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101. 题目: Improving low-temperature drying of municipal sewage sludge with wood-derived biochar: Mechanistic analysis and implications for sludge treatment
文章编号: N26101001
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Erik Mihelič, Olivija Plohl, Marjana Simonič
更新时间: 2026-10-10
摘要: Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) drying is a critical, but energy-intensive step in sludge treatment, affecting handling, transport, storage, and downstream valorization. This study investigates wood-derived biochar (BC) as a structural additive to intensify the low-temperature convective drying of MSS under natural convection and develop a reproducible Python workflow that converts mass–time records from isothermal drying experiments into physically interpretable drying parameters. The approach was applied to MSS and MSS/BC blends (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 mass ratios) dried as thin layers at 25–40 °C. The workflow estimates the equilibrium moisture content (EMC), identifies the transition between the first drying period and the diffusion-controlled period, and calculates the drying rate, molar flux, heat flux, and interfacial heat and mass transfer coefficients. The EMC decreased with increasing the temperature and BC content, ranging from about 0.026 to 0.064 g g⁻¹ depending on the composition and temperature. For MSS, the drying rate increased strongly with the temperature, from about 0.044 g m⁻² s⁻¹ at 25 °C to about 0.184 g m⁻² s⁻¹ at 40 °C, with latent heat flux values up to about 451 W m⁻². The estimated effective diffusivities ranged from 3.2 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 2.9 × 10⁻⁹ m² s⁻¹ under natural convection. A master curve analysis showed a strong overlap for MSS across 25–40 °C, whereas the BC blends exhibited partial divergence during the first drying period. Overall, the workflow provides a transferable tool for converting drying experiments into engineering descriptors that support the process comparison, scale-up, and optimization of MSS drying systems.

102. 题目: Clay-Mediated Phototransformation Alters the Molecular Composition and Toxicity of Microplastic-Derived Dissolved Organic Matter
文章编号: N26100919
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Kaiyuan Ma, Jiayan Wu, Quanyun Ye, Leiye Sun, Bo Li, Linqing Liu, Jieyu Liu, Sheng Liu, Wencheng Wu, Pingxiao Wu, Xuetao Guo, Zhi Dang
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Microplastics (MPs) release complex dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM) during environmental weathering, yet how clay minerals regulate MPs-DOM release, molecular composition, and associated biological effects remains unclear. Our study showed that montmorillonite (Mt) accelerated the photodegradation of PS and PLA microplastics, increasing the maximum release of MPs-DOM by 50.3% and 27.6%, respectively, while shifting its composition toward greater molecular complexity, fluorescence intensity, and aromaticity. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed that Mt altered the distribution of extractable molecular formulas, increasing the relative contribution of features within more unsaturated and oxygenated compositional regions. Quantitative analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed that the synergistic interaction between MPs-DOM and Mt influenced ROS production. Specifically, Mt increased [•OH]ss in PS- and PLA-DOM by 136.8% and 88.7%, respectively, but decreased [1O2]ss by 32.7% and 13.6%, respectively, indicating that •OH was an important contributor to molecular transformation. The Mt-amended MPs-DOM exhibited a broader profile of detectable additive-related candidates and induced greater bacterial effects than Mt-free systems. These findings demonstrate that clay minerals critically regulate the environmental fate of MPs-DOM by modulating radical generation, potentially amplifying the persistence and risks of MP pollution.

103. 题目: Rapid Incorporation but Contrasting Stability of Fertilizer Versus Litter Nitrogen in Mineral-Associated Organic Matter
文章编号: N26100918
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Emma Bergh, Andrea Jilling, Amanda Daly, Jessica Gilman Ernakovich, Gabriella Griffen, Rachel Hestrin, Marco Keiluweit, Aniko Konya, Andrew Whitaker, A Stuart Grandy
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Bioavailable nitrogen (N) is abundant in agricultural soils during early spring, driven by decomposing plant residues and fertilizer applications before peak crop N uptake. This N is vulnerable to leaching and denitrification, but some can become stabilized in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). However, the short-term incorporation and stability of different N sources within MAOM remain poorly understood. We examined how fertilizer- and litter-derived N are incorporated and retained in MAOM using a three-week laboratory incubation with 15N-labeled fertilizer, rye root, and rye shoot additions to cropland and grassland soils. We then quantified newly formed MAOM and assessed the resistance of newly formed MAOM-N to sequential chemical extractions. All treatments rapidly formed MAOM, but the amount recovered varied by input type and soil management, and its resistance to chemical extraction also varied by input type. Less fertilizer-derived N moved into MAOM (11.9% of applied N in cropland and 20.8% in grassland soils, versus 21.1 to 30.8% across the litter treatments) and less of it survived sequential extraction (3.5 and 9.5% of applied N remaining in cropland and grassland soils, versus 12.2 to 21.4% across the litter treatments). These findings show that MAOM can act as a short-term sink for both inorganic and organic inputs, but that less fertilizer-derived N is retained, particularly in the cropland soil with lower carbon concentrations.

104. 题目: Corn straw-derived biochar-confined Co-based catalysts for selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols to cyclohexanols
文章编号: N26100917
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Yuewen Shao, Junjie Bian, Mingzhu Guo, Yunyu Guo, Guoming Gao, Chao Li, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Tao Wei, Xun Hu
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: The selective hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenols into value-added cycloaliphatic chemicals represents a critical yet challenging pathway for sustainable valorization of biomass, especially when non-noble metal catalysts are employed. Herein, a sustainable strategy for fabricating biochar-confined Co-based catalysts was developed via the in-situ growth of different cobalt-containing precursors (CoAl layered double hydroxide (LDH), Co(OH)2, CoAl(NO3)x, and Co(NO3)2) on corn straw followed by controlled pyrolysis. The results demonstrated that the CoAl-LDH@biochar catalyst exhibited highly dispersed metallic Co sites, abundant oxygen vacancies, enhanced H2 uptake, and a high density of Lewis acidic sites, achieving complete conversion of vanillin with a 91.3% yield of 4-methyl cyclohexanol under mild conditions. In contrast, the Al-free Co(OH)2@biochar and Co(NO3)2@biochar predominantly produced 2-methoxy-4-methyl phenol with yields exceeding 98%, revealing a precursor-controlled selectivity switch. Comprehensive characterizations, including in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy analyses, indicated that metallic Co0 sites promoted H2 activation, while Lewis acidic sites and oxygen vacancies facilitated the activation of CO and CC bonds. The optimized CoAl-LDH@biochar catalyst also showed broad substrate applicability, robust recyclability, and favorable green chemistry metrics compared with representative reported catalysts. This work provides a sustainable catalyst-design strategy by integrating agricultural-waste-derived carbon supports, precursor engineering, and green process assessment for the efficient upgrading of lignin-derived chemicals.

105. 题目: Enhancement of peroxydisulfate activation by biochar-pyrite composites in Monochlorobenzene-contaminated soil remediation: Synergism of N-doped biochar, Fe and S
文章编号: N26100916
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Jiaqi Ai, Le Jiao, Jiahui Su, Rui Qiu, Xinxin Ni, Hongwen Sun, Peng Zhang
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Iron-based catalysts are widely used in soil remediation, but achieving high catalytic activity while maintaining efficient reactivity during treatment remains challenging. To achieve this goal, a novel pyrite-based composite (NBC-PY) was synthesized via co-sand-milling of natural pyrite with nitrogen-doped biochar (NBC) and evaluated for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation and monochlorobenzene (MCB) degradation in contaminated soil. The sand mill process significantly reduced pyrite average particle size from several tens of micrometers to 137.1 nm, enhanced material electronegativity, promoted adsorption of dissolved Fe(II) onto the composite surface, and effectively inhibited surface passivation. These modifications facilitated sustained Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycling and maintained high catalytic reactivity of NBC-PY. As a result, the NBC-PY/PDS system exhibited an apparent first-order rate constant of 0.265 d−1, which was 3.1- and 2.2-fold higher than those of unmodified pyrite and undoped BC-PY, respectively. Systematic characterization revealed NBC incorporation into pyrite improved electron transfer and corrosion resistance, thereby enabling efficient PDS activation and MCB degradation. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that multiple reactive species, including SO4•-, •OH, O2•-, and 1O2, contributed to MCB degradation, with O2•-, and 1O2 playing particularly prominent roles. Furthermore, NBC modification suppresses the oxidation of sulfur to higher valence states and enriches reduced sulfur species (e.g., S2−), which further facilitate reduction of Fe(III) and maintain catalytic activity of NBC-PY. This work provides mechanistic insights into the synergistic interactions between NBC and pyrite in PDS activation, and offers a promising approach for the rational design of biochar-modified natural iron minerals-based catalysts for efficient soil remediation.

106. 题目: Divergent Roles of Natural Organic Matter in Iron Precipitation and Arsenic Sequestration in Zerovalent Iron-based Flow-Through Systems: Resolving Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Pathways
文章编号: N26100915
期刊: Water Research
作者: Yuchen Wu, Changsheng Ye, Zhuo Chen, Delai Zhong, Peng Liao, Yi Jiang
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: In zerovalent iron (ZVI) flow-through systems used for groundwater arsenic (As) remediation, As is sequestered via heterogeneous (surface) and homogeneous (bulk) precipitation of Fe corrosion products. However, the dynamic partitioning and respective sequestration capacities of these two pathways remain critically unresolved. This gap is significantly complicated by the ubiquitous presence of natural organic matter (NOM), which spatially alters both Fe precipitation and As sequestration dynamics. To resolve this, we utilized a novel magnetic confinement-enabled column reactor (MCCR) to spatially segregate and independently evaluate the homogeneous and heterogeneous pathways. By integrating controlled flow-through experiments and mass transfer modeling, we systematically tracked the co-distribution of Fe, As, and NOM. Our results reveal that NOM exerts fundamentally divergent, spatially dictated roles governed by localized carbon-to-iron (C/Fe) ratios. In the heterogeneous pathway (ZVI surface), NOM indirectly influenced As removal by modulating Fe precipitation, with As partitioning following Fe partitioning. In contrast, in the homogeneous pathway (bulk solution), dissolved NOM suppressed Fe precipitation, generating mobile NOM–Fe complexes, and directly inhibited As sequestration via competitive binding for active sites on Fe (oxyhydr)oxides and the electrostatic repulsion effect. Furthermore, spatial mass transfer modeling demonstrated that these divergent mechanisms are driven by the counter-diffusion between outbound Fe and inbound As/NOM, resulting in the formation of spatially distinct precipitation zones with contrasting localized C/Fe and As/Fe ratios. Ultimately, this study elucidates the intricate, spatially segregated reaction dynamics in ZVI flow-through systems, providing a critical theoretical foundation for optimizing As removal strategies in complex, NOM-rich groundwater environments.

107. 题目: Decoding riverine control of air-sea CO2 flux in the Pearl River Estuary: the dominant role of terrestrial organic matter quantity and stoichiometry
文章编号: N26100914
期刊: Water Research
作者: Siyu Zhang, Liuqian Yu, Zheng Chen, Jianzhong Su, Haiyan Zhang
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Estuarine air-sea CO2 flux is governed by terrestrial inputs with opposing effects, yet their quantitative controls remain unclear, complicating predictions under anthropogenic change. To address this, we used an observationally constrained physical-biogeochemical model to conduct a process-based attribution of air-sea CO2 flux in the eutrophic Pearl River Estuary during summer, when peak river inputs drive the most active carbon cycling of the year. Results show that the system acts as a net source because CO2-enhancing processes (high-pCO2 river input and terrestrial organic matter (OMterr) remineralization) outweigh nutrient-fueled CO2 consumption. The estuary-wide air-sea CO2 flux is an order of magnitude more sensitive to changes in OMterr load than to equivalent variations in nutrients. OMterr stoichiometry regulates the compensation effect, i.e., the extent to which CO2 uptake fueled by OMterr-remineralization-derived nutrients offsets OMterr-released CO2; this effect increases from 16% to 29% as the C:N ratio decreases from 12 to 6. The net flux response depends strongly on whether the stoichiometric shift is driven by changes in organic carbon or organic nitrogen loading: a two-unit decrease in OMterr C:N ratio reduces outgassing by ∼14% when the shift is driven by organic carbon change, but by only ∼2–4% when driven by organic nitrogen change. This suggests that the decline in OMterr C:N ratios observed in many rivers worldwide has likely attenuated estuarine CO2 emissions, with the magnitude depending on the driver of C:N decline. These findings underscore the importance of OMterr quantity and stoichiometry, alongside riverine carbonate chemistry, in shaping estuarine CO2 emissions.

108. 题目: Halogenated dissolved organic matter regulates bacterial community composition and organic carbon transformation in aquatic ecosystems
文章编号: N26100913
期刊: Water Research
作者: Zhenli Guo, Hualong Hong, Guanglong Zhang, Lei Li, Shujie Cai, Feng Chen, Weidong Guo, Ding He, Yingying Xiang, Michael Gonsior, Da Lin, Wupeng Xiao, Nianzhi Jiao, Xilin Xiao
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Bacteria–dissolved organic matter (DOM) interactions profoundly influence organic carbon fate along the land–ocean aquatic continuum. Halogenated DOM (H-DOM) is recognized as a widespread component of the DOM pool in natural waters, but its interactions with bacterial communities and ecological functions remain poorly understood. Using non-targeted ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry and amplicon sequencing, we characterized H-DOM, non-halogenated DOM (N-DOM), and bacterial communities across three hydrological seasons in the Minjiang River, the largest mountainous river in southeastern China, and in the nearby coastal plume system of the Pearl River. Results showed that N-DOM exhibited higher relative abundance in the high-flow season and was spatially homogeneous. In contrast, the relative abundance of riverine H-DOM was highest during the low-flow season and exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, with higher H-DOM relative abundances observed in aquaculture zones, farmlands, and urban areas strongly affected by anthropogenic activities. Despite spatiotemporal variations in DOM composition, network analyses revealed that riverine bacteria consistently showed highly positive correlations (99.35% ± 0.45%) with H-DOM across all seasons, and exhibited tighter associations with H-DOM than with N-DOM. Similar network structure was observed in the coastal plume system. Structural equation modeling further demonstrated that, compared with plume H-DOM, riverine H-DOM with greater anthropogenic impact exerted a stronger regulatory effect on bacterial community composition, thereby altering bacteria-mediated DOM transformation. Overall, these findings reveal the previously overlooked ecological role of H-DOM in bacteria–DOM interactions. Integrating this component into the carbon cycling framework will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of carbon transformation across land–ocean aquatic ecosystems.

109. 题目: Extracellular polymeric substances transformation during ultraviolet/peracetic acid disinfection: An overlooked hazard unveiled by a machine learning-driven risk assessment framework
文章编号: N26100912
期刊: Water Research
作者: Yizhe Ding, Qiya Sun, Nuo Peng, Qian Ping, Xi Wang, Hao Chen, Lin Wang, Yongmei Li
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: In this study, a machine learning-based framework was developed to identify risk features associated with the transformation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) during ultraviolet/peracetic acid (UV/PAA) disinfection, which had been previously underestimated. Molecular‑level analysis revealed that EPS transformation follows a time‑dependent pathway: aromatic and highly unsaturated species undergo preferential cleavage initially, followed by oxidation, heteroatom redistribution, and molecular rearrangement, ultimately leading to slower fragmentation within a residual oxygen‑rich matrix. Specifically, whereas fission reactions initially dominated protein-to-lipid (63.0%) and protein-to-lignin (38.7%) transformations, lipid-derived oxygenation (53.1%-59.4%) and lignin-associated fission (25.0%-30.9%) contributed consistently throughout the reaction. Notably, although UV/PAA disinfection reduced the overall risk associated with EPS transformation, safety risks still persisted. Machine learning analysis identified the O/C ratio, octanol-water partition coefficient, and topological polar surface area as the dominant molecular features governing risk assessment, with mean SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values of 0.69, 0.62, and 0.40, respectively. These features mechanistically link hazard evolution to oxygenation, hydrophobicity, and molecular polarity. Collectively, these findings indicate that research on EPS transformation during UV/PAA disinfection should move beyond a mechanism-focused paradigm toward a hazard-based risk assessment framework. Accordingly, this study not only provides a data-driven tool for assessing the risks associated with EPS transformation but also offers a practical framework for comprehensively evaluating its potential as a safer disinfection technology.

110. 题目: Increasing contribution of labile terrestrial organic carbon exacerbates coastal hypoxia
文章编号: N26100911
期刊: Water Research
作者: Peng Peng, Rong Bi, Meng Yu, Hong-Chun Li, Shuai Liu, Jiawei Gao, Yaoyao Wang, Hailong Zhang, Li Li, Yang Ding, Meixun Zhao
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Coastal hypoxia is intimately linked to organic carbon (OC) degradation, yet how OC compositional heterogeneity regulates its fate and oxygen dynamics remains elusive. This study quantifies the component-specific degradation kinetics of particulate organic carbon (POC) during estuarine transport in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), using dual carbon-isotope (δ13C and F14C) constraints and lipid biomarkers. A four-endmember model (riverine primary production carbon, OCRpp; soil OC; fossil OC; and marine OC) reveals that OCRpp dominates terrestrial POC (32–85%). Exponential decay modeling reveals that the spatial decay constant decreased sequentially from labile OCRpp (0.0495 km−1) to soil OC (0.0393 km−1) and refractory fossil OC (0.0110 km−1), resulting in approximately 90% OCRpp loss over the 170 km transport pathway. This selective removal of labile and younger OC fractions resulted in dramatic 14C aging of up to 15000 years of residual terrestrial biospheric OC. By integrating decadal datasets into a coupled physical-biogeochemical model, we identify a “lability trap” phenomenon: despite a 35% decline in total terrestrial POC flux from 2006 to 2023, the labile OCRpp flux increased by 150%, with its contribution to total oxygen consumption increasing from 10.4% in 2006 to 46.1% in 2023. This shift triggers steeper oxygen depletion near the river mouth, thereby exacerbating the hypoxia. These findings demonstrate that OC lability exerts stronger control over estuarine oxygen budgets and carbon sequestration than bulk quantity. Analogous effects in other large-river systems (e.g., Changjiang River estuary) challenge OC quantity-centric frameworks and provide similar empirical constraints for lability-resolved carbon cycle models.

111. 题目: Using Rock-Eval pyrolysis to measure biochar carbon stability
文章编号: N26100910
期刊: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment
作者: Monica McCall
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Biochar is an engineered material produced from organic biomass, and it is gaining momentum as a method for carbon dioxide removal. Producing biochar sequesters CO2 by converting readily degradable carbon in biomass, which would otherwise decompose and release CO2 into the atmosphere, into a more stable form that remains locked within the biochar. The amount of carbon biochar can store depends on its stability, defined as its ability to resist physical and biological degradation once applied to soil. Stability is largely governed by thermal maturity, the extent to which the biomass has carbonized during production. As biochar now accounts for the largest share of durable carbon credits sold globally, characterizing its stability and durability is key. However, biochar stability is currently determined using time-intensive and expensive methods that serve as bulk geochemical proxies rather than direct measurements.

112. 题目: Riverine CH4 emission hotspots are more closely associated with local sediment and DOM properties than with broad land-use categories
文章编号: N26100909
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Guofeng Yang, Jingcheng Li, Shoufu Li, Jihong Li, Xinlong Du, Lirong Cheng, Wenjuan Jia, Zhengyan Li, Nuchao Xu, Haoyuan Wang, Ying Hou, Yujing Guo, Minqi Cai, Yujin Zhu, Hongguang Zheng, Aizhong Ding
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Land-use differences can substantially influence methane (CH4) production and emissions in rivers, but whether they can reliably explain the occurrence of high-emission hotspots remains unclear. This uncertainty limits the development of targeted strategies for reducing riverine CH4 emissions. This study quantified CH4 fluxes across the sediment-water and water-air interfaces along a river continuum spanning forested mountain, urban-plain, and rural cropland reaches and identified the mechanisms driving riverine CH4 emission hotspots. The results showed that CH4 fluxes were significantly higher in July than in February, and the hotspot reaches accounted for 90.36% and 91.08% of the summed sediment-water CH4 flux measured across the 12 reaches in July and February, respectively, with ebullition representing the dominant emission pathway in July. However, these hotspots were not concentrated within a single land-use type, but exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity, indicating that broad land-use categories did not consistently distinguish hotspot reaches. The strong association between sediment-water and water-air CH4 fluxes, together with the occurrence of hotspot reaches in fine, silt-rich sediments, suggests that local sediment conditions may contribute to hotspot formation. The environmental and microbial characteristics associated with hotspots differed between the two sampling campaigns: February hotspots were characterized by higher DOC concentrations, whereas July hotspots coincided with DOM characteristics indicative of greater bioavailability and higher relative abundances of methanogens and methanogenesis-related genes, suggesting greater methane-production potential. This study highlights the local environmental and microbial factors associated with riverine CH4 emission hotspots and provides scientific guidance for developing management-based mitigation strategies for riverine CH4 emissions.

113. 题目: Plant-driven microbiome reorganization sustains multifunctionality of iron-biochar constructed wetlands under chronic PFOA exposure
文章编号: N26100908
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Xiuwen Qian, Juan Huang, Zhishui Liang, Changxiao Li, Jiawei Yao, Chong Cao, Jin Xu
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Plant capacity to regulate treatment stability and ecological function of iron-biochar (IC) based constructed wetlands (CWs) operated under long-term PFOA exposure remains insufficiently understood. In this study, compared with unplanted system, plant (Iris pseudacorus) increased the dynamic transformation of ammonium and nitrate, limited nitrite accumulation, thus promoting total nitrogen removal, which was, on average, 12.54% higher in planted system. Besides, vegetation increased total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency by 14.21% and 7.97% on average. These improvements were accompanied by vegetation-associated changes in enzyme activity, including higher dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and nitrate reductase activities during specific periods or in specific layers, greater EPS production, and improved biofilm stability with reduced bio-clogging risk. Microorganism-plant interaction also influenced greenhouse gases (GHG) emission, in which CO2 fluxes were 4.32-71.61% lower in the planted group during most sampling periods, and CH4 emissions and long-term global warming potential were also reduced. Plants also markedly increased microbial richness/diversity and enriched dominant functional taxa. Besides, Dominant genera involved in microbial carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus metabolism, iron/sulfur cycling, electron transfer, PFOA resistance, and decrease of GHG emission risk were enriched in various layers of planted group. Such variation of microbial community resulted from related gene regulation in planted group. Some other indicator bacteria also contributed substantially to optimized microbial community in planted group, including Shewanella, Thiobacillus, and Dechloromonas. These new findings provided preliminary evidence for integrating Iris pseudacorus into IC-based CWs to improve the operational stability of IC-based CWs.

114. 题目: Al substitution regulates humic acid interactions with hematite and organic carbon stabilization
文章编号: N26100907
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Hongfeng Chen, Meiyu Gao, Yunzhi Tan, Dong Xia
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Mineral–organic interactions at environmental interfaces play a critical role in regulating the persistence and transformation of organic carbon in soils and sediments. Iron (oxy)hydroxides are among the most important reactive mineral phases responsible for organic matter retention; however, the influence of structural substitutions within iron oxides on organic carbon stabilization remains poorly understood. This study investigated how aluminum (Al) substitution alters the surface reactivity of hematite and regulates humic acid (HA) binding behavior using adsorption experiments, in situ attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ ATR-FTIR), and CD-MUSIC surface complexation modeling. The results showed that Al substitution altered the composition and reactivity of hematite surface hydroxyl sites, with an increased contribution of AlOH0.5- sites relative to FeOH0.5- sites. While the overall adsorption capacity for PAHA (purified Aldrich humic acid) on the Al substituted hematite is higher than that on pure hematite, the introduced AlOH0.5- sites exhibit superior binding affinity towards carboxyl (R-COOH) and hydroxyl (R-OH) functional groups, and promote the formation of more stable inner-sphere complexes–particularly with COOH groups. These results reveal an Al-driven interfacial mechanism that enhances both the selectivity for specific organic functional group and the stability of organo–mineral associations. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of how cation–substituted iron oxides selectively stabilize reactive organic carbon fractions at the molecular level, with significant implications for carbon persistence in natural environments.

115. 题目: The Alkalinity Blue Carbon Pump: Tidal pumping drives long-term CO₂ sequestration as alkalinity in salt marshes
文章编号: N26100906
期刊: Biogeosciences
作者: Paul Kanfer, Céline Charbonnier, Sabine Schmidt, Bruno Deflandre, Aurélia Mouret, Eric Bénéteau, Martin Danilo, Dominique Poirier, Jimmy Desnues, Gérard Lebreton, Pierre Anschutz
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: . Tidal salt marshes are increasingly recognised as significant blue carbon ecosystems. However, their total carbon sequestration capacity remains underestimated because dissolved carbon outwelling and alkalinity export are rarely considered alongside sediment burial. Here, we combine tidal creek time series measurements, open incubations, and sediment core analyses to quantify all the main carbon flux pathways in a temperate macrotidal salt marsh of the Arcachon Bay (SW France). A binary salinity mixing model coupled to direct discharge measurements allowed us to isolate the net tidal pumping fluxes of total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and methane (CH4) from conservative mixing. DIC outwelling (5.3 ± 1.7 mmol m-2 d-1) was the largest form of dissolved carbon export but it does not fully represent net sequestration as part of it consists of CO2 that returns to the atmosphere via air-water exchange. Net TA lateral fluxes averaged 3.9 ± 1.4 mmol m-2 d-1, driven by sulphate reduction coupled to pyrite formation and aerobic respiration in marsh sediments, as supported by TA:DIC ratios and δ13C-DIC. DOC outwelling (3.4 ± 3.3 mmol m-2 d-1) was on same magnitude but its sequestration potential depends on lability. High tide benthic incubations revealed significant TA and DIC fluxes from sediments to the water column, higher in vegetated than in bare mud areas, driven by benthic processes and root-network macroporosity. Organic carbon burial rates estimated from 210Pbxs profiles were around 80 mmol m-2 d-1 in vegetated zones. However, these rates likely represent an overestimated gross burial rather than net sequestration given the dynamic and erosive nature of this macrotidal system. When integrating all measured carbon flux, net TA outwelling emerges as the most chemically conservative and durable sequestration mechanism, as it is resistant to remobilisation and can remains stable over millennial timescales once exported to the coastal ocean. We propose the term Alkalinity Blue Carbon (ABC) to describe this pathway, and call for its systematic inclusion alongside sedimentary C burial in future blue carbon inventories and climate mitigation frameworks.

116. 题目: Enhancing post-wildfire soil recovery in northern Arizona using biochar from waste forest biomass
文章编号: N26100905
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Dipita Ghosh, Nathaniel Anderson, Han-Sup Han, Deborah S Page-Dumroese, Alexis Aguiar
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Increasing wildfire severity in the southwestern United States degrades the soil and hinders forest recovery in these ecosystems. The current study evaluates the efficacy of biochar produced from local ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson: var. arizonica (Engelm.) Shaw) slash using a mobile CharBoss® system for post-wildfire soil restoration. We installed 3 replicates of 3 treatments: (1) Biochar applied and mixed in the soil at 10 t ha−1 (BC10), (2) biochar applied at 20 t ha−1 (BC20), and (3) a wildfire-burned control (negative control (NC)) to soils burned in the 2022 Pipeline Fire, near Flagstaff, Arizona, USA. In addition, we installed plots in an unburned positive control (PC). Ponderosa pine seedlings were planted across all treatments, and soil physico-chemical properties, water retention, and seedling survival were monitored for one year. The CharBoss® biochar from pine slash exhibited favorable characteristics for soil amendment, including high fixed carbon (66.17%), low volatile matter (5.48%), and a well-developed porous structure (surface area 185.1 m2 g−1). The application of biochar, especially at 20 t ha−1, significantly increased soil moisture retention (p < 0.05 at 12 months), with BC20 having the highest gravimetric soil moisture content at the end of the study, exceeding both NC and PC. Biochar also provided some pH buffering, improved the retention of available phosphorus and base cations, and added more stable soil organic carbon. Overall, seedling survival after one year was low due to harsh post-fire conditions, but it was highest in the BC20 treatment (17.8%) compared to the burned control (6.7%) (p = 0.011). These results show that producing and applying biochar from slash and other woody biomass on-site can enhance important soil water and chemical properties and help establish young trees in wildfire-affected semi-arid soils of northern Arizona. Biochar offers a promising, climate-friendly alternative to burning slash piles that helps soil recovery, carbon storage, and reforestation efforts. However, we need longer-term studies to evaluate lasting ecological benefits.

117. 题目: Mechanistic transition in biochar/PMS systems for sulfonamide antibiotics removal: Radical, non-radical, and beyond
文章编号: N26100904
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Tianang Zhuang, Efrem Mebrahtu Teshome, Ning Ding, Hong Liu
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Sulfonamides (SAs) are widespread pseudo-persistent organic pollutants in aquatic environments, posing severe public health threats by inducing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Conventional advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are hindered by harsh reaction requirements, secondary pollution risks, and susceptibility to complex background matrices. Recently, modified biochar-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems have emerged as a research focus for antibiotic wastewater remediation, aligning with circular economy principles while exhibiting superior catalytic activity. This critical review summarizes recent progress in this field and appraises the strength of the underlying mechanistic evidence. First, targeted modification strategies for waste-derived biochar—including heteroatom doping, defect engineering, and magnetic compositing—are outlined, alongside the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms toward SAs. Second, the core activation mechanisms are critically analyzed, emphasizing density functional theory (DFT) calculations that elucidate how nitrogen doping and defect engineering shift the dominant mechanistic regime from radical-dominated toward non-radical-dominated oxidation, thereby enhancing system robustness against environmental interferences. Furthermore, the impacts of complex matrices such as coexisting anions, natural organic matter, and source-separated urine are evaluated, with particular attention to the unique generation of carbonate radicals via bicarbonate-biochar synergy. The degradation pathways and toxicity evolution of SAs are also reviewed, indicating reduced predicted and experimentally observed toxicity of the transformation products under the tested conditions. Finally, engineering application prospects are discussed, including microbial-chemical coupling, continuous-flow reactor development, and life cycle assessment. This review provides theoretical foundations and technical references for designing efficient carbon-based catalysts and advancing their application in complex antibiotic wastewater treatment.

118. 题目: Feedstock-dependent characteristics of biochar-derived dissolved black carbon and short-term sediment carbon-fraction and microbial responses
文章编号: N26100903
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Le Guo, Chao Zhang, Fujie Zhai, Qi Li, Xuanqing Yu, Baoqing Shan
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Biochar-derived dissolved black carbon (DBC) can influence sediment microbial processes, but its molecular characteristics and ecological effects remain unclear. In this study, DBC released from pig manure (PM), sewage sludge (SS), and Phyllostachys pubescens (PP) biochars was characterized, and its associations with sediment extracellular enzyme activities, bacterial community composition, and sediment carbon fractions were assessed during a 70-day incubation. PM-derived DBC exhibited greater optical aromaticity, whereas SS released more DBC but with lower optical aromaticity. PM- and PP-derived DBC exhibited higher relative contributions of protein-like fluorescent components. At a 5% dosage, the PM treatment increased β-glucosidase and urease activities by 70% and 98%, respectively, while the SS treatment increased alkaline phosphatase activity by 104% relative to the control. The PM treatment showed a higher relative abundance of Myxococcota. The SS treatment showed higher relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Desulfobacterota, whereas the PP treatment showed higher relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota. These results indicate that biochar feedstock and application rate were associated with distinct DBC characteristics and variations in operationally defined sediment carbon fractions and microbial responses.

119. 题目: Mechanisms of Mn(II) removal from mining-impacted waters by biochar: Decoupling precipitation and surface complexation via experiments and atomistic simulations
文章编号: N26100902
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Audrey Ngambia, Anastasiia Gavrilova, Haitao Huang, Zhuodong Lyu, Ondřej Mašek, Margaret Graham, Valentina Erastova
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: Manganese(II) in mining-impacted waters is a growing regulatory and ecological concern, and low-cost sorbents such as biochar offer a scalable remediation pathway, yet the mechanisms by which biochar sequesters Mn(II) remain poorly resolved. This study identifies the specific chemical drivers of Mn(II) sequestration by combining fixed-bed column and batch experiments with atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Oilseed rape straw biochars, produced at 350 °C, 550 °C, and 700 °C, removed 20%–50% of dissolved Mn from acidic influent (pH 4, 5 ppm). High-temperature biochar achieved the greatest removal (∼50%) and rapidly increased effluent pH to 9, triggering precipitation of Mn phases. Conversely, lower-temperature biochars removed 20%–30% of Mn while maintaining a near-neutral pH (7–7.5). Enhanced K+ release in these systems indicates significant cation exchange and non-precipitative pathways. Molecular simulations confirmed that while neutral surfaces show weak Mn(II) association, deprotonated sites drive strong adsorption, with ∼50% of simulated Mn associating via inner-sphere coordination and ∼10% via outer-sphere association (distance-based simulation metrics, not bulk removal). These results establish a four-step mechanistic framework – exchange, deprotonation, complexation, precipitation – whose relative contributions are governed by feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. This framework provides transferable, management-relevant design criteria for selecting and engineering biochars for Mn remediation in mining-affected catchments.

120. 题目: Integration of biochar with constructed wetlands and phytoremediation: A sustainable approach for antibiotic and AMR reduction
文章编号: N26100901
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Himanshi Himanshi, Rickwinder Singh, Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta, Vivekanand Vivekanand
更新时间: 2026-10-09
摘要: The increasing discharge of pharmaceutical and clinical wastewater (PCWW) containing antibiotics has accelerated the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), while conventional wastewater treatment technologies remain inadequate for their effective removal. Although biochar-amended constructed wetlands (CWs) have attracted considerable attention, a comprehensive synthesis integrating engineered biochar, phytoremediation, antibiotic attenuation, and ARG mitigation within a unified framework is still lacking. This review critically evaluates the application of biochar-integrated CWs coupled with phytoremediation for the treatment of PCWW using a mechanistic framework encompassing biochar engineering, wetland configuration, operational factors, and pollutant removal pathways. The review synthesizes recent advances in engineered biochar production and modification, compares their suitability for different antibiotic classes, and examines the synergistic roles of adsorption, microbial biodegradation, plant-microbe interactions, biofilm formation, and electron transfer in enhancing antibiotic and ARG removal. Furthermore, it identifies key operational parameters governing treatment performance and critically discusses challenges related to biochar aging, regeneration, hydraulic performance, long-term stability, ARG inactivation mechanisms, and field-scale implementation. The analysis demonstrates that engineered biochar substantially improves the treatment efficiency of CWs while simultaneously mitigating antibiotic resistance risks through complementary physicochemical and biological processes. Finally, this review outlines research priorities for optimizing biochar design, standardizing system operation, and advancing scalable, nature-based wastewater treatment strategies to support practical AMR mitigation and sustainable water management.