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81. 题目: Natural forest conversion to exotic pine plantations induces soil mineralogical and physicochemical changes – implications for soil organic carbon stabilization
文章编号: N26040402
期刊: Catena
作者: P Castillo, M F Albornoz, O Crovo, A Atenas, C I Czimczik, R Southard, F Aburto
更新时间: 2026-04-04
摘要: Extensive areas of native forests worldwide have been converted into exotic tree plantations, generating environmental impacts, including loss of biodiversity and alteration of critical hydrological and biogeochemical functions. Yet, the effect of this land-use change (LUC) on soil properties, especially mineralogy and carbon stabilization potential, has received less attention. This research assesses the impacts of converting former native temperate deciduous forests (Nothofagus) to evergreen conifer (pine) plantations on soils using paired plots. We compared soils to a depth of 2.4 m at five sites in south-central Chile under similar climates but contrasting soil types and parent materials, ranging from residual soils of crystalline rocks (schist [SCH-Ultisol] and granite [GR-Alfisol]) to pyroclastic deposits of different ages (recent ash [RA-Entisol], young ash [YA-Andisol], and old ash [OA-Alfisol]). Compared to native forests, plantation soils were more acidic, stored less organic carbon (SOC), and had lower exchangeable cations and higher exchangeable Al3+. Developed soils from pyroclastic deposits (OA-Alfisol and YA-Andisol) showed small changes in pH and Fe-Al near-crystalline phases. Conversely, well-developed soils from crystalline parent materials (GR-Alfisol and SCH-Ultisol) and weakly developed volcanic soils (RA-Entisol) were less resilient to this LUC, displaying changes in most physical and chemical properties, including changes in the relative abundances of near-crystalline and amorphous phases. Acidification, SOC losses, soil desiccation, and Al translocation were identified among the main processes modified by pine plantations. We found that soils with more substantial shifts in crystalline minerals (GR-Alfisol and YA-Andisol) were also more depleted in SOC and Fe-Al organometallic and amorphous phases at deeper horizons. Our findings highlight the delicate, mineral-dependent processes that stabilize and protect organic matter over decadal timescales. The substantial impact of forest conversion on mineralogical and physicochemical properties at greater soil depths than previously reported underscores the need to consider deeper soil compartments when evaluating LUC effects.

82. 题目: In situ analysis of carbon isotopes in various materials by laser-ablation isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LA-IRMS)
文章编号: N26040401
期刊: Chemical Geology
作者: Pengcheng Sun, Bin Hu, Changfu Fan, Jianfei Gao, Yanhe Li, Han Zhang, Houmin Li
更新时间: 2026-04-04
摘要: Carbon isotopes are an important geochemical tracer for studies in earth and environmental sciences. In the past few decades, in situ carbon isotope analysis has been successfully achieved by the secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and, more recently, the laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS). However, these methods suffer from matrix effects and the scarcity of matrix-matched standards for correction. In this study, laser ablation isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LA-IRMS), which combines an excimer laser and an IRMS, was proposed to perform in situ carbon isotopes analysis in carbonate, graphite, diamond and organic matter samples with δ13CVPDB values covering a wide range (from −44.60 ‰ to +2.67 ‰). With precision better than ±0.39 ‰ (1SD), the measured values are consistent with their recommended values within the analytical uncertainty at spot size of 80–100 μm. Moreover, data showed that the matrix effects among these materials can be ignored, with biases less than ±0.24 ‰ when cross-corrected. We further applied this method to various diamond samples and carbonate rocks from Bayan Obo Fe-Nb-REE deposit. This method shed new light on the application of in situ carbon isotopes analysis.

83. 题目: One-Step Pyrolysis Synthesis of a Novel Iron Tailing/Biochar/Tourmaline Ternary Composite for Enhanced Sequestration of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution and Contaminated Soil
文章编号: N26040320
期刊: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
作者: Wei Feng, Jing Lei, Hongli Diao, Shibin Xia
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: The valorization of industrial solid waste into functional materials for environmental remediation represents a critical pathway towards a circular economy. However, developing a single, low-cost material that can effectively remediate heavy metal contaminants across both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the one-step pyrolysis (at 550 °C) synthesis of a novel ternary composite from iron mine tailings (IT), biochar (BC), and tourmaline (BT) at an optimized mass ratio of 1:4:1. The resulting IT-BC-BT composite exhibits a hierarchical porous structure with a specific surface area of 187.56 m2/g (a 68.4-fold increase over raw tailings). In aqueous environments, it demonstrated exceptional performance, achieving a theoretical maximum Cd(II) adsorption capacity of 41.52 mg/g, predominantly governed by a chemisorption-driven pseudo-second-order kinetic mechanism. Furthermore, in a 90-day soil incubation experiment, the 4% (w/w) composite application effectively immobilized Cd by significantly elevating soil pH and organic matter, leading to a dramatic 88.91% reduction in its leaching potential and driving a 20.9% increase in the stable residual fraction of Cd. When applied to a 60-day plant-soil system, the composite worked synergistically with Chrysopogon zizanioides, remarkably increasing shoot and root biomass by 89.9% and 57.8%, respectively, while restricting root-to-shoot Cd translocation (translocation factor < 1). Ultimately, these quantitative findings demonstrate a powerful waste-valorization strategy, transforming a problematic industrial byproduct into a robust, multi-platform material for sustainable pollution control.

84. 题目: Degradation Kinetics for Organic Nitrogen in Bioelectrochemical Systems toward Ammonia Recovery
文章编号: N26040319
期刊: ACS ES&T Engineering
作者: McKenzie Burns, Ziyan Wu, Tia Mirsha, Andrew Beaudet, Katie Mangus, Mohan Qin
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Land application of dairy manure returns nitrogen (N) to the soil for crop production. However, direct land application of manure faces challenges such as nitrogen volatilization and imprecise manure nitrogen applications, which significantly contribute to losses to the environment while also reducing the nitrogen value of manure. Manure processing methods that can recover nitrogen, particularly organic nitrogen (orgN) in a mineralized form, in a concentrated product can increase the nutrient use efficiency, reducing the demand for manufactured nitrogen fertilizers. In this study, we investigate two operation configurations of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) for ammonia (NH₃) recovery from orgN in synthetic dairy manure. Glutamic acid, an amino acid found in high concentrations in dairy manure, was used as the N source in the synthetic feed, and the BES was operated in both microbial electrolysis cell (MEC, E_appl. = 0.8 V) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) operation modes. Samples from four time series experiments, two in each operation mode, were analyzed for chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and acetate concentrations. Raman spectroscopy was applied to track the orgN content in the time series samples throughout the experiments. Results indicated superior N removal from the anolyte in MEC mode, with an average TN removal above 95% and first-order degradation kinetics with rate coefficients between 0.05 and 0.06 h^–1. Kinetic analysis of the Raman data revealed that glutamic acid degradation to be complex and not singularly ordered in either operation mode, requiring further quantitative study. This work provides vital insight into the kinetics of degradation within BES toward a more complete understanding of anode-chamber processes. Such insight can be useful in guiding further research into BES as resource recovery mechanisms and supporting BES adaptation as manure treatment processes focused on the recovery of nutrient-rich, value-added fertilizer products.

85. 题目: Biochar‐Modulated Microbial Communities Improve Phosphorus Cycling and Rice P Uptake in Low‐P Paddy Soil
文章编号: N26040318
期刊: Land Degradation & Development
作者: Yixuan Chen, Yongjia Shi, Jun Meng, Jiayi Li, Siyu Wang, Zhonghua Wen, Haoyue Zheng, Ziyi Ge, Wanning Dai, Li Lin, Xu Su, Wenfu Chen
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Phosphorus (P) is a key macronutrient for plants. Nevertheless, its low efficiency and overuse in paddy soil were addressing important agricultural and environmental issues. Biochar has been generally accepted as an effective and environmentally friendly material for improving soil fertility, but its role in soil P cycling and related microbial processes has not been adequately understood. In this study, a field microcosm experiment was carried out to assess the impact of three biochar types (rice husk biochar, BC; low‐phosphorus biochar, LP; high‐phosphorus biochar, HP) at two rates (0.5% and 2%, w: w) on soil P fractions, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal colonization, microbial community structure, and rice growth. Biochar addition significantly increased soil pH, total carbon content, and total nitrogen content, and also significantly affected soil P fractions by increasing P availability. HP addition significantly increased soil total P, available P, and phosphatase activity by 3%, 158%, and 76%, respectively. Compared with all other treatments, the 0.5% HP treatment significantly increased rice shoot dry weight by 11% and 40% P accumulation in shoot and 29% in root, together with a higher AM fungal colonization rate. In contrast, grain yield was not significantly different among treatments, indicating that biochar addition mainly improved soil fertility and nutrient uptake ability rather than grain yield under the experimental conditions. Metagenomic analysis further showed that HP addition increased microbial richness and diversity and changed microbial community structure by reducing the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi, increasing genes involved in fructose metabolism, and increasing the abundance of AM fungi and beneficial bacteria. In general, these findings showed that biochar, especially 0.5% HP, improved soil P cycling and microbial functional potential, and thus improved paddy soil P cycling and rice P uptake. This study emphasizes the importance of targeted biochar application as a sustainable approach for optimizing P management in paddy soils.

86. 题目: Global hotspots of particulate organic carbon losses under climate change
文章编号: N26040317
期刊: Nature Communications
作者: Siyi Sun, M Francesca Cotrufo, R A Viscarra Rossel, Carsten W Mueller, Morimaru Kida, Ailsa G Hardie, Alec Mackay, Alexander H Krichels, Wulf Amelung, Amit Kumar, Azamat Suleymanov, Baoku Shi, Bernard Jackson Cosby, César Plaza, César Terrer, Chang Liang, Chang Liao, Christopher Just, Ding Guo, Emanuele Lugato, Enqing Hou, Fan Ding, Fazhu Zhao, Feng Tao, Fernando T Maestre, Franco Bilotto, Fuzhong Wu, Gisela V García, Gongwen Luo, Guangxuan Han, Guillermo A Studdert, Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez, Guoxiang Niu, Gervasio Piñeiro, Gustavo Saiz, Haikuo Zhang, Hamada Abdelrahman, Haodi Xu, Inma Lebron, Irina Kurganova, Jennifer Blesh, Jeppe Å Kristensen, Ji Liu, Jiacong Zhou, Jianping Wu, Jitendra Ahirwal, Junji Cao, Jørgen E Olesen, Karin Kauer, Katerina Georgiou, Kees Jan van Groenigen
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Soil organic carbon (SOC) comprises particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), which differ in formation, stabilization, and loss mechanisms. While the current global distribution of POC and MAOC is characterized, their vulnerability under future climate scenarios remains unclear. Using 3284 topsoil (0-30 cm) observations from six continents, we identify high-latitude soils as global hotspots of SOC vulnerability under shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). Under a high-emission scenario (SSP585), high-latitude soils are projected to lose substantial POC by 2100, accounting for about 81 ± 10% of total SOC losses. These declines are driven by the high proportion of SOC stored as POC (fPOC) and its high temperature sensitivity. We show that fPOC is a robust indicator of SOC vulnerability to climate change. Globally, the projected POC decline corresponds to a cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) release of 81.34 Pg CO2-equivalent by 2100, highlighting the importance of preserving POC to mitigate climate feedbacks.

87. 题目: Prokaryotic bias in surface ocean particles
文章编号: N26040316
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
作者: Yeongjun Ryu, Ashley E Maloney, Victoria H Luu, Lingkun Guo, Sergey Oleynik, Sarah E Fawcett, Meytal B Higgins, Nicolas Van Oostende, Bess B Ward, Claire C Z Cook, Natalie R Cohen, Erica Ewton, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Julie Granger, Adrian Marchetti, Hedy M Aardema, Hans A Slagter, Ralf Schiebel, Alfredo Martínez-García, Gerald H Haug, Daniel M Sigman
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: While the ocean’s photosynthetic production of organic matter rivals that on land, a combination of heterotrophy and sinking prevents significant accumulation of particulate organic matter (POM) in open ocean surface waters. The origins and fates of POM in ocean surface waters are unclear, in part due to the dominance of nonliving, altered material. From the natural nitrogen isotopic composition of chlorophyll and its degradation products, we estimate the fraction of particles from eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic phytoplankton. In subtropical gyres and along the eastern North Pacific margin, the eukaryotic-to-prokaryotic ratio in particles matches that of living phytoplankton. However, in the North Atlantic outside its subtropical gyre, particles have a lower eukaryotic-to-prokaryotic ratio than do the living phytoplankton. This discrepancy at least partly arises from preferential sinking of eukaryotic biomass, consistent with the canonical but disputed paradigm that cyanobacteria disproportionately fulfill the energetic demands of the upper ocean microbial community while eukaryotes drive export production. The prokaryotic bias in surface ocean particles may also result from slow decomposition of specific components of prokaryotic biomass, a possible bottleneck in the ocean’s microbial loop. The different fates of organic matter produced by eukaryotic and prokaryotic phytoplankton affect the productivity of the surface ocean, carbon export to the interior, and the signals recorded in deep-sea sediments.

88. 题目: Microheterogeneous singlet oxygen generation at air–water interfaces
文章编号: N26040315
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
作者: Shaoping Mi, Ye-Guang Fang, Xiaochen Liu, Xiaoshan Zheng, Hongbo Ming, Xiaojiao Li, Baoliang Chen, Chongqin Zhu, Kristopher McNeill, Chiheng Chu
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) is a short-lived, highly reactive oxidant driving natural element cycles, yet its spatial distribution in complex multiphase systems remains poorly understood. Here, we show that irradiation of organic carbon (OC)-containing aqueous microdroplets leads to pronounced interfacial enrichment of 1 O 2 , driven by the surface accumulation of photosensitizing OC. Combining fluorescence imaging with a reaction–diffusion kinetic model, we resolve steep 1 O 2 gradients across the air–water boundary: In a 1 µm-radius droplet, 1 O 2 levels drop by 90% within 10 µm from the interface into the gaseous phase, and within 230 nm from the interface into the aqueous phase. Tailored peptide probes reveal that molecules residing at the interface undergo substantially faster 1 O 2 -mediated transformation than their bulk counterparts. These findings identify the air–water interface as a privileged site for 1 O 2 photochemistry that strongly accelerates redox processes in aerosols, sea spray, and the ocean–atmosphere boundary.

89. 题目: Persistence of soil organic carbon regulated by carbon input type and application rate during microbial decomposition
文章编号: N26040314
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Fenxia Yu, Yanxia Zhong, Jing He
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence is essential for sustaining agroecosystem productivity and mitigating carbon loss. However, the influence of carbon input type and application rate on microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and SOC persistence remains unclear. This study examined how straw, manure, and biochar, applied at two rates, affect SOC persistence and soil functional microbiota. Methods To address this knowledge gap, a short-term pot experiment was conducted with three types of carbon input (straw, manure, and biochar), at full and half doses under uniform fertilization conditions. SOC content, chemical composition, enzyme activity, microbial biomass, microbial necromass carbon (MNC), and gene abundances related to carbon degradation pathways were analyzed to reveal microbial-mediated SOC persistence mechanisms. Results Straw and manure enhanced SOC persistence primarily via microbial-driven processes, including increased microbial activity, CUE, and MNC accumulation. Manure achieved the highest SOC accumulation due to balanced nutrient availability. Biochar stabilized SOC mainly through physic chemical protection afforded by its recalcitrant structure and porous matrix. Higher carbon input rates generally promoted SOC persistence, although excessive straw or manure reduced CUE. Fungal necromass carbon (FNC) was critical for long-term SOC persistence. Conclusions Straw inputs increase SOC persistence through ‘fungal-chemical reorganization’, whereas manure increases it through ‘bacterial-rapid turnover’ and biochar through ‘physico-chemical dominance’. Moreover, SOC persistence increases with higher application rates. Furthermore, FNC plays a pivotal role.

90. 题目: Straw Incorporation Thresholds for Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stability in Maize Cropping and Fallow Systems
文章编号: N26040313
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Qijian Zhang, Shuangshuang Yan, Xulang Zhang, Tianjiao Ji, Qiulai Song, Chao Yan, Chunmei Ma, Zhenping Gong
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Straw incorporation (SI) increases soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN). However, the differences in soil C and N fractions between the maize cropping and fallow systems under different SI rates in the black soil region of Northeast China remain unclear. In a 6‐year experiment, we examined these two systems by using circular frames with five annual SI rates (0, 9.2, 18.4, 27.6, and 36.8 Mg ha −1 ) to investigate their effects on soil C and N fractions and storage potential. SI significantly enhanced the SOC and STN concentrations in both systems. Compared to fallow, continuous maize cropping resulted in higher depletion of oxidizable organic C (EOC) and amino sugar N (ASN). However, it maintained greater light fraction organic C (LFOC), particulate organic C (POC), and hydrolyzable unknown N (HUN) concentrations in the 0–15 cm soil layer. Fallow increased the soil C:N ratio and exhibited higher average annual C and N sequestration rates (0.70 and 0.01 Mg ha −1 year −1 , respectively) compared to the maize cropping system. However, increasing SI rates did not significantly affect the transformation efficiency of straw‐derived nutrients. Conventional SI rates in continuous maize cultivation led to soil C and N losses, while higher SI rates and fallow management effectively retained nutrients. Thus, to prevent concurrent losses of soil C and N pools under continuous maize cropping in the 0–30 cm soil layer under current soil conditions, an annual input of at least 6.8 Mg C ha −1 year −1 and 0.2 Mg N ha −1 year −1 is recommended.

91. 题目: Legume-based diversified cropping systems increase soil organic carbon labile pools and microbial carbon use efficiency in a 12-year long-term field trial
文章编号: N26040312
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf, Zawar Haider, Muhammad Ahmed Waqas, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Sanaullah, Daniel Blackburn, Zhifeng Yan, Munazza Yousra, Ansa Rebi, Allah Nawaz
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Purpose Considering the pressing concerns regarding food security amid climate change, it is imperative to adopt sustainable agricultural practices that enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and crop productivity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the changes in SOC pools, microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2), and extracellular enzymes activities under long-term cropping systems. Materials and methods A long-term field experiment (≥ 12 years) consisted of rice-wheat (W-R), maize-wheat (W-M), and legume-wheat (W-L) was established as randomized complete block design with three replications. The W-R system was used as reference, as it represents the most traditional cereal based rotation in the region. Results and discussion After 12 years of experimentation, SOC increased by 20% in W-M and 43% in W-L compared to W-R (5.42 g kg⁻¹). Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) availability was significantly enhanced under diversified systems (W-L > W-M > W-R). Soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and nitrogen (SMBN) increased by up to 43%, while cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase activities increased by 90% in the W-L and W-M systems compared to the W-R system. Similarly, SOC mineralization was 12–31% higher in W-L and W-M, and positively correlated with elevated labile SOC fractions. Recalcitrant carbon was unaffected by cropping systems. Notably, W-L reduced the qCO₂ by 19%, indicating a likely higher microbial carbon use efficiency. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that diversified cropping systems, particularly those including legumes (W-L), increase SOC labile pools by improving qCO₂ and stabilizing carbon pools, thereby offering a viable strategy for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, improving soil quality, and supporting global food security.

92. 题目: The dual role of humic acids in driving anaerobic oxidation of methane in paddy soils
文章编号: N26040311
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Dehong Yang, Yanping Wang, Yuanhao Lan, Yanan Bai, Lidong Shen
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Purpose Humic acids (HA), a ubiquitous form of natural organic matter in paddy soils, can participate in methane cycling processes. However, systematic studies regarding the effects of HA on anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) driven by different electron acceptors are limited. Materials and methods The sampling site was located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China (32.16°N, 118.86°E). This study employed stable isotope probing combined with high-throughput sequencing to systematically investigate the AOM activities driven by various electron acceptors and the effects of HA, and to characterize the associated microbial communities. Results and discussion The results showed that NO3− served as the dominant electron acceptor for AOM in the 0–10 cm soil layer, exhibiting an AOM rate of 6.6 nmol 13CO2 g−1 d−1. In contrast, HA functioned as the primary electron acceptor in the 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers, showing AOM rates of 2.2 and 5.2 nmol 13CO2 g−1 d−1, respectively. The addition of HA enhanced NO3−, NO2−, Fe3+, and SO42− driven AOM rates by 65%, 152%, 52%, and 120%, respectively. Furthermore, the abundance of ANME-2d archaea was significantly positively correlated with NO3− content, while NC10 bacteria exhibited the highest abundance in the 20–30 cm layer. Conclusion In summary, this study reveals that HA not only serves as a direct electron acceptor for AOM but also promotes AOM processes driven by multiple electron acceptors. These findings provide important insights into the biochemical cycling of methane in paddy soils.

93. 题目: Vertical variation in dissolved organic matter composition regulates bacterial diversity and metabolism in paddy soils
文章编号: N26040310
期刊: Journal of Soils and Sediments
作者: Xueying Feng, Xiaomin Wang, Meng Wu, Xiaofang Ma, Linhao Liang, Xiaoyuan Yan, Jun Shan
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Purpose Despite the recognized importance of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil carbon cycling, the molecular complexity and pronounced vertical heterogeneity of DOM have hindered a mechanistic understanding of how depth-structured DOM is associated with bacterial community organization in paddy soils. Materials and methods Here, we combined high-resolution mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate linkages between DOM molecular traits and bacterial composition across soil layers (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) in four representative paddy sites in South China. Results and discussion DOM molecular numbers decreased markedly with depth (on average from 2,848 formulas at 0–20 cm to 1,854 formulas at 40–60 cm), accompanied by a consistent decline in DOM chemodiversity (from 7.13 to 7.08). The middle soil layer functioned as a chemical transition zone, where intensified sulfur-associated transformations enhanced DOM condensation and aromaticity. These molecular changes coincided with decreased bacterial Shannon and Chao1 indies, reduced co-occurrence network connectivity (average degree decreased from 30.83 to 24.44), and a shift from oxidative metabolism toward fermentation-dominated functions. Random forest analysis identified lipid- and protein/amino sugar-like compounds as key predictors of bacterial diversity. However, their enrichment in deeper soil layers reflected the accumulation of refractory compounds with limited microbial accessibility rather than an increase in bioavailable substrates, thereby constraining microbial niche differentiation. Conclusions These findings provide insight into how depth-structured DOM covaries with microbial ecology in paddy soils and offer a foundation for improving predictions of soil carbon cycling under long-term agricultural management.

94. 题目: A Cyclic Ecological Strategy for Ameliorating Saline-Alkali Soils using Biochar and Cenchrus fungigraminus (JUJUNCAO)
文章编号: N26040309
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Shaojuan Yan, Lingyi Hu, Jian Ma, Lihuai Ma, Dongmei Lin, Hongying Sun
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: This study proposes an innovative cyclical strategy for the remediation of marginal saline-alkali soils by converting ecological plants into biochar (BCN). Acid-etched BCN exhibited increased oxygen-containing functional groups and a larger surface area, leading to superior Na+ adsorption and an improved growth environment for Cenchrus fungigraminus (JUJUNCAO). Soil application of 1.5-2% BCN enhanced the saline-alkali resistance of JUJUNCAO by stimulating its intrinsic antioxidant system; specifically, SOD activity increased by 454%, while proline and soluble sugar contents rose by 36.7% and 80.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the synergy between BCN and plant growth improved soil fertility, increasing organic matter by 73.2% and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen by 114.2% while reducing water-soluble salt, electrical conductivity, and alkalinity by 84.1%, 55.3%, and 42.6%, respectively. Notably, the yield of Acid-modified Biochar (A-BCN) derived from JUJUNCAO grown in this improved soil increased from 18.9% to 35%. This second-generation biochar featured an optimized H/N ratio, which intensified the ion exchange between H+ on the biochar surface and Na+ in the soil. This self-reinforcing mechanism achieves a virtuous cycle for the ecological economy through a domino-like improvement effect.

95. 题目: Design and fabrication of Z-scheme BWB/FeVO4/NiBi2O4 heterojunction with bridged biochar as an electron mediator for antibiotic degradation
文章编号: N26040308
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: G Rajesh, Juying Li, Hefa Cheng
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: In this work, a novel Z-scheme BWB/FeVO4/NiBi2O4 nanocomposite was synthesized as a promising photocatalyst, in which conductive buck wheat biochar (BWB) was introduced to minimize the recombination of photoexcited charge carriers, for efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The nanocomposite demonstrated excellent photocatalytic activity towards CIP, with the pseudo-first order degradation rate constant reaching 0.0649min-1, which is 10.7, 2.7, 16.6, 4.5, 18.5, and 2.8 times higher than those of FeVO4 (0.0094min-1), BWB/FeVO4 (0.0236min-1), NiBi2O4 (0.0039min-1), BWB/NiBi2O4 (0.0142min-1), BWB (0.0035min-1), and FeVO4/NiBi2O4 (0.0230min-1), respectively. The optimal degradation performance was achieved at a CIP concentration of 20mgL-1, a catalyst dose of 300mgL-1, and neutral pH (7). h+, •O2-, and •OH were found to be the major reactive species responsible for the degradation of CIP in the photocatalytic system. BWB/FeVO4/NiBi2O4 showed good structural stability over five cycles of use, and its photocatalytic activity could be well maintained. These findings provide new ideas on designing efficient and durable Z-scheme photocatalysts using biochar as the conductive bridge to address the environmental pollution of antibiotics and other organic pollutants.

96. 题目: Effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on soil nematode communities in global croplands
文章编号: N26040307
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Meng Yuan, Na Lou, Xingru Tan, Anni Guo, Biao Yu, Guanhai Xiang, Mengdi Zhang, Chaonan Wang, Xiaoming Lu, Wen Xing
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Although the application of fertilizers can significantly influence soil biota, it remains unclear how chemical fertilizer, organic-chemical combined fertilizer, and organic fertilizers differentially affect the diversity of soil nematodes in global croplands. Here, we compiled data from 3041 observations across 104 publications worldwide to compare the impacts of various fertilization regimes on the taxon richness and abundance of soil nematodes, and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. We found that, compared to a no-fertilization control, only organic fertilization significantly increased the taxon richness of soil nematode communities. Further, the positive responses of total nematode abundance, as well as abundances of bacterivorous, fungivorous, herbivorous, and omni-carnivorous nematodes strengthened with increased proportions of organic fertilizer inputs across the three fertilization regimes. In addition, regression analysis revealed that soil nematode metrics (e.g., taxon richness, total abundance, and abundances of various trophic groups) increased with greater soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and plant productivity under the application of both organic and organic-chemical fertilizer applications. Conversely, available soil nitrogen concentrations were negatively correlated with the abundances of omni-carnivorous nematodes across all three fertilization regimes. This indicated that excessive nitrogen inputs from both organic and inorganic sources may threaten soil nematode diversity at higher trophic levels. Our study clearly demonstrates the superiority of organic over inorganic fertilization in maintaining soil nematode richness and abundance in global croplands. However, it also highlights the previously underappreciated risks of excessive nitrogen inputs from both organic and inorganic sources on the diversity of soil nematodes at high trophic levels.

97. 题目: Biochar, plant productivity and community structure: a two-year study in a newly sown legume-rich pasture in Portugal under ambient and reduced precipitation
文章编号: N26040306
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Marjan Jongen, Ana Catarina Bastos, Antun Jelinčić, Liliana Simões, Oscar Gonzalez-Pelayo, Janina Niemeyer, Stephan Unger, Tiago Domingos, Frank G A Verheijen
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Biochar, a carbon-rich byproduct of biomass pyrolysis, has increasingly gained attention for its potential to improve soil properties and enhance plant productivity. However, the effects of biochar incorporation in pastures have received little attention. This study presents a large-scale manipulation experiment, investigating the impacts of biochar amendment on plant productivity and community structure in a newly established legume-rich pasture in Portugal, exposed to ambient (100%) and reduced (50%) precipitation, over the course of two growing seasons. Biochar amendment resulted in a boost in productivity, leading to an increase in aboveground biomass in April of ∼50% in both growing seasons. Legume species benefitted more from biochar addition than the other functional groups, at times nearly doubling their biomass. As a result, biochar altered the community structure in both growing seasons. In the first growing season the relative abundance of legumes (i.e. leguminous forbs) significantly increased at the expense of the forbs (i.e. non-leguminous forbs), whilst in the second growing season, it was at the expense of the grasses. Although precipitation manipulation, i.e. reducing the amount of precipitation by 50%, had little to no impact on productivity, community structure and soil parameters, biochar addition did increase soil moisture. However, water availability was not a limiting factor for plant growth, even when vegetation was exposed to reduced precipitation. The addition of biochar led to significantly higher pH and available potassium. These changes were particularly beneficial to the legume species, as higher pH and potassium availability may contribute to enhanced nitrogen fixation. Thus, the productivity boost and changes in community structure were most likely the result of the increase in pH and potassium, and modifications to soil biological and physicochemical properties, enhancing nutrient availability, and ultimately increasing the competitive ability of the legumes. With increasing pressures from intensive land management, and climate change threatening the capacity of Mediterranean pastoral systems to maintain productivity for livestock, biochar amendment can represent a win-win scenario for pastures, contributing towards simultaneously securing productivity and livestock nutrition as well as overall ecosystem health and resilience to global climate change.

98. 题目: Biocrusts mitigate the decline of carbon and nitrogen stocks with increasing aridity
文章编号: N26040305
期刊: Catena
作者: Dexun Qiu, Xiaomeng Yao, Bo Xiao, Camelia Algora, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Aridification is threatening the capacity of drylands to support key ecosystem services such as carbon (C) sequestration, nutrient cycling, and plant primary productivity. Biocrusts are widespread in drylands and function in soil C and nitrogen (N) cycling, yet their role in modulating soil C and N stocks along aridity gradients remains unclear. Here, we examined how moss biocrusts influence surface soil C and N stocks (0–5 cm) across a ∼ 700 km aridity gradient (aridity = 1 – precipitation/potential evapotranspiration), ranging from 0.49 to 0.79 and spanning forestland, shrubland, and grassland ecosystems on the Chinese Loess Plateau. We compared soil organic C (SOC), dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), total N (TN), and inorganic N (NO3− and NH4+) between biocrust-covered and adjacent bare soils. The results indicated that biocrust-covered soils stored substantially more C and N than bare soils. On average, SOC, DOC, and MBC stocks were 2.5-, 2.2-, and 3.8-fold higher, respectively, while TN, NO3−-N, and NH4+-N stocks were 1.9-, 3.0-, and 1.5-fold higher. These enhancements were strongest in shrubland ecosystems. Importantly, the negative relationship between aridity and soil C and N stocks were weaker in biocrust-covered soils than in bare soils. Analysis of paired differences (Δ) further revealed a nonlinear response of ΔSOC to aridity: ΔSOC decreased under lower aridity (<0.66) but increased under higher aridity (>0.66). In contrast, ΔTN increased monotonically with aridity and showed no statistically supported threshold. With increasing aridity, vascular plant cover declined while biocrusts development increased. Together with biocrust-induced enrichment in fine soil particles, these shifts enhanced the relative contribution of biocrusts to maintaining soil C and N stocks under drier conditions. Our findings highlight the critical buffering role of moss biocrusts in sustaining dryland soil fertility under ongoing climate drying.

99. 题目: Altitudinal patterns of soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics among contrasting forest and alpine shrub meadow ecosystems on the highest peak of the Qinling Mountains
文章编号: N26040304
期刊: Catena
作者: Huan Zhang, Xiangyu Liu, Yuxuan Zhao, Rou Pan, Tingting Nong, Zheng Yin, Jiahui Wang, Xiaoli Cheng, Wen Yang
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Mountain ecosystems are crucial sinks for soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) yet rank among the most vulnerable to climate change. The elucidation of change patterns in the sizes, biochemical stability, and turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN) pools along the altitudinal gradient remains imperative for predicting mountain ecosystems responses to global change. This study investigated variations in concentrations, stocks, δ13C and δ15N signatures of SOC and STN pools, and their labile C and N (SLC and SLN), and recalcitrant C and N (SRC and SRN) fractions within the mountain forest and alpine shrub meadow zones, spanning an altitudinal range from 1300 to 3400 m in the summit region of the Qinling Mountains, central China. The results demonstrated a unimodal altitudinal pattern in concentrations and stocks of SOC, SRC, STN, SLN, SRN, and recalcitrant index for C (RIC), with peak values consistently recorded at 3000 m elevation within the evergreen coniferous forest. The lowest SOC, SRC, STN, SLN, SRN, and RIC were found at 1300 m elevation within the deciduous broad-leaved forest. The δ13C in SOC at 3000 m elevation within evergreen coniferous forest was more depleted than that at 3400 m elevation within alpine meadow. Soil δ15N exhibited an increase-decrease-increase altitudinal pattern, showing a peak at 3400 m and a trough at 2800 m elevation. Our findings revealed significant altitudinal shifts in SOC and STN sequestration, SOC biochemical stability, C and N turnover, driven by climate-vegetation-soil-microbe interactions. The covariation of altitude-related factors in natural ecosystems prevents clear isolation of individual effects. The deciduous broad-leaved forest at 1300 m elevation exhibited markedly diminished soil C storage and N retention potential, accompanied by dramatically weakened SOC stabilization. In contrast, the mid-high elevation evergreen coniferous forest (3000 m) displayed the strongest C and N sequestration, highest SOC biochemical stability, and slower C/N cycling. These soil C and N sequestration and stabilization mechanisms in mountain ecosystems provide critical insights for projecting climate impacts and guiding alpine conservation strategies.

100. 题目: Granulated organic amendments enhance soil organic carbon sequestration and saturation by modulating functional pools in infertile paddy soils
文章编号: N26040303
期刊: Plant and Soil
作者: Yan Li, Lijia Liu, Yingnan Xian, Haoyu Fu, Li Tang, Yuting Dai, Wei Gao, Yan Li, Shoulong Liu, Junjian Li, Xiaobin Guo, Jinshui Wu
更新时间: 2026-04-03
摘要: Background and aims Rapid SOC enhancement in infertile soils requires substantial organic inputs, which can be efficiently supplied through the granulation of agricultural wastes. However, the mechanisms of granulated organic amendments (GOA) on SOC sequestration and saturation in infertile paddy soils remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of SOC functional pools and saturation under different organic amendment measures. Methods A 2-year field experiment was established including four treatments: control (no amendment), composted manure (10 t ha−1 annually), 20 and 40 t ha−1GOA at the beginning of experiment. The accumulation and stabilization of SOC under different treatments were evaluated via the separated SOC functional pools and the calculated C saturation deficit. Results The application of GOA markedly increased SOC content, particularly by expanding the unprotected C sub-pool (by 20%) in the topsoil (0–20 cm). Enhanced microaggregate formation promoted the transformation of chemically and biochemically protected fractions into physico-chemical and physico-biochemical sub-pools, thereby improving C stabilization and sequestration potential. Moreover, granulated amendments enhanced organo-mineral complex formation, increasing stable C saturation and sequestration efficiency. In the subsoil (20–40 cm), where lower C saturation permitted higher sequestration efficiency, chemical protection dominated organic C stabilization. After two years, the stable C saturation deficit (Csd) decreased by 40.0% in topsoil and 25.7% in subsoil relative to initial levels. Conclusion A single application of GOA at 40 t ha−1 substantially enhanced SOC saturation and stabilization in infertile paddy soils by modulating functional SOC pools and promoting microaggregate formation, offering an effective strategy for accelerating C accrual in degraded croplands.