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141. 题目: Unraveling the long-term dynamics of black carbon and co-emitted air pollutant sources over the East China Sea
文章编号: N26050409
期刊: Marine Pollution Bulletin
作者: Shiwen Cao, Shuo Ding, Yangzhou Wu, Jiankan Wang, Dantong Liu
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: Black carbon (BC) and co-emitted atmospheric species critically affect air quality and climate, yet long-term, source-resolved data in coastal regions remain scarce. Here, we present a three-year (2020-2022) observational study of trace gases (CO, NOx, CO2, SO2, O3) and particulate species (BC and PM2.5) over the East China Sea. Using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and trajectory analysis, we resolve contributions from local, regional, and secondary sources. Local sources dominate NOx and SO2 variability, while regional sources contribute more to BC and CO2 in winter. Secondary sources contribute significantly to CO and O3 throughout the year. A machine learning model, incorporating AIS ship-tracking and meteorological data, isolates ship-emitted BC, revealing a decreasing trend of 0.066 μg m-3 yr-1, accounting for 44% of the total BC reduction. Wet scavenging rates of BC differ substantially by source, with regional BC removed approximately twice as efficiently as local BC. This integrated approach provides novel, source-specific insights into coastal BC dynamics, evaluates the effectiveness of ship emission controls, and informs management strategies for coastal air quality.

142. 题目: Coupled natural and human induced environmental history during the Holocene in Utica (Tunisia): Lipid biomarkers and metal pollution
文章编号: N26050408
期刊: Marine Pollution Bulletin
作者: Ignacio López-Cilla, José E Ortiz, Trinidad Torres, José Luis López Castro, Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia, Jean-Philippe Goiran, Elisa Pleuger, Imed Ben Jerbania, Ahmed Gadhoum, Susana Carpintero, Carlos Boente, Santiago Romero, Hugo Delile
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: The coastal palaeoenvironmental conditions of Utica ancient gulf area during the Holocene were reconstructed after a multidisciplinary study to identify natural variations and the influence of anthropic processes in the environmental evolution of this coastal area. For this purpose, a ca. 15 m-deep sedimentary core formerly drilled in the surroundings were studied. Amino acid racemization in ostracode valves and previously published radiocarbon (14C) datings of plant debris and charcoal were used for constructing the chronological scale using a bayesian age-model. Based on the sedimentological characteristics, lipid biomarkers and trace elements quantification both natural and anthropogenic variations were identified. The results reveal a chronological period ranging between the present and 8200 cal yr BP, in which marine and continental inputs occurred marking variations in the palaeoenvironmental conditions, being able to differentiate 2 units each one with 3 subunits (A1–A3; B1–B3). The human influence since the Chalcolithic, being noticeable during Phoenician and Roman times was also observed in the geological record. Lead, copper, zinc and silver concentrations along the sedimentary record revealed that the influence of anthropogenic factors predominated over lithogenic processes in the last three millennia, particularly linked to mining activities in the area especially in Phoenician times, with an important decrease after the conquest by Romans. In addition, the presence of faecal stanols, such as coprostanol, revealed the presence of human populations in the area since ca. 4200 cal yr BP, before the city of Utica was founded.

143. 题目: Effects of Biochar Derived from Urban Biowastes on Nitrogen Mineralization and Enzyme Activities of Agricultural Soil Along the Yamuna River, Delhi, India
文章编号: N26050407
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Hina Chaudhary, J Dinakaran, Prem Lal Uniyal, Kottapalli Sreenivasa Rao
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: Urbanization has severely degraded agricultural soils along major riverbanks due to pollution by heavy metals, compaction, nutrient imbalances, and the loss of organic matter. This study evaluates biochar (BC) derived from urban biowaste materials as a sustainable amendment to restore the fertility of the Yamuna riverbank soil. BC, derived from sugarcane bagasse (SB), brinjal stem (BS), and citrus peel (CP) produced by muffle furnace (mf) and drum kiln (kl) through pyrolysis at 600 °C, on Yamuna River soil at 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% rates to understand the nitrogen immobilization and enzyme activities. The muffle furnace (mf) method and higher application rates significantly enhanced soil nutrient dynamics, with brinjal stem biochar (BCBS) achieving maximum inorganic nitrogen retention (54.8%). Soil enzyme activities for β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase increased by up to 478% and 2088%, respectively, while BCBS specifically enhanced urease by 196.7%. Although dehydrogenase activity spiked by 365% at lower doses, it stabilized later, suggesting microbial adaptation during the 45-day incubation. These improvements were primarily driven by high surface area (BSmf, 360.91 m2 g⁻1) and cation exchange capacity (CPkl, 209.35 meq kg⁻1), which controlled both nutrient retention and microbial stimulation. These complex interactions were further validated by Pearson correlation coefficients and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which confirmed strong synergistic relationships between soil physicochemical properties and biological enzyme responses. Ultimately, BCmf showed substantial improvements over BCkl, highlighting that biochar derived from urban biowaste, especially brinjal stems, effectively enhances soil enzyme activity and nitrogen mineralization, offering a viable strategy for rehabilitating degraded urban agricultural soils.

144. 题目: Synergistic electro-activation of persulfate by boron‑nitrogen co-doped sludge biochar for sulfamethoxazole degradation
文章编号: N26050406
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Yuange Yu, Qijie Xu, Mian Wu, Ya Pang, Yaoyu Zhou
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: In this study, boron‑nitrogen co-doped sludge biochar (BN@SBC) was synthesized by slow pyrolysis and coupled with electro-activated persulfate for efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in water. Under optimized conditions (20 mg/L SMX, 0.2 g/L BN@SBC, 1 mM persulfate, 5 mA/cm2 current density), 92.6% of SMX was removed within 90 min. The system performed effectively over a wide pH range, exhibited strong anti-interference ability toward coexisting ions, and generated low-toxicity degradation products. Boron‑nitrogen co-doping introduced BN moieties, which improved structural stability and reduced boron leaching. Quenching experiments and electrochemical analysis revealed that the process was dominated by free radicals, with minor contributions from singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals. A synergistic mechanism involving persulfate activation and in situ generated H₂O₂ under an electric field was elucidated. This work provides a theoretical basis for designing non-metal catalysts and an environmentally sound strategy for antibiotic removal and sludge disposal.

145. 题目: Dissolved organic matter dynamics and antibiotic resistance gene attenuation during composting: characteristics and interrelationships
文章编号: N26050405
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Dongfang Shi, Meiling Shi, Shengnan Zhang, Pengyan Zhang, Xiaoyan Qian, Yongjun You, Chong Liu, Fayong Li
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: During composting of livestock manure and straw, dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a crucial role in driving microbial metabolism and community succession. However, the relationships between DOM dynamics and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) attenuation during composting remain poorly understood. In this study, four compost treatments were established: control without additives (CK), biochar addition (BC), wood vinegar addition (WV), and combined biochar and wood vinegar (BC+WV). These treatments were used to compare the effects of different amendment strategies on DOM dynamics, microbial succession, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and ARG attenuation during composting. The results showed that, compared with CK (34.24g/kg), WV and BC+WV increased the initial DOC content to 42.85 and 42.27g/kg, representing increases of 25.15% and 23.45%, respectively, whereas BC exhibited the lowest DOC content at the mature stage. In addition, BC and BC+WV showed greater reductions in total MGE abundance than CK and WV, with BC+WV achieving the highest ARG attenuation rate of 92.21%. ARG-host microbiome networks revealed Pseudomonadota as the predominant phylum hosting ARGs (60.00%), followed by Actinomycetota (24.45%). Structural equation modeling (PLS-PM) analysis suggested that the protein-like component (C2) of DOM was associated with changes in the community structure of ARG-hosting microorganisms, which in turn were linked to ARG attenuation through MGE-mediated processes. This study offers new insights into ARGs elimination during composting.

146. 题目: Soil organic carbon stock changes over 40 years in Brazil: a country-scale assessment using soil science-informed machine learning
文章编号: N26050404
期刊: Catena
作者: Nícolas Augusto Rosin, José A M Demattê, Budiman Minasny, Raul Roberto Poppiel, Bruno dos Anjos Bartsch, Jorge Tadeu Fim Rosas, Heidy Soledad Rodríguez-Albarracín, Maurício R Cherubin, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, Luis Eduardo Vicente
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: Brazil is at the forefront of both forest conservation and global food security, and thus, understanding the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is crucial for both. We developed a spatiotemporal model to predict national-scale changes in SOC stocks to 1 meter depth, over the last 40 years. We utilized a combination of static and dynamic environmental covariates along with more than 50,000 observation points to calibrate a machine learning model. The models achieved satisfactory accuracy, with R2 values ranging from 0.48 to 0.88 in cross-validation and from 0.18 to 0.31 in external validation. Our findings revealed a significant reduction in SOC stocks in the North rainforest region (Amazon biome), with the largest increase in the Northeast drylands (Caatinga biome). Specifically, net SOC losses occurred in Amazon (-0.020 Pg yr-1), Atlantic Forest (-0.002 Pg yr-1), and Pampa (-0.0004 Pg yr-1). Net gains were found in the Cerrado (0.016 Pg yr-1), Caatinga (0.007 Pg yr-1), and Pantanal (0.001 Pg yr-1). Over the past 40 years, we estimated an absolute gain of 0.80 Pg C in Brazil. Land-use change from forests to anthropogenic uses was the primary driver of SOC stock loss, whereas conversion from pastures to croplands generally led to SOC gains. The efforts to combat climate change in Brazil require reducing deforestation and promoting sustainable agricultural intensification.

147. 题目: Freezing, not thawing, indirectly controls soil organic carbon heterogeneity in the Source Areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers
文章编号: N26050403
期刊: Catena
作者: Shizhen Li, Dongliang Luo, Ziqiang Yuan, Jinniu Wang, Ruiqiang Bai, Qingzhi Wang, Fangfang Chen, Jia Liu, Mingxin Yang, Chenyang Peng
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: High-elevation permafrost on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP) represents a large but highly heterogeneous soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, yet the dominant controls on its distribution remain poorly constrained. To address this, we employed an integrative approach combining extensive field surveys (84 plots across 24 sites), remote sensing and reanalysis data (MODIS and ERA5-Land), and advanced statistical modeling. We compared SOC concentrations and their variability across different frozen ground types in the Source Areas of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers (SAYYR) and quantified the hierarchical influences of freeze-thaw regimes, vegetation, and soil physicochemical properties on SOC in the 0–40 cm profile. Our results demonstrated that SOC exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity (45.82 ± 49.42 g/kg; CV = 107.87%), with significantly higher SOC concentrations in permafrost soils (49.79 ± 51.56 g/kg; CV = 103.55%) than in seasonally frozen soils (21.00 ± 20.30 g/kg; CV = 96.72%). The Random Forest (RF) model demonstrated robust predictive performance (R2 = 0.56) and identified soil pH as the dominant predictor (18.3% relative importance), followed by fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) and soil bulk density (SBD). Partial Least Squares Path modeling (PLS-PM) supported a mechanistic pathway in which soil freezing characteristics (e.g., freezing index and frozen duration) emerged as a major driver of SOC (total effect = 0.698), ranked second only to soil physicochemical properties (0.778). Notably, while no significant direct or indirect effects of thawing were detected in this study, freezing substantially regulates SOC heterogeneity by altering the soil physicochemical environment. This asymmetric response underscores the high sensitivity of organic carbon dynamics in high-elevation alpine regions to changes in the freezing regime; therefore, resolving soil-freezing mechanisms is crucial for accurately predicting the vulnerability of high-elevation permafrost carbon to climate warming.

148. 题目: Context-dependent responses of soil organic carbon to liming: a meta-analysis
文章编号: N26050402
期刊: Catena
作者: Yang Li, Shuang Fu, Marta Camps-Arbestain, Zhonghui He, Feicen Li, Tao Wang, Qinhua Shen, Youlin Lou, Xuesong Gao, Dagang Yuan
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: Lime addition, widely advocated to alleviate soil acidity and promote plant growth in acidic soils, can influence soil organic carbon (OC) turnover by fostering soil aggregation, disrupting OC-mineral association, and indirectly increasing C inputs. Due to the interplay of competing processes, the net impact of liming on soil OC remains debated, particularly in the absence of large-scale, systematic assessments across soil depths. To address this gap, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 85 field-based studies to quantify the depth-dependent responses of soil OC to liming, and identify their key drivers. Overall, lime application increased soil OC by 5.7%, primarily through enhancing plant C inputs and associated increases in particulate organic carbon (POC). Changes in soil OC content exhibited significant positive correlations with both POC content (r = 0.77, P < 0.05) and C/N ratio (r = 0.48, P < 0.05). In the topsoil, evident gains in OC upon lime application were commonly observed in warm regions (e.g., tropics) and soils with either OC < 20 g/kg, clay>30%, or in croplands. However, the positive effect diminished – or reversed – below 0.1 m soil depth, particularly in subsoils with OC ≥ 20 g/kg, where OC decreased significantly by 5%. These findings underscore the context-dependent impact of liming on soil OC. Benefits are more pronounced in highly weathered or degraded cropland soils, yet careful consideration is needed to avoid OC losses in subsoils with OC content>20 g/kg. This study provides insights into developing climate change mitigation strategies for acidic soils, especially as interest grows in using alkaline rock in soils to remove atmospheric CO₂.

149. 题目: Use of radiocarbon and stable carbon isotope for evaluating the provenance and cycling of particulate organic carbon in a hyper-eutrophic lake, China
文章编号: N26050401
期刊: Applied Geochemistry
作者: Tao Zhang, Haiquan Yang, Jingan Chen, Jingfu Wang, Yilong Song, Qinlin Wang, Xuyin Tang, Shuwen Sun
更新时间: 2026-05-04
摘要: Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a key component of carbon and energy flow in lacustrine ecosystems, yet its sources and cycling remain poorly quantified in hyper-eutrophic lakes. This study applied a dual-isotope (Δ14C-δ13C) approach combined with SIAR to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics and sources of POC in hyper-eutrophic Lake Dianchi. Results showed a substantial POC stock of approximately 3.24 × 109 g C in the lake, exhibiting marked seasonal and spatial variations driven by algal primary production, terrestrial inputs, and sediment resuspension. During summer, POC concentrations were higher in the north and lower in the south, influenced by prevailing winds; this spatial pattern reversed in winter due to enhanced vertical mixing and increased terrestrial inputs. SIAR modeling indicates that algal production dominates the POC pool (71.4 ± 5.4%), followed by terrestrial inputs (13.9 ± 5.7%) and resuspended sediment-derived POC (14.7 ± 2.3%). Dual-isotope evidence further showed a substantial contribution of aged organic carbon derived from the watershed, contrasting with the internal sedimentary recycling processes commonly observed in deeper, less productive lakes. These findings highlight fundamentally different carbon cycling pathways in shallow, eutrophic systems compared to stratified oligotrophic lakes. Overall, the dual-isotope framework presented here offers a robust tool for clarifying POC transformation under eutrophic conditions and provides a scientific basis for managing nutrient sources and mitigating internal loading in Lake Dianchi and other eutrophic lakes.

150. 题目: Tuning Pyrolysis Temperature of Wheat Straw Biochar Supports for Enhanced Bi2WO6 Photocatalytic Degradation of Stormwater Contaminants in Real Water Matrices
文章编号: N26050302
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Julide Kahkeci, Isaac Sánchez-Montes, Mohamed Gamal El-Din
更新时间: 2026-05-03
摘要: Biochar-supported photocatalysts offer a sustainable approach for improving the degradation of emerging contaminants under visible light irradiation in wastewater and stormwater systems. However, the performance of these composites strongly depends on biochar properties, which are governed by its production conditions. Despite this, the influence of biochar feedstock pyrolysis temperature on the structure and activity of photocatalysts remains poorly understood. This study evaluates biochar-supported Bi₂WO₆ composites prepared using wheat straw, an abundant agricultural residue, pyrolyzed at four different temperatures (300, 400, 500, and 600 °C) to improve photocatalytic activity. The composite prepared with 400 °C biochar exhibited a 51.5-fold increase in the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) under simulated solar irradiation compared to pristine Bi₂WO₆. Material characterization revealed that wheat straw biochar influenced the surface morphology and crystal growth of Bi₂WO₆, while higher pyrolysis temperatures had a negative impact on performance. The optimal composite was successfully employed for the degradation of a mixture of the emerging stormwater contaminants DPG, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (TTZ), and 2-(4-morpholinyl)benzothiazole (MoBT) under simulated solar light in both secondary effluent and stormwater matrices, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of photocatalytic degradation of this contaminant mixture in real water matrices. In real stormwater, the composite achieved over 80% removal of the target mixture along with a 32% reduction in the total organic carbon. These findings demonstrate the potential of wheat straw-derived materials as sustainable photocatalyst supports, advancing the practical application of agricultural waste for scalable, environmentally relevant water treatment applications.

151. 题目: Effect of Fe-N modification sequence on amoxicillin adsorption by lotus stalk biochar: Structure-activity relationship and dominant mechanisms
文章编号: N26050301
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Shuangsheng Zhang, Jing Qiang, Junjie Zhou, Hanhu Liu, Le Shen, Jianqiang He, Jiayue Shi
更新时间: 2026-05-03
摘要: Regarding the unclear influence of Fe-N modification sequences on biochar performance, this study systematically investigated the effects of Fe and N introduction sequences on biochar characteristics using lotus stalk as a precursor, urea as the nitrogen source, and FeCl₃·6H₂O as the iron source. The novelty of this work lies in revealing the synergistic mechanism of Fe-catalyzed carbon gasification coupled with N etching/cross-linking under simultaneous doping conditions, and establishing a clear structure-activity relationship correlating doping sequence with microstructure and adsorption performance. The optimal modified biochar was screened for AMOX adsorption from aqueous solution, and the adsorption mechanisms were elucidated through multi-scale characterization and batch adsorption experiments. The results show that simultaneous Fe-N doping combined with pyrolysis at 700°C for 4 hours (FeN-BC-4h) induced a synergistic effect of Fe-catalyzed carbon gasification and N etching, constructing a hierarchical pore structure with a specific surface area of 752.06 m²·g^-1 and a total pore volume of 0.73 cm³·g^-1. The equilibrium adsorption capacity for AMOX reached 130.92 mg·g^-1, surpassing samples with single or sequential doping and representing a 2.55-fold enhancement compared to raw biochar. The surface of FeN-BC-4h was highly heterogeneous, with chemisorption dominating the adsorption process. Intraparticle diffusion served as the rate-controlling step, and the adsorption was an endothermic spontaneous reaction that increased system disorder. The adsorption mechanisms included pore filling, π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions, hydrogen bonding, Fe-O/Fe-N coordination complexation, and electrostatic interactions. FeN-BC-4h maintained stable and efficient adsorption within the pH range of 4-9, exhibited magnetic responsiveness, and retained approximately 67.03% of its adsorption capacity after three regeneration cycles via HCl washing. This research provides theoretical insights and technical references for the high-value utilization of lotus stalk-based biochar and the efficient removal of antibiotic pollutants.

152. 题目: Reconciling soil organic carbon and crop productivity through agricultural practices in the drylands of Northwest China
文章编号: N26050212
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Yafei Chen, Qiuyu Sun, Zhenzhen Song, Junxin Zhang, Xiaoyu Sun, Hui Wang, Wenjia Yang, Lina Yin, Shiwen Wang
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion and stagnant crop productivity are key constraints to agricultural sustainability in arid northwestern China. Agricultural practices (APs) are key drivers of SOC dynamics and crop productivity. However, due to chronic water limitation, alkaline soils, and low initial SOC content in this region, the responses of SOC and crop yield to APs may differ fundamentally from those in more humid or temperate regions, making it challenging to coordinate soil carbon accumulation and nutrient supply. Therefore, using multilevel meta-analysis and random forest models, this study comprehensively analyzed 5245 paired observations from 267 publications, examined the response patterns and potential mechanisms of crop yield and SOC content to eight APs and predicted the spatial probability of achieving synergistic benefits. Multilevel meta-analysis results showed that no-tillage increased SOC content by 7.6% (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on crop yield. Mulch planting significantly increased crop yield by 28.2% (P < 0.05) but did not significantly alter SOC content. In contrast, other APs exhibited significant synergistic benefits. The synergy index, quantifying coordination between crop yield and SOC content, was highest under mineral-organic fertilization (0.33) compared to mineral fertilizer alone, followed by biochar input (0.31), straw returning (0.20), subsoiling (deep tillage to loosen subsoil, 0.15), and green manure (0.15). Subgroup and random forest results demonstrated that the effectiveness of APs is significantly influenced by climatic and soil conditions. Regression analyses further indicated that changes in soil total nitrogen (TN) and available phosphorus (AP) were closely associated with the APs-driven synergies between crop yield and SOC content. Model-derived results suggest that biochar input and mineral-organic fertilization may be broadly promising for achieving the desired outcomes across the study region, while no-till and green manure show limited modeled suitability, particularly in arid and low-fertility areas such as Xinjiang, western Inner Mongolia, and southern Gansu. These findings establish that targeted APs can reconcile carbon concentration and productivity goals in arid farming systems, provided they are tailored to local pedoclimatic conditions. This study provides a scientific basis for policymakers to develop spatially explicit strategies aimed at promoting sustainable soil carbon accumulation and ensuring food security in Northwest China.

153. 题目: Copper and iron co-loaded biochar (CuFe-BC) activated peroxydisulfate (PDS): A novel non-radical system for 4-chlorophenol removal through electron-transfer-induced polymerization.
文章编号: N26050211
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Wenxuan Wei, Wenqian Cao, Yumeng Qi, Zunyao Wang, Ruijuan Qu
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), a widespread and highly toxic pollutant, poses significant environmental risks. In this study, we developed a copper-iron co-loaded biochar (CuFe-BC) as an efficient peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for 4-CP removal. Under low chemical inputs (0.1 g/L catalyst, PDS/4-CP molar ratio = 5:1), the CuFe-BC/PDS system achieved 93.6% 4-CP removal and 61.1% total organic carbon (TOC) removal within 6 h. Comprehensive mechanism investigations revealed that pollutant removal was primarily governed by an electron transfer pathway (ETP), wherein PDS is activated via outer-sphere interactions with Fe(III)/Cu(II) sites to form a surface CuFe-BC-PDS∗ complex. Simultaneously, synergistic valence cycling between Fe and Cu sustains catalytic activity, while the defective carbon matrix promotes both interfacial adsorption and efficient electron shuttling. Notably, product analyses further demonstrated the formation of phenoxy radicals, which subsequently coupled into polymers, establishing a distinctive polymerization-driven removal pathway. The CuFe-BC/PDS system exhibited robust performance across diverse water matrices and pH conditions, broad-spectrum efficacy toward phenolic contaminants, outstanding reusability, and stable continuous-flow operation. This work establishes a bimetallic-biochar platform that enables non-radical persulfate activation to drive pollutant polymerization, providing a sustainable strategy for treating refractory organic contaminants beyond mineralization-based approaches.

154. 题目: Exogenous H2O2-driven molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter in hydrothermal treatment of leachate concentrate
文章编号: N26050210
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Hongping He, Shuoting Dai, Bo Yang, Deli Wu, Geng Yan, Mei Sun
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: The management of leachate concentrates from nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes remains a critical bottleneck for membrane-based separation systems, due to their high concentrations of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (DOM). In this study, hydrothermal treatment, with and without the addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), was investigated as a post-treatment strategy for the purification of leachate concentrates and the mitigation of DOM recalcitrance. The results showed that hydrothermal treatment alone achieved a modest dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of 43.8% and preferentially degraded non-aromatic fractions, but concurrently led to form new recalcitrant DOM. In contrast, the introduction of exogenous H2O2 significantly enhanced both the removal efficiency and degradation kinetics of DOM. Under optimal conditions, DOC and UV254 removals reached 69.9% and 92.6%, respectively, with over 90% of the DOC removal achieved within 1 h. Reactive species analysis confirmed hydroxyl radicals (•OH) as the dominant oxidizing agents during hydrothermal oxidation with H2O2. Molecular-level characterization using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed that •OH-driven oxidation preferentially cleaved Csingle bondC, Csingle bondN, and Csingle bondS bonds, disrupted lignin/carboxylic-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAMs), and produced low-molecular-weight, oxygen-rich compounds through decarboxylation and side-chain shortening. These molecular transformations resulted in a decrease in DOM aromaticity and structural complexity, indicating a substantial reduction of DOM recalcitrance in leachate concentrates. Overall, hydrothermal treatment combined with exogenous H2O2 provides an effective post-treatment approach for membrane leachate concentrates, contributing to enhanced purification performance and facilitating subsequent downstream treatment in membrane-based separation systems.

155. 题目: Phycosphere microbial assembly reinforces microalgae-driven soil organic carbon sequestration and methane mitigation in black soil paddies
文章编号: N26050209
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Ze-wei Qi, Lei Wang, Jian Guan, Bo Zhang, Lei Wang, Cheng-cheng Feng, Di Wang, Ying Zhang
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: Global climate change threatens food security, with paddy fields being major greenhouse gas sources. Microalgae, as novel inoculants, show contested emission effects and unclear synergy with phycosphere bacteria. Integrating meta-analysis and incubation experiments, we systematically investigated microalgae-bacteria interactions in black soil paddy fields. Microalgae significantly increased the response ratio of soil organic carbon (+1.0644, 95% CI: +0.7625 to +1.3663) and reduced the response ratio of methane emissions (−1.1713, 95% CI: −1.7316 to −0.611). Live-microalgae drove methane mitigation via a dual-pathway, suppressing mcrA and enhancing pmoA gene abundance, enriching type I methanotrophs (e.g., Methylobacter) while inhibiting key methanogens. Microalgae specifically recruited abundant, diverse phycosphere bacteria, forming functional microniches. The microalgae-bacteria consortium (MA + B) exhibited optimal synergy, reducing CH4 emissions by 47.78%, and increasing SOC by 5.71%, linked to elevated dissolved oxygen, extracellular polymeric substances, and bacterial-derived carbon. This study reveals microalgae enhance carbon sequestration by reshaping microbial networks, offering a new paradigm for sustainable agriculture.

156. 题目: Activation of blueberry pruning waste biochar for enhanced removal of cadmium from aqueous systems
文章编号: N26050208
期刊: Frontiers in Environmental Science
作者: Yichen Liu, Aminu Inuwa Darma, Jian Wang, Xing Xia, Meili Sun, Yuhang Zhao, Liuying Pang, Jin Liu, Jianjun Yang
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: The presence of cadmium (Cd) in aquatic systems can cause a serious risk to aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, biochar (BC) was prepared from blueberry pruning waste and activated via chemical (BCchem), biological (BCbio), and biochemical (BCbiochem) processes. BCchem corresponded to BC activated with polystyrene (PS) plastics, BCbio was a BC activated with vermicompost, and BCbiochem was a BC activated with PS plastics and vermicompost. The adsorbents were evaluated for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) from aqueous systems. Surface characterization of the BCs was conducted using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and BET-specific surface area (SBET) analyses. Different factors affecting Cd2+ adsorption by BCs, such as application dose, initial pH, adsorption time (adsorption kinetics), initial Cd2+ concentration (adsorption isotherms), and desorption studies were undertaken using batch systems. Characterization revealed that BCbiochem (64.2 m2 g-1) had a higher SBET than BC (6.2 m2 g-1), BCbio (16.7 m2 g-1), and BCchem (53.0 m2 g-1). The Elovich kinetic model described (r2 ≥ 0.927 and χ2 ≤ 0.17) the Cd2+ adsorption data better than the pseudo-second-order and pseudo-first-order kinetic models for all BC samples. The Langmuir model (r2 ≥ 0.98 and χ2 ≤ 0.10) fitted the Cd2+ adsorption isotherms well for the BCs, indicating that the Cd2+ adsorption occurred through a monolayer formation on a homogeneous surface. The BCbiochem showed the maximum Cd2+ adsorption capacity of 4.13 mg g-1, which was nearly double that of other BCs. After four desorption cycles, the BCbio retained 1.05, 1.24, and 1.91 times higher Cd2+ than BCbiochem, BCchem, and BC, respectively. This study demonstrated that BCbiochem was a highly efficient and economical alternative to conventional adsorbents for removing Cd2+ from aqueous systems.

157. 题目: Cadmium-induced disruptions in soil nitrogen cycling: Unraveling microbial impacts, functional gene dynamics, and biochar's restoration potential.
文章编号: N26050207
期刊: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
作者: Ali Mohd Yatoo, Ahmed Salah Elrys, Nathan Okoth, Tracy Opande, Di Feng, Mohamed K Abdel-Fattah, Lei Meng, Jinbo Zhang, Nezar Samarah
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: Cadmium (Cd) contamination in soils poses a serious risk to agricultural production and ecological health. It enters agricultural soils as a result of human activities such as phosphate fertilizer use, industrial discharge, and natural weathering of Cd-enriched parent substrates. After reaching the soil, it interferes with nitrogen (N) cycling by reducing microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and the expression of functional genes (amoA, nirk/nirS, nosZ), affecting N transformations, which ultimately control soil N availability and loss. Moreover, Cd stress downregulates nosZ gene expression, which limits complete reduction of N2O to N2, thus increasing N2O emissions. To reduce Cd stress, biochar (BC) has been recognized as a potential strategy due to its multidimensional role in both Cd immobilization and alleviating Cd-induced disturbances in the soil N cycle. BC, through different mechanisms like ion exchange, precipitation, and surface complexation, decreases Cd bioavailability and nurtures microbial habitats. Furthermore, BC promotes the restoration of N-cycling microbial populations and functional genes, which enhances N retention, lowers N2O emissions, and increases plant-accessible N. The current review summarizes the recent research findings on how Cd toxicity affects N cycling processes and its associated microbes and genes and further emphasizes the dual role of BC in immobilizing Cd and restoring N cycling for sustainable soil remediation, greenhouse gas mitigation, and crop production. Moreover, the review also highlights the critical knowledge gaps, particularly regarding the effect of Cd on gross N transformations using 15N tracing, that need to be addressed in future studies.

158. 题目: Unveiling the transformation patterns and mechanisms of organic micropollutants and wastewater effluent organic matter during UV222-based oxidation systems
文章编号: N26050206
期刊: Water Research
作者: Yuwei Xie, Han Su, Yuan Zhang, Wenzheng Chen, Félix Manuel Rosado-García, Xin Yu, Mingbao Feng
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: The transformation products (TPs) of pharmaceuticals and pesticides are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, necessitating the development of advanced treatment technologies for effective removal. This study systematically evaluated the degradation efficiency of six typical TPs of carbamazepine and atrazine by UV222-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) combined with different oxidants (periodate, hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate, persulfate, and chlorine). The results indicated that the oxidants were efficiently activated under 222 nm irradiation to generate diverse radical species, thereby accelerating TPs degradation. The dominant reactive species varied significantly across different treatment systems. Notably, the high photon energy of UV222 facilitated substantial ozone formation (6.5 × 10–9–1.61 × 10–6 M•cm2•mW-1), and potentially promoted electron transfer through the formation of excited states of oxidants and TPs. For CBZ-EP, the degradation pathways under UV222/oxidant treatments involved amide hydrolysis, epoxide hydrolysis/oxidation, decarboxylation, dehydrogenation, and aromatization. Economic analysis further confirmed the feasibility of UV222-based technologies. Moreover, the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) inhibited TPs removal in the UV222-AOPs, while concurrently altering the optical properties of DOM. DOM underwent dealkylation, oxygenation, and decarboxylation pathways, resulting in the formation of more saturated and highly oxidized molecules, along with the potential generation of disinfection by-products. This study provides insights into the mechanisms of TPs removal by UV222-AOPs and the molecular-level transformation of coexisting DOM, offering guidance for the optimization of advanced wastewater treatment processes.

159. 题目: Magnetic sludge-bamboo biochar as 3D particle electrodes for electrocatalytic landfill leachate remediation and toxicity assessment
文章编号: N26050205
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: LiPing Ai, LinFeng Guo, Yan Lei, BoYuan Wu, CiLai Tang, XueLi Chen, Kai Zheng, YongLin Chen, Wei Jin, HaiTao Li
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: The simultaneous removal of high-concentration residual chlorine (e.g., NaClO) and refractory organics, along with the safe disposal of heavy-metal-laden sludge, present as major challenges in wastewater treatment. To address these issues, we developed a magnetic biochar-based three-dimensional (3D) particle electrode (SBC-Fe) through a “waste-to-resource” co-pyrolysis of iron-rich coagulation sludge and bamboo waste. Functioning as a synergistic platform, SBC-Fe effectively combines physical adsorption with electrocatalytic activity, enabling the highly efficient and simultaneous degradation of NaClO and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in complex matrices. Mechanistic studies reveal that the degradation is governed by a dual-pathway process: a radical pathway dominated by reactive species·OH,·Cl, ClO·, and SO₄·⁻ in sulfate matrices), and a non-radical pathway sustained by the Fe⁰, Fe²⁺, redox cycle on the biochar surface. Furthermore, the SBC-Fe system exhibits broad substrate tolerance and strong anti-interference capabilities in high-salinity environments. Its optimal performance under alkaline conditions (pH =11) underscores its practical viability for treating real-world industrial effluents, such as landfill leachate and textile wastewater. Finally, in vivo assessments using zebrafish embryos confirmed a significant reduction in both the acute and neurotoxicity of the treated effluent. This work offers a stable, efficient, and ecologically safe strategy for the advanced remediation of complex wastewater streams.

160. 题目: Effect of different organic-to-inorganic phosphorus ratios on organic phosphorus mineralization and microbial functions during composting
文章编号: N26050204
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Zhen Wu, Yuquan Wei, Tong Guo, Long D Nghiem, Zimin Wei, Yue Zhao
更新时间: 2026-05-02
摘要: Compost is not only a good choice for soil conditioner, but also a potential phosphorus (P) fertilizer for plant growth. However, how initial organic-to-inorganic P (Po:Pi) ratios of organic waste modulate microbial P transformation affecting P availability in composting has yet to be elucidated. In this study, food waste composting with diverse initial Po:Pi ratios (1:4, 1:3, 1:2, 2:1 and 3:1) were compared for a 50-day period to investigate the dynamics of P fractions, phosphatase activities, microbial community succession, and the P-cycling functional genes. Results showed that the highest Olsen-P accumulation (61.1%) occurred at Po:Pi ratio of 1:4, whereas the highest Olsen-P increment (17.3%) was observed at 2:1. During the thermophilic phase, Olsen-P and phosphatase activities declined and subsequently rebounded during the cooling phase. Random forest analysis identified Bacillus, Virgibacillus, and Sinibacillus as phosphatase-related taxa, with Virgibacillus exerting a particularly positive effect on alkaline phosphatase activity. Po:Pi ratios > 2:1 significantly enhanced the expression of appA, phoD, and pqqC genes during the thermophilic phase, whereas ratios < 1:2 favored ppk gene. Network analysis revealed that potential hosts of P transformation genes were predominantly affiliated with Firmicutes. Structural equation modeling confirmed that higher Po:Pi ratio significantly stimulated key bacterial communities to enhance phosphatase activities, thereby facilitating Olsen-P accumulation. Therefore, this study highlights the critical role of Po:Pi ratios in optimizing P utilization in compost products.