli Qin, Min Wang, Yang Jia, Chao Wang, Zengling Ma
更新时间: 2025-03-08
摘要: Excessive phosphorus triggers eutrophication in aquatic environments leading to algal blooms. In response to the resource utilization of blue algae and the phosphorus resource crises, a novel co-modification of La(NO₃)₃ and KOH on blue algae-derived biochar (La-KOH/BABC) was synthesized via a simple impregnation-pyrolysis method and applied for phosphate adsorption. By contrasting the structural properties of La/BABC, KOH/BABC, and La-KOH/BABC, the introduction of KOH increased the specific surface area, optimized the pore structure, promoted the transformation of La from amorphous to crystallized La₂O₃, and introduced carbonate as an active site. The addition of La(NO₃)₃ increased the phosphate adsorption active sites and changed the surface charge of the biochar. The adsorption efficiency of La-KOH/BABC was 1.3 folds that of KOH/BABC and 2.9 folds that of La/BABC. Furthermore, 4La-0.50KOH/BABC-700 prepared under the optimum conditions (La(NO₃)₃ concentration of 4 mM, KOH/biomass mass ratio of 0.50, and pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C) maintained a strong adsorption efficiency (≥ 99.5%) at the initial concentration of 5 mg/L, dosage of 0.6 g/L, and a wide range of pH (3.0–10.0). The adsorption kinetics and isotherms indicated the chemisorption nature and multilayer adsorption of phosphate on the 4La-0.50KOH/BABC-700 surface. The adsorption mechanism of 4La-0.50KOH/BABC-700 can be ascribed to electrostatic attraction, ligand exchange between carbonate and phosphate, and the formation of La−O−P inner-sphere complexes driven by Lewis acid-base interaction. Overall, this research offers a means to utilize blue algae for preparing value-added adsorbents in the treatment of eutrophic water, representing the concept of “treating the wastes with waste”.

157. 题目: Enhancing denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation for nitrogen removal with low-temperature biochar
文章编号: N25030809
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Wei Chong, Shaohua Wang, Jiaxin Cheng, Xue Lou, Xuebao Wan, Xiangyu Sun, Mingyang Wang, Shaoping Kuang, Hui Chen, Shuai Liu
更新时间: 2025-03-08
摘要: Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation (DAMO), which utilizes methane for denitrification, offers an efficacious approach for nitrogen removal in wastewater and greenhouse gas mitigation. However, slow microbial growth and low methane mass transfer efficiency limit its practical application. This study demonstrates that straw biochar, particularly when pyrolyzed at 300 °C, enhances DAMO’s nitrogen removal performance. Specifically, biochar from cotton (CB300) and maize (MB300) stalks at 300 °C increased the nitrate removal rate by 2.6 and 2.4 times, respectively, compared to the control. Correlation analysis revealed a positive link between nitrate removal rates and oxygen-containing functional groups in biochar, which may facilitate electron transfer. Long-term DAMO reactor operation confirmed significant enhancements in nitrogen removal with 300 °C biochars. CB300 and MB300 biochars increased key functional genes (mcrA and pmoA) and enriched DAMO archaea (ANME-2D). These findings suggest that low-temperature biochar is a cost-effective and sustainable approach to enhance the nitrogen removal performance of DAMO.

158. 题目: Bacillus-Enriched Organophosphorus Biochar Formulations Increase Soil Microbial Diversity and Pigeon Pea Yield
文章编号: N25030808
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Kannan Pandian, Kavin Samiyappan, Anandham Rangasamy, Indirani Raju, Krishnaveni Dhanuskodi, Jayakumar Bose, Sivasankar Annamalai, Sangchul Hwang
更新时间: 2025-03-08
摘要: Phosphorus (P) deficiency significantly limits pigeon pea growth in acidic soils. Applied P fertilizers tend to diffuse and bind to the active surface sites where they form insoluble complexes with aluminum and iron, rendering the P unavailable for plant uptake. The interactive effects of farmyard manure (FYM), P fertilizers, phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, and maize biochar on P availability and plant growth in acidic soils remain largely unexplored. To enhance P availability in acidic soils, four P fertilizer formulations were developed and tested using pigeon pea as a test crop: (1) biochar-enriched super phosphate and rock phosphate; (2) FYM-enriched super phosphate and rock phosphate; (3) Biochar + FYM-enriched super phosphate and rock phosphate; and (4) Bacillus megaterium-fortified Biochar + FYM-enriched super phosphate and rock phosphate. Field trials were conducted over 2 years to evaluate the effects of these treatments on P availability, uptake, bacterial community dynamics, and pigeon pea yield. The application of B. megaterium (~2 kg) fortified biochar and FYM-enriched rock phosphate at 750 kg ha⁻¹ significantly improved soil available P (10 mg kg⁻¹), P uptake (21.7 kg ha⁻¹) and Bacillus population (16% higher) compared to super phosphate alone. This formulation also enhanced acid phosphatase activity, microbial biomass phosphorus, biomass carbon, and microbial community composition, contributing to improved plant growth and seed yield (1558 kg ha⁻¹). The combined application of B. megaterium (2 kg) and 50 kg P in biochar-FYM-enriched rock phosphate at 750 kg ha⁻¹ demonstrated a sustainable approach for increased phosphorus availability and uptake in low pH soils. This eco-friendly strategy improved pigeon pea production and reduced reliance on chemical fertilizers, presenting a viable solution for sustainable P management practices in acid soil.

159. 题目: Advances in selective heavy metal removal from water using biochar: A comprehensive review of mechanisms and modifications
文章编号: N25030807
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Kai Meng, Yingbo Dong, Junfei Liu, Jiquan Xie, Qi Jin, Yanrong Lu, Hai Lin
更新时间: 2025-03-08
摘要: Heavy metals are common pollutants in the aquatic environment that are difficult to degrade and harmful. Biochar has emerged as a promising material for heavy metal remediation in water due to its advantages such as high surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and low cost. However, current research primarily focuses on single-pollutant systems, whereas actual water bodies often contain coexisting multiple metal ions. Competitive adsorption among these ions significantly interferes with the selective removal efficiency of biochar. This paper systematically reviews the latest advances in biochar-based selective adsorption materials, and explores the influence of inherent properties such as feedstock type, pore structure, and surface functional groups on adsorption performance. It reveals key mechanisms including surface complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic attraction, and summarizes the remarkable effects of modification techniques such as acid treatment and metal impregnation. In addition, this paper analyzes the selective adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of biochar toward typical heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and chromium. Finally, it highlights current research gaps, including uncertainties in biochar production, application, long-term stability, and environmental risks, while also outlining future research directions. This work aims to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the design and application of biochar materials.

160. 题目: Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (py-GC/MS) revealed independent effects of precipitation and temperature on diversity and molecular composition of soil organic matter
文章编号: N25030806
期刊: Environmental Earth Sciences
作者: Xiaofeng Tang, Chao Chang, Ming Li
更新时间: 2025-03-08
摘要:

Responses of soil organic matter (SOM) to changes in temperature and precipitation were helpful to understanding biogeochemical processes in soils. In the current study, two groups of soil samples were used to distinguish the respective effects of precipitation and temperature on SOM. The first group was named as mean annual temperature (MAP) gradient group including 13 samples with similar mean annual temperature (MAT) (13.0–14.9 °C) but different MAP (71.4–1072.8 mm). The second group was named as MAT gradient group including 13 samples with high MAP (> 1000 mm) but different MAT (15.9–24.8 °C). The SOM molecular composition was analyzed by a pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Variance partitioning analysis showed that in the MAP gradient group the variation in SOM composition was only independently explained 1% and 6% by MAT and MAP, respectively, but jointly explained 28%. In the MAT gradient group, although MAP explained 22% variation in SOM composition, MAT and MAP together explained more than 51%. These results indicated that the effect of MAT alone on SOM was negligible in the MAP gradient group and MAT was the dominant influencing factor in MAT gradient group. In the MAP gradient group, SOC content and the proportion of lignin and nitrogen-containing compounds were significantly positively related to MAP. In the MAT gradient group, the proportion of aliphatic, aliphatic and terpenoid compounds was significantly positively related to MAT but the proportion of aromatic compounds was opposite. Structural equation modeling showed that MAP was significantly positively related to SOM molecular diversity and stability, and MAT was significantly negatively related to SOM stability.