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61. 题目: Dissolved oxygen control on manganese release and component-selective DOM transport at the sediment–water interface: A mechanistic geochemical study of lake biwa sediments
文章编号: N26072813
期刊: Applied Geochemistry
作者: Yasuro Fuse, Hitomi Tsuda, Hiroko Okuda, Xue Chu, Yasuhiko T Yamaguchi, Kazuhide Hayakawa
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Bottom-water deoxygenation is intensifying in many stratified lakes, yet quantitative links between dissolved oxygen (DO) and sediment redox fluxes and dissolved organic matter (DOM) exchange remain uncertain. Here we used long-duration intact-core incubations from Lake Biwa (Japan) under three controlled DO regimes (0, 2.6, and 10 mg L−1 at 7°C) to evaluate how DO modulates Mn/Fe/P mobility and the relative transport/retention of humic-like vs protein-like fluorescent DOM components. Anoxia triggered large Mn release (to ∼40 mg L−1 by day 120), whereas 2.6 and 10 mg L−1 suppressed Mn to ≤0.5 mg L−1 (∼130× lower). In contrast, dissolved Fe and P remained low across treatments (<0.5 and < 0.3 mg L−1). Fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) showed preferential accumulation of protein-like signals in pore waters, while fulvic acid–like (FA-like) signals were more evident in overlying waters. Nernst/Gibbs calculations yield a thermodynamic ordering consistent with preferential Mn reduction before Fe under our experimental conditions, though this interpretation remains a working hypothesis pending direct verification. We emphasize that our incubations represent a gas-controlled, closed-water design that excludes bioturbation and advective transport, and that fluorescence classes are operational proxies rather than direct molecular-size measurements. Together, these results provide testable, physicochemically grounded hypotheses for DO-sensitive Mn cycling and DOM partitioning at sediment–water interfaces in stratified lakes.

62. 题目: Mechanism of clay minerals in promoting organic matter sequestration and humification during chicken manure composting
文章编号: N26072812
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Jiaran Chen, Kangyue Zhang, Hanqi Li, Zimin Wei
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: To accelerate the humification process and promote organic matter sequestration during aerobic composting, this work assessed how various clay minerals facilitate organic matter sequestration and humic acid synthesis in chicken manure composting. A composting trial was set up, including a control and three treatments incorporating montmorillonite , halloysite , and sepiolite , respectively. A water-permeable membrane encapsulation technique was employed to isolate the clay minerals from the composting feedstock in order to monitor their adsorption behavior towards organic matter. Montmorillonite treatment group demonstrated the most significant effect on organic matter sequestration. It achieved the lowest organic matter loss rate (22.14%), the highest HA content (68.81 mg/g), and the lowest fulvic acid (FA) content (8.28 mg/g), indicating effective FA-to-HA conversion. Montmorillonite enriched humification-related taxa (Actinobacteria, Firmicutes) and formed clay-organic complexes via hydrogen bonding. Structural equation modeling revealed that clay minerals promoted the synthesis and accumulation of humic acid by regulating the synergistic interactions among microbial community structure, organic matter components, and microenvironmental factors. In summary, montmorillonite exhibits excellent performance in enhancing organic matter retention, stabilizing the microbial community, and promoting humic acid formation. This provides a theoretical basis for improving compost quality and achieving efficient resource utilization of organic solid waste.

63. 题目: Coexisting ions and humic acid regulate Cd²⁺ adsorption on biotite: Mechanistic insights
文章编号: N26072811
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Dongxia Luo, Kun Cheng, Yanbin Wang, Peixin Wang, Yuyin Miao, Xiuqin Kong, Yunlong Yang
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Understanding the adsorption behavior of Cd²⁺ onto mineral surfaces is pivotal for addressing severe Cd contamination in mining areas. However, most existing studies have focused exclusively on single-Cd²⁺ systems, which are far removed from real-world environmental scenarios. In fact, Cd²⁺ typically coexists with other metal ions (e.g., Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺) and humic acid in heavy metal-contaminated sites. Yet, while the individual impacts of these factors are widely recognized, the precise competitive dynamics and interfacial behaviors of Cd2 + under such environmentally relevant multi-component conditions warrant a more systematic, molecular-level investigation. To tackle this critical issue, this study systematically investigated Cd²⁺ adsorption onto biotite in the presence of coexisting ions (i.e., Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺) and humic acid (HA) using batch experiments combined with spectroscopic techniques. Batch results revealed that pH and ionic strength strongly regulated Cd²⁺ adsorption: in 0.001 M NaNO₃, adsorption efficiency increased sharply from 7.18% to 92.14% as pH rose from 2.3 to 9.5; at pH 7, increasing ionic strength (0.001–0.1 M NaNO₃) induced a 40% reduction in Cd²⁺ uptake. Supported by SEM-EDS, XRD, and XPS characterizations, these findings strongly suggest that inner-sphere complexation and ion exchange/outer-sphere were the dominant adsorption mechanisms. Coexisting ions exerted distinct effects: Pb²⁺ markedly inhibited Cd²⁺ adsorption via competitive binding to identical sites, whereas Zn²⁺ showed no notable impact—attributed to its specific adsorption onto biotite surface defects (supported by FT-IR observations). HA exhibited a pH-dependent dual role: it enhanced Cd²⁺ adsorption at low pH (3.6–6.6) through formation of biotite-HA-Cd²⁺ ternary complexes, but inhibited adsorption at high pH (>6.6) by forming water-soluble HA-Cd²⁺ complexes.

64. 题目: Potential carbon sequestration promoted by subsoiling: Tracing the fate of exogenous glucose and priming effect in soil aggregates
文章编号: N26072810
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Xinkun Liu, Yi Lv, Xiaochun Li, Yecheng Zhang, Jingyi Shao, Ruxin Li, Fiston Bizimana, Xiaowen Xu, Xianfeng Zhang, Qisong Gao, Xiaohan Duan, Huifang Han, Ling Liu
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Soil aggregates serve as sites for soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralisation reactions, where agricultural tillage practices influence SOC mineralisation by altering the distribution of microorganisms within these aggregates. Subsoiling (SS, Subsoiling tines spaced 60 cm apart) alters the properties of soil aggregates and their microbial communities, potentially triggering specific priming effect (PE). However, the mechanism by which exogenous carbon inputs into soil aggregates drive microbial effects on PE remains unclear. This study utilized 13C-labeled glucose and phospholipid fatty acid analysis methods to investigate the fate of exogenous glucose and PE in different soil aggregate sizes (2–5 mm, 0.25–2 mm and 0.053–0.25 mm) under conventional tillage (CT) and SS. The results showed that 65%–100% of added glucose decomposed in soil aggregates, with 47%–93% emitted as glucose-derived CO2 and 7%–26% converted to glucose-derived SOC. Compared to CT, SS reduced glucose-derived CO2 in large macro-aggregates (LMA, 2–5 mm) and micro-aggregates (MA, 0.053–0.25 mm), while increasing glucose-derived SOC (67%–82%). The SS also lowered the PE and reduced the net soil C loss, also, a reduction in the biomass of fungi and Gram-positive (G+) bacteria was observed. Overall, exogenous glucose is more extensively decomposed into CO2, with only a small amount being converted into SOC. Under the conditions of this 30‑day laboratory incubation, SS was associated with enhanced SOC retention and reduced CO2 emissions, possibly by modulating the overall structure of the microbial community, which corresponded to a less negative net soil C balance. However, long‑term field validation is required to confirm actual carbon sequestration. This study highlights that SS can improve short term retention of exogenous glucose derived carbon in soil aggregates.

65. 题目: Spatial variability, key covariates, and scenario-based responses of soil organic carbon in a subtropical karst region
文章编号: N26072809
期刊: Geoderma
作者: Wang Xingfu, Jiang Yongcheng, Zhang Zhenming, Yan Chao
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key component of ecosystem functioning and climate mitigation, yet its spatial variability in karst landscapes remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we analyzed the spatial pattern of SOC in Guizhou Province using multi-source geospatial datasets, machine-learning models, SHAP-based interpretation, and scenario simulations. A total of 3,000 grid-based observations were extracted from public soil and environmental datasets for the 0–30 cm layer. Among the five tested models, Random Forest (RF) achieved the best predictive performance, with an R2 of 0.92, an MAE of 0.71 g/kg, and an RMSE of 0.91 g/kg. SHAP analysis identified bulk density (BD), total nitrogen (TN), and mean annual precipitation (MAP) as the most relevant predictors of SOC. Pairwise SHAP interaction analysis indicated that the interaction hierarchy was stable across repeated 5-fold resampling, with BD-TN showing the strongest interaction, followed by BD-MAP and TN-MAP. Scenario simulations further showed that reducing BD by 5 % increased mean SOC by 16.57 %, whereas increasing TN by 10 % increased SOC by 4.02 %. The combined improvement scenario (BD − 5 %, TN + 10 %, MAP + 5 %) produced the largest positive response, with SOC increasing by 16.80 %, while the combined degradation scenario (BD + 5 %, TN − 10 %, MAP − 5 %) reduced SOC by 12.77 %. These results suggest that SOC spatial variability in Guizhou’s karst region is associated with the joint influence of soil physical condition, nutrient status, and hydrothermal background, and that integrated improvement of these conditions may generate stronger positive model responses than single-factor changes alone. Overall, this study provides a scale-explicit and interpretable framework for understanding SOC distribution and scenario-based SOC responses in subtropical karst regions.

66. 题目: Metagenomic insights into the mechanisms of heteroatom-doped, iron-loaded biochar in enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
文章编号: N26072808
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Junguo He, Yunlong Liu, Yuanyi Zhao, Tong Wei, Zhihan Gong, Yvhan Wu, Xv Kang, Wei Zhang, Jiaxiang Ma, Zhaorui Chu, Randeng Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Anaerobic digestion is a crucial technology for resource recovery from waste activated sludge. Enhancing its methane production efficiency using conductive materials is a key research objective. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which conductive materials promote this process. Three types of biochar(FeS@BC300, FeP@BC600, and FeP@BC900) were prepared by doping bamboo powder with N, P, S and iron salts under pyrolysis conditions at 300-900 °C, and their physical and chemical properties were characterized, including surface functional groups, specific surface area, capacitance, electrical resistance, electron-accepting capacity (EAC), and electron-donating capacity (EDC). These analyses assessed the influence of synthesis parameters. These materials were subsequently introduced into the anaerobic digestion of thermally hydrolyzed sludge to evaluate their impacts on methanogenic performance, microbial community structure, and metabolic pathways. The results show that the FeP@BC600 material, which exhibited the highest EDC, substantially increased microbial cytochrome c production (by 29.2 % compared to the control). This enhancement improved interspecies electron transfer, stimulated ATP synthesis (increased by 41.5 %), and reinforced both hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenic pathways, ultimately elevating methane production by 55 %. Integrated analysis of metagenomic data, material properties, and performance metrics revealed that the key mechanism by which FeP@BC600 promotes methanogenesis is through the enrichment of cytochrome c-encoding genes, thereby facilitating direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) and augmenting ATP synthesis. This study provides a foundation for the subsequent application of conductive materials to enhance anaerobic digestion and offers guidance for the optimized design of such materials.

67. 题目: Synergistic enhancement of CO2 adsorption on MgO-nanoparticle-loaded corn straw biochar: insights from ball milling pathways and DFT calculations
文章编号: N26072807
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Peizhen Zhang, Chenxi Li, Lili Huo, Lixin Zhao, Zonglu Yao
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: To enhance the application potential of straw-based biochar in CO2 capture, this study prepared nano-MgO-supported biochar (MgO/BMBC) via a combined ball-milling and MgO-modified pyrolysis activation process. The CO2 adsorption performance of the material was systematically investigated, and the adsorption mechanism was elucidated through structure-property relationship analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results indicate that wet-milled biochar (W-MgO@BMBC) exhibits a hierarchical pore structure and a specific surface area of 323.14 m2·g−1. This method promotes the formation of a hierarchical porous structure, the presence of oxygen-containing basic groups, and the loading of MgO. The maximum CO2 capture capacity reached 1.29 mol·kg−1 under conditions of 273 K and 1 bar, with the mechanism of action being a synergistic effect of physical and chemical adsorption. The CO2/N2 selectivity is 40.28, and after five cycles, the adsorption capacity loss is significant at approximately 40%, necessitating further improvement. DFT calculations indicate that enhancing the affinity between MgO/BMBC and CO2 and facilitating electron transfer reduces the adsorption energy, thereby improving CO2 capture performance. This study provides a new strategy for the preparation of highly efficient, low-cost solid CO2 adsorbents.

68. 题目: Dissolved nutrient (DOC, DSi and nitrate) dynamics of a regulated tropical river from Western Ghats, Sharavati: emphasis on cyclone-enhanced monsoons
文章编号: N26072806
期刊: Environmental Earth Sciences
作者: Vadakkeveedu Narayan Amrish, V Sakthivel, Keshava Balakrishna, Kumar Arun, D’Souza Nishitha, Harikripa Narayana Udayashankar
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: This study investigates the seasonal dynamics and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved silica (DSi) and dissolved nitrate in the Sharavati River catchment, Western Ghats, and their transfer to the estuary. DOC exhibited moderate seasonal and spatial variability, with maximum concentrations in pre- and post-monsoon (up to 5.66 mg/L) linked to leaching of forest litter and soil organic matter mobilization, while monsoon values were lowest due to dilution. DSi showed spatial control over its concentrations across different seasons. DSi concentrations were highest upstream (27 mg/L in pre-monsoon 2019) due to intense silicate weathering, but declined downstream under the influence of damming, biological uptake, and dilution. Nitrate concentrations exhibited strong seasonal as well as spatial control. Nitrate peaked during the enhanced monsoon by cyclonic events (up to 1.56 mg/L), reflecting runoff and agricultural inputs, whereas pre-monsoon levels were minimal due to reduced discharge and enhanced denitrification. The estimated annual fluxes to the estuary were 1,966 t yr⁻¹ for nitrate, 6,610 t yr⁻¹ for DOC, and 36,000 t yr⁻¹ for DSi. Relative to other west-flowing rivers of India, the Sharavati displayed lower nitrate and DOC fluxes (65 and 104 kg km⁻² yr⁻¹, respectively), consistent with its largely forested catchment, while its DSi flux (753 kg km⁻² yr⁻¹) was moderate, shaped by lithology and reservoir regulation. These findings underscore the role of monsoonal effects enhanced by cyclones and damming in controlling nutrient and carbon export. This study contributes to biogeochemical datasets assessing Arabian Sea ecosystem responses.

69. 题目: Microbial community regulation of spectral and molecular characteristics of soil dissolved organic matter in typical heavy metal-contaminated soil
文章编号: N26072805
期刊: Environmental Earth Sciences
作者: Pei Xu, Rongfei Wei, Yinbo Xu, Sinan Liu, Changqiu Zhao, Xin Li, Fengxin Kang, Qingjun Guo
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Heavy metals alter microbial communities and impact soil carbon storage and transformation. However, it remains unclear whether different types of industrial pollution leave distinct molecular fingerprints on soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and whether such patterns are driven by specific microbial mechanisms. Using an integrated approach that combined fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C_org) analysis, and high-throughput sequencing, we compared soils from representative smelting, mining, and natural background sites in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. The results showed that there was a generally positive correlation between heavy metals in the soil at the smelting site and total organic carbon (TOC), with significant enrichment of the ¹³C, and a strong response of bacteria to easily degradable DOM. Conversely, the recalcitrant components in the DOM of the mining site soil had a strong response to fungi. And the sulfur-containing molecules (CHOS, 15.21%) and nitrogen-sulfur-containing molecules (CHONS, 15.30%) in the DOM were enriched. Structural equation modeling (SEM) further confirmed that heavy metals, especially Cd and Pb, influence DOM characteristics primarily through reshaping microbial community composition. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate, at both molecular and isotopic levels, that different industrial sources leave distinguishable geochemical and microbiological fingerprints in soils. These findings provide a novel theoretical framework and technical basis for precise pollution source apportionment and ecological risk assessment, offering valuable guidance for the management and restoration of heavily contaminated soils.

70. 题目: Study on Adsorption Performance and Mechanism of Diallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride -Modified Moso Bamboo Biochar for Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
文章编号: N26072804
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Erming Ouyang, Yuhanxiao Xia, Wanyuan He, Heyan Gong, Hongwei Yang
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Biochar adsorption is a low-cost and effective technology for controlling perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) pollution in aqueous environments. However, the limited specific surface area, low surface positive charge density, and single adsorption mechanism of pristine biochar restrict its PFOA removal efficiency in actual water bodies. In this study, moso bamboo was used as the raw material to prepare a quaternary ammonium functionalized biochar (DBBC) via a coupled strategy of KOH activation and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDA) grafting modification. Structural characterization confirmed that DBBC possessed a high specific surface area of 1067.68 m2/g with a well-developed mesoporous structure (2.0–3.0 nm); the successful introduction of quaternary ammonium groups adjusted its isoelectric point (pHpzc) to 8.0, broadening the pH window for efficient PFOA adsorption. Adsorption experiments showed that DBBC achieved a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 123.44 mg/g for PFOA at 35℃, with a 20%–40% shorter adsorption equilibrium time compared with unmodified biochar. The adsorption process fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, and thermodynamic analysis confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption. The high-efficiency PFOA removal by DBBC was driven by the synergistic effect of electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic interaction, pore confinement, and hydrogen bonding. DBBC maintained 89.70% PFOA removal efficiency after five adsorption–desorption cycles, and exhibited excellent anti-interference ability against coexisting ions and natural organic matter in actual water bodies. This study provides a facile and cost-effective strategy for the fabrication of high-performance biochar adsorbents for PFOA remediation.

71. 题目: Synergistic Upcycling of Sewage Sludge and Rice Straw into Magnetic Biochar for Enhanced Sb(V) Removal: Adsorption Performance and Mechanisms
文章编号: N26072803
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Yun Zhang, Min Yao, Yubo Liu, Huasheng Gao
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: The widespread use of antimony (Sb) in textile catalysis has led to wastewater contamination dominated by Sb(OH)₆⁻, which is difficult to remove using conventional treatments. This study presented a sustainable waste-to-value strategy for the synergistic upcycling of sewage sludge and rice straw into a magnetic biochar (MBC) for Sb(V) removal. The optimized MBC, M_0.3-S/R(4:1)-BC, was synthesized through co-pyrolysis combined with iron co-precipitation, yielding a composite with enhanced specific surface area, abundant oxygen-containing functional groups and well-dispersed iron oxide particles, achieving a high Sb(V) removal efficiency of > 90% at a low dosage of 0.5 g/L within a wide pH range (pH 4 ~ 10). The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 47.50 mg/g at 313 K, was spontaneous and endothermic. Spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the mechanism was primarily governed by strong chelation with -Fe-O-Fe groups (E_ads = -3.81 eV), aided by ligand exchange with -COOH groups (E_ads = -1.07 eV), hydrogen bonding with -OH/-NH₂ groups and π-π interactions with aromatic rings. The MBC retained 72% of adsorption efficiency after five regeneration cycles and demonstrated effective Sb and P elimination in real textile wastewater, highlighting the practical promise of this synergy-driven, waste-derived adsorbent for sustainable water treatment.

72. 题目: Degradation of Phenol in Water by Manganese-Loaded Biochar Activated Peroxymonosulfate
文章编号: N26072802
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Jiayi Wang, Yaoyuan Zhang, Yongpeng Tang, Mengling He, Xiaoxun Xu
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: To address the issues of poor accessibility of active sites and mass transfer limitations in the heterogeneous catalytic activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), a manganese-based biochar (BMnC) was prepared via citric acid-assisted pyrolysis combined with in-situ redox co-precipitation. Its efficacy in activating PMS for the removal of phenol from water was investigated through systematic characterization, multi-factor degradation experiments, and reactive species quenching assays. The results indicate that BMnC exhibits excellent catalytic activity in PMS activation for phenol degradation. Under the condition of a catalyst dosage of 0.50 g L⁻¹, the reaction rate constant reached 0.9476 min⁻¹, outperforming pristine biochar and pure MnO₂ The system demonstrated strong environmental adaptability, maintaining high efficiency over a wide pH range of 3–11 and showing good resistance to various coexisting anions. Characterization and mechanistic studies revealed that citric acid modification significantly increased the specific surface area and exposure of active sites on the material. BMnC facilitates the formation of low-valent manganese intermediates (Mn(II)-O–O-SO₃⁻) through interfacial electron transfer, thereby promoting the generation of SO₄^•⁻ and ^•OH radicals, which synergistically work with the ¹O₂ non-radical pathway to achieve efficient phenol degradation. The encapsulation effect of biochar enhanced the chemical stability of the catalyst. This study provides a new strategy for developing efficient and stable manganese-based heterogeneous catalytic materials for the treatment of phenolic organic wastewater.

73. 题目: Warming accelerates soil organic carbon mineralization in thawed seasonally frozen ground by reshaping carbon fractions
文章编号: N26072801
期刊: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
作者: Peng Wang, Shenghao Ai, Qinqing Yang, Jingyao Xiao, Xiaoyan Ai, Jinqiang Ma, Yingwei Ai
更新时间: 2026-07-28
摘要: Seasonally frozen ground (SFG) strongly regulates soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, yet the vulnerability of thawed SFG soils to warming remains unclear. We conducted a 45-day laboratory incubation using alpine meadow soils from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau under three temperature treatments (5, 15, and 25 ℃). We quantified SOC mineralization temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀), assessed changes in carbon fractions and extracellular enzyme activities, and applied random forest (RF) analysis and partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) to identify key drivers and pathways regulating SOC mineralization. The Q₁₀ values of thawed SFG soils ranged from 0.53 and 4.69 (1.72 ± 0.94). Warming significantly altered the size of the potentially mineralizable carbon pool and changed the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC), with DOC decreasing by 94.91–97.88%, POC declining by up to 19.37%, and SOC decreasing by approximately 48% at 25 ℃. Warming increased the activities of β-D-cellobiosidase (CBH) and phenol oxidase (POX) and reshaped carbon–enzyme relationships. It weakened the coupling between DOC and labile carbon-degrading enzymes but strengthened the negative associations of CBH with DOC, MAOC, and SOC, suggesting a shift in microbial carbon acquisition from labile substrates toward more recalcitrant particulate and mineral-associated pools. RF identified SUC, DOC, CAT, CBH, and POX as the dominant predictors of SOC mineralization rate, while PLS-PM showed that warming promoted SOC mineralization both directly and indirectly through changes in carbon fractions. These results indicate that SOC mineralization in thawed SFG soils is governed by labile carbon availability. Continued warming may accelerate the conversion of SFG from a carbon sink to a carbon source, with implications for regional climate feedbacks.

74. 题目: From Salt‐Affected Marginal Land Resource to Remediation Agent: Halophyte‐Derived Biochar for Ameliorating Cd‐Contaminated Acidic Soil
文章编号: N26072608
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Shaoqing Ge, Zhenyong Zhao, Ke Zhang, Changyan Tian
更新时间: 2026-07-26
摘要: Cadmium (Cd) contamination of acidic soils poses a significant threat to ecosystem stability and crop health. This study evaluated the potential of biochar derived from the halophyte Salicornia europaea (SBC), a salt‐tolerant plant that grows on saline‐alkali marginal land, to remediate Cd‐contaminated acidic soil. A pot experiment was conducted using acidic soil spiked with 3 mg kg −1 Cd and amended with SBC at 0%, 1%, and 2% ( w/w ). The results showed that compared to the control, 1% and 2% SBC treatments increased the rhizosphere soil pH by 0.7 and 1.4 units, respectively, and significantly enhanced organic matter content and cation exchange capacity. In addition, these treatments reduced the concentration of available Cd in rhizosphere soil by 14.0% and 33.9%, respectively. Furthermore, biochar promoted plant growth and increased the photosynthetic rate, while Cd accumulation in plants was significantly reduced by 51.3% and 52.6%. Metabolomic analysis revealed that SBC upregulated the tryptophan metabolic pathway, with indoleacetic acid and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid being the predominant metabolites. Their accumulation in rhizosphere soil was associated with enhanced plant stress tolerance and growth. Although the soil electrical conductivity increased with SBC addition, no negative effects on plant growth were observed. These findings indicate that SBC can effectively immobilize Cd, improve soil quality, and facilitate plant growth in acidic contaminated soils, thus offering a promising strategy for sustainable remediation. This approach suggests a potential pathway for utilizing resources from marginal lands to remediate acidic contaminated soils, thereby contributing to sustainable land management and environmental protection.

75. 题目: New insights into biochar-promoted Mn(VII) oxidation of diclofenac: A unique electron transfer mechanism
文章编号: N26072607
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Yankun Liu, Xianhuai Huang, Kun Wang, Yuchao Tang, Beiping Zhang
更新时间: 2026-07-26
摘要: Permanganate (Mn(VII)) selectively oxidizes contaminants containing electron-rich functional groups. However, Mn(VII) reactivity toward many recalcitrant compounds remains limited. Herein, biochars derived from different feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures enhanced Mn(VII)-mediated diclofenac (DCF) degradation across pH 5–9. DCF degradation strongly depended on the feedstock type, graphitization degree, and solution pH. Mechanistic analyses revealed distinct pH-dependent pathways. Under acidic conditions, reactive manganese species (RMnS), including MnO2 and Mn(III), mainly contributed to accelerated DCF degradation. In contrast, under neutral and alkaline conditions, DCF adsorbed onto biochar CO groups to form metastable biochar-DCF* complexes with lower reduction potentials than pristine DCF. This process increased the susceptibility of DCF to oxidation and facilitated electron transfer to Mn(VII), which differed from the previously reported pathway involving high-potential Mn(VII)–catalyst complexes. These findings reveal the pH-dependent roles of RMnS-mediated oxidation and biochar–contaminant complex-mediated electron transfer, highlighting a biochar-specific mechanism for Mn(VII)-mediated contaminant degradation.

76. 题目: Optimization of 3D-printed structures incorporating stainless steel mesh in Sono-Fenton process for coagulation-resistant DOM and micropollutant removal
文章编号: N26072606
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Seung-Woo Nam, Jun-Yeoul Choi, Ji-Haeng Jeong, Su-Hyeong Bong
更新时间: 2026-07-26
摘要: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) exhibit high degradative potential but often suffer from narrow operating windows, incomplete mineralization, excessive sludge production, and limited scalability—particularly when treating coagulation-resistant dissolved organic matter (CR-DOM; SUVA 2–3 L/mg∙m) in wastewater effluents. CR-DOM represents a refractory fraction that resists conventional coagulation and is more recalcitrant than typical organic matter. To address these limitations, a heterogeneous sono-Fenton process using stainless steel mesh (SSM) and FeSO₄ was optimized via Taguchi design. Optimal conditions (pH 3, 7 mg/L FeSO₄, 25 mg/L H₂O₂, 85 g/L SSM, 580 kHz ultrasound) achieved 72% CR-DOM removal with minimal sludge generation. Incorporation of vertically 3D-printed SSM structures further enhanced removal to 94% through improved cavitation and mass transfer. Hydroxyl radical (• OH) dominance was confirmed using coumarin fluorescence and radical scavenging tests, indicating that •OH is an important reactive species contributing to CR-DOM oxidation. In a CR-DOM matrix co-spiked with bisphenol A (BPA, 50 μg/L), the hybrid system achieved 93% BPA removal and substantial TOC reduction, outperforming conventional AOPs, including homogeneous Fenton. The system showed strong synergistic effects, increasing apparent reaction rate constants by over 10-fold compared to conventional sono-Fenton while maintaining low specific electrical energy consumption. The integration of statistical Taguchi design with 3D-printed SSM architecture not only improves process robustness and reaction control but also enhances the scalability of lab-scale AOP research, offering a practical, energy-efficient pathway for multipollutant treatment in controlled laboratory systems and providing a basis for future validation in real wastewater matrices.

77. 题目: Niche differentiation and interaction between earthworm functional groups shape distinct soil carbon fate
文章编号: N26072605
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Kai Ma, Caide Huang, Jie Huang, Yuquan Wei, Zhangliu Du, Jia Cao, Weixin Zhang, Yvan Capowiez, Yuhui Qiao
更新时间: 2026-07-26
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics are strongly regulated by biological processes, with earthworms serving as key ecosystem engineers. However, the mechanisms by which different ecological groups of earthworms jointly mediate SOC redistribution and stabilization remain poorly understood. To address this, a controlled macrocosm experiment with a full-factorial design was established and combined with 13C isotope tracing to systematically evaluate how epigeic earthworms (Eisenia fetida), anecic earthworms (Amynthas carnosus), and their mixed assemblages influence SOC distribution and transformation under straw input. Results showed that earthworms did not simply increase or decrease SOC but promoted carbon redistribution from active pools (dissolved organic carbon, DOC and microbial biomass carbon, MBC) to more stable pools (particulate organic carbon, POC and mineral-associated organic carbon, MAOC). The mixed-earthworm treatment achieved the highest SOC accumulation (4.33 g kg−1), 18–27% higher than single-species treatments, with ∼23.3% of the SOC increment derived from wheat straw. SOC exhibited a “decrease-then-increase” pattern, suggesting that earthworm activity triggered initial priming followed by stabilization. Epigeic species enhanced surface decomposition and labile carbon turnover, whereas anecic species promoted deep-soil carbon stabilization via aggregate formation and organo–mineral associations. Their coexistence generated complementary effects coupling rapid decomposition with carbon retention. Notably, earthworm casts contained up to 5.53 g kg−1 SOC—20–35% higher than the surrounding soil—and showed a compositional shift from DOC and MBC toward POC and MAOC. This indicates that earthworm casts play a crucial mediating role in the transformation of labile organic matter into stable carbon pools. Overall, this study provides the first quantitative evidence that earthworm functional diversity and the distinct contributions of casts collectively regulate SOC redistribution and persistence. These findings address gaps in how functional interactions and cast-specific processes are represented in SOC models, underscoring the need to explicitly incorporate such biogenic mechanisms into predictions of soil carbon sequestration and carbon–climate feedbacks.

78. 题目: Biochar enhances anaerobic oxidation of methane coupled with Cr(VI) reduction: Pyrolysis temperature-dependent electron transfer pathways and regulatory mechanisms
文章编号: N26072604
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Lianfu Liang, Yepu Li, Xiaofeng Fu, Rui Lin, Keying Liu, Zhiqiang Zhao
更新时间: 2026-07-26
摘要: Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled with Cr(VI) reduction offers a promising strategy for synergistic remediation of methane and chromium co-contamination, but is constrained by inefficient interspecies electron transfer (IET). Biochar can facilitate IET via its tunable electrochemical properties, yet how pyrolysis temperature governs this process remains unclear. Herein, biochars prepared at 300 °C (BC300) and 800 °C (BC800) were compared to elucidate their regulatory mechanisms on AOM-coupled Cr(VI) reduction. Biochar amendment significantly improved Cr(VI) removal: BC800 achieved complete reduction of 50.0 mg/L Cr(VI) within 34 days, versus 77.4 % for BC300 and 39.6 % for the control. Electrochemical analysis revealed that BC300 facilitated mediated interspecies electron transfer via redox-active functional groups as electron shuttles, whereas graphitized BC800 facilitated direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) via its high conductivity, markedly reducing electron transfer resistance and enhancing electron transport system activity. Microbial and metagenomic analyses revealed BC800 enriched Methanospirillum and Geobacter, and upregulated genes encoding DIET-related PilA protein and c-type cytochromes. These findings elucidate a complete electron route, where Methanospirillum transfers electrons generated from methane oxidation to Geobacter via BC800 acting as an electron conduit, and then Geobacter delivers electrons to extracellular Cr(VI) through conductive pili to complete the reduction process, verifying DIET as the core enhancement mechanism. This study demonstrates the prominent application superiority of high-temperature conductive biochar, and provides a robust scientific basis for rational design of functional carbon materials for synergistic methane mitigation and heavy metal remediation.

79. 题目: Advanced modification of biomass-derived biochar for selenium capture: from molecular adsorption mechanisms to circular economy perspectives
文章编号: N26072603
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Anand Harsh Dwivedi, S L Neeraja, Hamidha Kunnath, P V Nidheesh
更新时间: 2026-07-26
摘要: Water contamination by toxic elements such as selenium, poses a serious global concern, as it creates problems for aquatic ecosystems, food safety and human health through exposure from drinking water sources, even at low concentrations. Industrialization, mining activities and agricultural runoff are the major sources of selenium in natural waters, which results in ecological damage and bioaccumulation in food chain. Conventional treatment methods face challenges such as high operational cost, limited selectivity, and generation of secondary pollutants. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from biomass, along with its modifications has emerged as a promising adsorbent for removing selenium oxyanions due to its porous structure, more functional groups, high surface area, and properties enhanced by modification. However, the removal of selenium by biochar is still in progress considering its practical applicability and efficacy for selenium adsorption. Here we review various effects of selenium oxyanions on the human health, advances in the modification of biochar for selenium oxyanion removal, indicating how modifying the biochar enhances the adsorption, selectivity, and stability. This review also examines the dual health implications of selenium speciation alongside different strategies of biochar functionalization including acid-alkali treatment which optimizes pores on the surface and adds functional group density, metal and metal oxide, which improve the surface charge and electrostatic interactions, nanocomposites modification enhances the redox activity and active site density, whereas magnetic modification streamlines phase separation and material recovery. Different modifications add various mechanism such as electrostatic interaction, surface complexation, and redox reaction for the adsorption of selenium oxyanions, with regeneration study confirming its potential reusability. Finally, the conclusion and future perspectives include the issues of scale-up, adsorption of selenium during column studies, and safe disposal of selenium laden biochar as a sustainable, circular economy solution for water purification and environmental protection.

80. 题目: Identification of Organic Radicals in Aqueous Environments by DIPPMPO Spin Trapping Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
文章编号: N26072602
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Xuewen Luo, Yangjian Zhou, Liangke Gong, Yanheng Pan, Shuangshuang Cheng, Xin Yang
更新时间: 2026-07-26
摘要: Organic radicals are key reactive intermediates that govern pollutant transformation and biogeochemical cycling in aquatic environments, yet their direct identification remains challenging because of structural diversity, low concentrations, and transient lifetimes. This study introduces a robust analytical workflow that integrates the spin-trapping agent 5-(diisopropoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DIPPMPO) with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) for the systematic detection and identification of organic radicals in complex aqueous matrices. Systematic validation confirmed the high stability and linear concentration response of DIPPMPO-radical adducts, while characteristic neutral-loss patterns (42.0470 and 166.0759 Da) provided structural confirmation across multiple organic radical classes, including phenoxyl, semiquinone, acyloxyl, peroxyl, and alkyl radicals. Applied to both engineered and natural aqueous systems, the workflow successfully identified organic radicals generated during UV-irradiated bisphenol A degradation and in sunlight-exposed dissolved organic matter (DOM). The results illustrate its ability to trace pollutant-derived organic radicals and map diverse DOM-generated organic radicals, offering new insights into transformation pathways. By delivering enhanced specificity, structural insight, and semiquantitative capability, this approach advances the mechanistic understanding of radical-mediated processes and provides a versatile platform for studying transient reactive intermediates in water treatment and environmental redox systems.