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781. 题目: Feedstock and pyrolysis temperature drive biochar structure: Screening for optimal precursors toward phenanthrene adsorption and toxicity evaluation
文章编号: N26070203
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Xueqiang Zhu, Kongyue Huang, Shiyuan Liu, Xiangyu Bai, Damao Xu, Lai Zhou
更新时间: 2026-07-02
摘要: Biochars derived from corn cobs, pine wood, rice husks, and bamboo at varying pyrolysis temperatures were characterized, and their adsorption performance toward phenanthrene (PHE) and environmental risks associated with inherent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were systematically investigated. Results showed that higher pyrolysis temperature increased the specific surface area of biochar, decreased the H/C ratio, and enhanced the degree of aromatization. The conversion of -OH to CO during pyrolysis weakened hydrogen bonding, while enhancing hydrophobic interactions and π–π interactions. High lignin content combined with high pyrolysis temperature favored the formation of a large specific surface area (SSA) and a highly aromatic carbon skeleton in pine wood biochar (P700), thereby strengthening pore-filling and π–π interactions. P700 exhibited a SSA of 242.09 m2/g and a maximum adsorption capacity of 17.79 mg/g, surpassing other biochars. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, indicating monolayer adsorption predominated. Rice husk biochar (R300) showed the lowest TEQBaP value at 2.202 ng TEQ/g, while P700 had the lowest total PAH content and a TEQBaP value of 3.085 ng TEQ/g. Both R300 and P700 demonstrated low environmental risks. Considering adsorption capacity and ecological safety, P700 was regarded as a promising candidate for practical application. This study provides a theoretical basis for the targeted biochar preparation and modification.

782. 题目: Catechol and two-/six-line ferrihydrite regulate abiotic Maillard-related organic matter transformation at model mineral-water interfaces
文章编号: N26070202
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Guangwei Wu, Bin Wang, Xuejun Pan, Weiguo Tu, Hao Jiang, Liu Yang
更新时间: 2026-07-02
摘要: Maillard-related reactions are increasingly recognized as an abiotic pathway for organic matter transformation and aromatization in iron-rich peatland environments. The effects of phenolic input and ferrihydrite on the products generated during Maillard-related reactions are not well understood. To address this gap, catechol was selected as a representative phenolic compound and introduced together with two-/six-line ferrihydrite into a glucose-glycine reaction system to evaluate their effects on endpoint molecular composition and mineral interfacial responses. Endpoint molecular composition and mineral interfacial responses were characterized by using FT-ICR-MS and mineralogical characterization, respectively. Catechol significantly expanded the endpoint molecular pool and promoted overall aromatization. Specifically, the number of detected molecular formulae increased from 86 to 204, and the proportion of aromatic components rose from 11.2% to 69.1%. Ferrihydrite crystallinity further modulated the redistribution of the reaction products. Under catechol-containing conditions, low-crystallinity ferrihydrite (Fh-2L) was associated with broader detectable endpoint molecular expansion and higher candidate molecular connectivity. By contrast, high-crystallinity ferrihydrite (Fh-6L) was more conducive to the endpoint enrichment of condensed aromatic components, whose relative proportion reached 25.2%. Solid-phase characterization revealed that the differences were dominated by enhanced surface/interfacial organic accumulation and interfacial chemical responses, rather than by discernible mineral alteration. Overall, catechol promoted the final molecular expansion and aromatization, whereas ferrihydrite crystallinity governed the subsequent direction of product redistribution and interfacial retention. The results provide molecular-level evidence for how a representative phenolic compound and reactive iron minerals mediate abiotic organic matter transformation at model mineral-water interfaces relevant to phenolic-rich and iron-reactive peatland environments.

783. 题目: Pilot-scale biomass pyrolysis dual fluidized bed with in-situ biochar recovery for high-quality bio-oil and negative carbon emissions
文章编号: N26070201
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Zhenghao Yang, Yulong Chang, Hongguang Zhang, Dianhang Wei, Jiakang Liu, Jianping Li, Bangda Wang, Ziheng Jin, Hualin Wang, Xia Jiang
更新时间: 2026-07-02
摘要: The zero-carbon fuel produced by biomass fast pyrolysis circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors has been widely applied, yet it suffers from suboptimal bio-oil quality and low energy utilization efficiency due to the combustion of biochar for heat carrier regeneration. This study developed a novel 1 t/d pilot-scale pyrolysis-separation dual fluidized bed (PSDFB) plant for in-situ biochar recovery from heat carriers and the system energy self-sufficiency solely through combustion of the pyrolysis gas. Continuous operation experiments demonstrated that pine sawdust pyrolysis at 500℃ yielded a high bio-oil production of 61.5 wt% with extremely low solid content (0.01 wt%) and ash content (0.0016 wt%), which are 1–3 orders of magnitude lower than those of pilot-commercial pyrolysis plants. The obtained bio-oil met indicators for Grade D biofuel in ASTM D7544. Meanwhile, the biochar was in-situ efficiently recovered with a yield of 13.2 wt%. Aspen Plus process simulation revealed that at the 90 % biochar recovery efficiency, the exergy efficiency of the heat carrier regeneration system increased from 26.8 % to 49.6 %, and 54.2 % of the CO2 emissions from the combustion of biochar were avoided to achieve negative carbon emissions. Techno-economic analysis further confirmed that the minimum selling price of the bio-oil decreased from 1.14 CNY/kg to 0.94 CNY/kg, with an investment payback period of 5 years, 1 year shorter than that of CFB systems.

784. 题目: Hydroxyl group-mediated cadmium immobilization on zeolites by soil organic matter
文章编号: N26070106
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Xinru Yang, Yuxin Zhang, Chunhui Zhang, Fuyu Li, Cuiping Wang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Kai Yu, Hongwen Sun, Baoshan Xing
更新时间: 2026-07-01
摘要: Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is ubiquitously released during remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil-water systems, exerts significant yet underexplored influence on heavy metal fate. Here, we systematically investigated the effect of soil DOM on cadmium (Cd) adsorption using industrial waste-synthesized zeolites, which showed high adsorption efficiency across pH 3.0–7.0. More importantly, adsorption-desorption experiments confirmed that soil DOM selectively enhanced Cd immobilization on zeolites through its functional groups. By integrating EEM-PARAFAC, FT-ICR-MS, and 2D-FTIR-COS analyses, we further identified the dominant soil DOM components and specific functional groups responsible for the immobilization. In soil DOM-free systems, Cd adsorption was primarily governed by Si/AlO bonds, whereas in soil DOM-amended systems, Cd retention was jointly controlled by zeolite surface sites and DOM-derived oxygen-containing functional groups, forming a stable zeolite-soil DOM-Cd ternary system, in which hydroxyl groups (OH) played a dominant role in promoting Cd immobilization. This work provides new molecular-level insights into the critical role of soil DOM in enhancing heavy metal immobilization and offers a scientific basis for developing effective remediation strategies using waste-derived zeolites for treating Cd contaminated wastewater.

785. 题目: Differential recovery of stable and labile soil organic carbon fractions under post-fire restoration strategies in a boreal permafrost region
文章编号: N26070105
期刊: Ecological Engineering
作者: Ambachew Getnet, Liangliang Duan, Yushan Cai, Belayneh Azene, Chen Xia, Qinghua Wang, Melkamu Kassaye, Awoke Guadie
更新时间: 2026-07-01
摘要: Post-fire forest restoration strategies vary in their ability to rebuild distinct soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions: particulate organic carbon (POC), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), which differ in formation, turnover, and fire sensitivity. Using a randomized complete block design, we compared three active restoration interventions (agroforest, AF; secondary successional forest, SSF; plantation forest, PF) against an unburned natural forest (UNF) benchmark across two soil depths (0–20 and 20–40 cm). Key findings show clear trade-offs among strategies: AF restored surface MAOC to 90.5% of UNF and achieved the highest POC (20.43 g kg−1), demonstrating a superior, more stable carbon-sequestration capacity but with limited subsoil DOC recovery. SSF recovered DOC (120.6 mg kg−1) and subsoil MBC (360.2 mg kg−1) to levels statistically equivalent to UNF, indicating that diverse, deep-rooting vegetation is associated with enhanced labile carbon transfer and microbial activation in subsoils. PF performed the worst across all fractions (e.g., DOC was only 32.9% of SSF; MBC was reduced by 46.4% relative to SSF), representing a poor restoration choice. Notably, surface MBC remained ≤370 mg kg−1 across all interventions (UNF: 620.8 mg kg−1), likely due to persistent carbon limitation and the slow recovery of fungal biomass after severe fire, highlighting that microbial recovery lags behind carbon pool restoration regardless of aboveground regeneration. Soil texture and moisture were key controlling factors. Scientifically, this study provides a long-term comparison of three post-fire restoration strategies in boreal permafrost, revealing strategy-specific recovery pathways for stable versus labile carbon pools. Practically, our quantitative benchmarks offer actionable guidance: AF is recommended for rebuilding stable carbon, SSF for restoring labile carbon and deep-soil microbial activity, while PF should be avoided for carbon-focused restoration in permafrost regions.

786. 题目: Interfacial mechanisms governing nitrobenzene reductive degradation in biochar–iron mineral composites
文章编号: N26070104
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Xiaoyu Yang, Linxi Han, Ziyang Zhu, Wenyan Duan, Fangyuan Chen
更新时间: 2026-07-01
摘要: The widespread coexistence of biochar and iron minerals in anoxic ecosystems—such as wetlands, deep soils, and waterlogged paddies—is well documented.; however, their synergistic effects on nitrobenzene (NB) degradation remain poorly understood. This study systematically investigates the reductive degradation of NB under anaerobic conditions in the presence of biochar-iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral composites. These composites were designed to simulate typical coexistence states through two interaction modes: embedding and physical mixing. The results demonstrate that biochar serves as an effective electron donor, promoting the formation of key reactive species, both surface-adsorbed and structural Fe(II), within the iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral. Physical mixing of biochar with iron (oxyhydr)oxides promotes the formation of adsorbed Fe(II), thereby enhancing the reactivity of NB reduction. Compared with chemically embedded biochar, the physical mixture of corn straw biochar and ferrihydrite increased the adsorption of Fe(II) by 38.64% and the degradation NB by 13.3%, whereas the embedded method facilitated the formation of iron (oxyhydr)oxides with higher crystallinity and stability. The degradation performance was strongly correlated with the abundance of adsorbed Fe(II), which reduces NB via direct electron transfer at the biochar-iron mineral interface. Additionally, the composite's micropore volume was identified as another governing factor affecting NB removal capacity. This study elucidates key mechanisms governing organic pollutant degradation in biochar-iron (oxyhydr)oxide mineral redox systems, offering important insights into contaminant fate in anaerobic subsurface environments.

787. 题目: Corn stalk-derived magnetic humic acid nanocatalyst for green synthesis of tetrahydrodipyrazolopyridines in water
文章编号: N26070103
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Kittiwan Sresuksai, Supinya Nijpanich, Andrew J Hunt, Pakin Noppawan
更新时间: 2026-07-01
摘要: A sustainable magnetic nanocatalyst (Fe3O4/HA) was prepared by coating humic acid (HA) derived from corn stalk agricultural waste onto Fe3O4 nanoparticles via a hydrothermal-co-precipitation method. The catalyst combines the Brønsted acidity of biomass-derived humic acid with the magnetic recoverability of Fe3O4, enabling efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysis. Structural and magnetic analyses confirmed the successful formation of the Fe3O4/HA composite with preserved magnetic properties. The catalytic activity was evaluated in the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of tetrahydrodipyrazolopyridines (THDPPs) in water. Under optimized conditions, Fe3O4/0.5HA afforded excellent yields of up to 99% and exhibited broad substrate scope, including aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes. The catalyst was readily recovered using an external magnet and reused for ten consecutive cycles with only a slight loss of activity. Green chemistry assessment demonstrated the environmental benefits of the protocol. This work highlights the valorization of agricultural waste into a functional magnetic catalyst and provides an efficient and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles.

788. 题目: Static magnetic field coupled with magnetic biochar boosts methane production in sludge anaerobic digestion by activating dual electron transfer mechanisms
文章编号: N26070102
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Likui Feng, Muzi Li, Kaiyi Zhang, Shuo Liu, Heng Liang, Zhelu Gao, Huizhi Mu, Shufei He, Qingliang Zhao, Liangliang Wei
更新时间: 2026-07-01
摘要: Anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge provides a sustainable route for sludge reduction and energy recovery, yet its efficiency is often hindered by limited electron transfer and poor syntrophic metabolism. Here, the synergistic effect of static magnetic field (SMF) coupled with magnetic biochar (MBC) on methane production was investigated. The combined treatment markedly increased the conductivity and capacitance of AD systems, creating an electrochemically favorable microenvironment and boosting methane yield to 175.39 mL CH₄ gVS⁻¹added, compared to 80.70 mL CH₄ gVS⁻¹added in the control. Mechanistically, SMF-MBC optimized microbial respiratory chain electron transfer by promoting the conversion of NADH to NAD⁺, activating coenzyme F420 and the electron transport system, thereby accelerating acidification and methanogenesis. Moreover, structural variations in sludge proteins, including loosened secondary structures and disrupted C-N/N-H bonds in amide III regions both confirmed that coupled technology facilitated proton-coupled electron transfer (PECT) and strengthening the electron exchange. The enrichment of Methanobacterium, Methanosaeta, and Chloroflexi, along with the upregulation of functional genes encoding key enzymes, provided evidence that direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) was promoted by SMF-MBC. These findings indicated that SMF-MBC coupling offers a robust approach for optimizing sludge-to-energy conversion by manipulating electron transfer such as DIET and PECT mechanisms.

789. 题目: Sludge-derived biochar-supported Mg-Fe-LDH composite enabling singlet oxygen-dominated methylhydrazine degradation
文章编号: N26070101
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Xinqi Li, Sai Bai, Rui Ma, Junmei Zhou, Di Wu, Jin Qian
更新时间: 2026-07-01
摘要: Methylhydrazine (MMH), a highly toxic nitrogen-rich propellant contaminant, is difficult to remove by conventional treatment processes. Herein, waste activated sludge was upcycled into biochar and used as a functional carbon scaffold to construct a Mg-Fe layered double hydroxide/biochar composite (Mg-Fe-LDH@BC) for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The biochar matrix reconstructed LDH from aggregated plate-like particles into hierarchical microspheres assembled from ultrathin nanosheets, improving pore connectivity, active-site exposure, and mass transfer. More importantly, biochar served as an interfacial electron-transfer mediator, facilitating Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycling and steering PMS activation toward a singlet oxygen (1O2)-dominated non-radical oxidation pathway. Under optimized conditions, the Mg–Fe-LDH@BC/PMS system achieved 95.8% MMH removal within 60 min and exhibited good tolerance toward common inorganic ions and realistic water matrices. Quenching experiments and EPR analysis strongly suggest that 1O2 was the predominant reactive species under the tested conditions, with secondary contributions from SO4•-, •OH, and O2•-. LC-MS analysis further revealed that MMH degradation proceeded through oxidative bond cleavage, nitrogen-centered oxidation process with decreasing toxicity. Life cycle assessment further indicated that the LDH@BC/PMS system offered a favorable balance between catalytic efficiency and environmental burden. This study establishes a sludge-valorization-enabled catalyst design strategy and highlights structure-electron-pathway coupling as a key principle for efficient and sustainable treatment of refractory propellant wastewater.

790. 题目: Preparation of negative carbon cement soil by corn straw biochar collaborative carbonization technology: Mechanical properties, carbon sequestration evaluation, microscopic mechanism.
文章编号: N26062908
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Pengfei Wei, Wei Wang, Xukun Ma, Na Li, Chenjun Wang, Yong Liu, Ping Jiang, Miaomiao Sun
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: Resourceful utilization of waste is a global research hotspot. Biochar has attracted great interest in building industry due to its good carbon sequestration properties, but it is not clear whether it is feasible to use corn straw biochar (CS-Biochar) synergistic carbonation technology to prepare negative cement soil. In this study, the effects of CS-Biochar and carbonization technology on the mechanical properties of modified cement soil (CSBS) were investigated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and triaxial tests. In addition, the microstructure, mineral composition, carbonization depth and carbon sequestration of CSBCS were studied based on microstructure characterization methods. The results indicated that both CS-Biochar and carbonation conservation techniques resulted in a significant increase in the compressive and shear strength of CSBCS. With the increase of CS-Biochar content, the carbonization depth and relative carbon sequestration of CSBCS specimens increased first and then decreased. In addition, after carbonization for 15 h, the CO2 emissions of 1 ton of CSBCS-3 and CSBCS-5 were -2.4 kg and -8.2 kg, respectively, which proved the feasibility of using biochar synergistic carbonization technology to prepare negative carbon cement soil. Biochar not only had filling effect but also promoted cement hydration to generate a large amount of hydration products. Meanwhile, part of the hydration products participated in carbonization reaction, which further improved the interfacial bonding strength, density and carbon sequestration capacity of soil particles, reflecting the synergistic effect of biochar and carbonization technology. These findings could open up new avenues of research on biochar and carbonization techniques in cement soil.

791. 题目: Soil Organic Matter Composition Controls Neonicotinoid Transport and Accumulation to Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Agricultural Drains
文章编号: N26062907
期刊: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
作者: Noha F El Azab, Jade Gorman, Kaitlyn Fleming, Jackson Ohrling, Vaughn Mangal
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: Neonicotinoids are widely used in agriculture to manage insect pests; however, their application can harm the well-being of aquatic animals and non-target insects in surrounding ecosystems. While previous studies have identified relationships between neonicotinoid transport and soil chemistry in agricultural ecosystems, there is a lack of research exploring how the molecular properties of organic carbon in soils affect neonicotinoid mobility. In addition, there is even less research exploring the interconnected dynamics between neonicotinoid transport and nontarget biological endpoints, such as benthic macroinvertebrates. In this study, soil, stream sediment, and benthic macroinvertebrates were collected monthly across agricultural and naturalized land cover in Southern Ontario from April to October 2023 to quantify neonicotinoid levels in agricultural watersheds. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was used to characterize the molecular composition of water extractable organic matter in soil and sediment samples, and three neonicotinoids were detected using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Thiamethoxam concentrations peaked early in the sampling period, reaching 6.27±0.31 ng/g in April before steadily declining, coinciding with reductions in scrapers-grazer functional feeding groups. Conversely, thiamethoxam levels in stream sediments exhibited a delayed peak, rising to 6.82±0.94 ng/g in later summer months, suggesting mobilization from soils in as little as three months after application. Overall, thiamethoxam emerged as the most frequently detected neonicotinoids in both soil and sediment samples and a significant positive correlation was observed between WEOM and thiamethoxam (Spearman ρr2 =0.803, p=0.022). Accumulated thiamethoxam is also likely transported by phoshrpus and sulphur-containing WEOM from soils to sediments, where thiamethoxam correlated with significant decreases in scraper-grazers population in stream sediments. Together, our results identify molecular signatures within the WEOM that can serve as indicators of enhanced thiamethoxam transport from soils to sediments and highlight the rapid effects of neonicotinoids on benthic macroinvertebrate communities.

792. 题目: Photocatalytic Degradation and Defluorination of GenX in Lake Water: Elucidating the Enhanced Role of Natural Organic Matter
文章编号: N26062906
期刊: ACS ES&T Engineering
作者: Yinghao Wen, Gregory S Day, Hengyu Lin, Ray Osman K Ozdemir, Emily E Claveau, Narasimhan Loganathan, Angela K Wilson, Virender K Sharma, Xingmao Ma, Hong-Cai Zhou
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: The widespread water contamination of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO–DA, GenX), a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), necessitates the development of effective destructive treatment technologies. This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of GenX in environmentally relevant water matrices using a titanium-based metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL-125-NH2. Contrary to commonly reported inhibitory effects of natural organic matter (NOM) in photocatalytic treatment processes, natural lake water significantly enhanced GenX degradation and defluorination compared to ultrapure water. To elucidate the promotional effect of lake water, NOM and representative model compounds of its redox-active moieties (glucose, phenol, and p-benzoquinone) were introduced for systematic investigation. The observed differences in GenX degradation behaviors suggest that electron-donating NOM moieties can enhance degradation and defluorination efficiency by suppressing electron–hole recombination and increasing the availability of photogenerated electrons for GenX breakdown. The degradation products of GenX were identified, and plausible degradation pathways were also evidenced by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, neutral pH conditions enable both effective GenX degradation and MOF structural stability. Overall, this study provides mechanistic insight into how redox-active NOM moieties influence PFAS degradation in heterogeneous photocatalytic systems under environmentally relevant conditions.

793. 题目: Tightened Coupling of Organic Nitrogen and Organic Carbon Synthesis Governs Integrity of Soil Organic Matter in Black Soils.
文章编号: N26062905
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Shanzhou Chen, Chaofan Zhang, Peng Li, Shaoran Li, Hongda Xing, Zhenhao Zhao, Chongjun Zhang, Dandan Zhou, Hongliang Huo
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: Soil organic matter (SOM) underpins fertility and carbon sequestration in black soils, yet the regulatory role of soil organic nitrogen (SON) in SOM stabilization remains poorly resolved. Herein, a total of 246 cropland black soils samples spanning three SOM gradients (10 g/kg interval) collected before spring plowing were analyzed using integrated multi-spectroscopic techniques and metagenomics to unravel chemical transformations and microbial mechanisms linking nitrogen and carbon processes. Results demonstrated that SOM accumulation drove a compositional transition from labile polysaccharides-C toward persistent alkyl-C, aromatic-C and aromatic-N containing structures. SON emerged as a dominant regulator of both SOM accumulation and stabilization by promoting aromatization and nitrogen incorporation, thereby enhancing aromaticity and structural persistence. Metagenomic evidences revealed intensified microbial coordination between soil organic carbon (SOC) and SON synthesis under high SOM conditions. On average, 64.8% microbial species encoded concurrent capacities for SOC and SON synthesis under favorable SOM enrichment status. 79.4% higher microbial network interaction and 83.3% stronger coupling intensity between SOC and SON synthesis were observed in favorable SOM enrichment status. Above improvements were attributed to coordinated upregulation of five SOC synthesis pathways and six SON synthesis pathways, with increases ranging from 21% to 57.5% and 24% to 99.8%, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates that SON is not only a passive component but also an active driver that couples microbial carbon-nitrogen metabolism to govern SOM integrity, providing a novel biological perspective for understanding SOM integrity in black soils.

794. 题目: Long-term biocrust restoration enhances microbial carbon use efficiency but shifts soil organic carbon sequestration pathways.
文章编号: N26062904
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Weiqiang Dou, Xinrong Li
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: Enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration is a critical indicator of success in dryland landscape restoration. However, how microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) regulates microbial necromass C (MNC) formation and its contribution to SOC during long-term biocrust restoration remains unclear. We investigated a biocrust restoration chronosequence (0 (mobile dunes), 15, 25, 38, 44, 61, and 69 yr) in the Tengger Desert, China. CUE metrics (18O-H2O tracing) combined with amino sugar biomarkers were used to elucidate the time-dependent mechanisms of microbial-driven SOC stabilization. Our results showed that biocrust recovery increased SOC contents by 6- to 14-fold relative to mobile dunes. Concurrently, biocrust development ameliorated microhabitat limitations, triggering a 20- to 34-fold in microbial CUE over 15-69 yr, which in turn elevated MNC content by 8- to 10-fold. Crucially, the relative contribution of MNC to the SOC pool was substantial (26.5%-32.2%) during early restoration (15 yr), but this contribution declined to ∼18% in late stages (69 yr), likely owing to the diversification of SOC sources and the reduced net accumulation efficiency of MNC. Furthermore, the SOC pool was consistently dominated by bacterial rather than fungal necromass, highlighting the bacterial C pump as the primary engine for dryland soil C accrual. Overall, these findings indicate that the long-term recovery of biocrust involves an efficient yet capacity-limited microbial C sequestration mechanism, which provides important insights for macro-level dryland management such as parameterizing C models and evaluating ecological restoration outcomes.

795. 题目: Activated biochars derived from green coconut pericarp and polyurethane waste for CO2 capture.
文章编号: N26062903
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Tonny Araujo Moreira, Heryson Tresmann Lopes de Arantes, Edson Passamani Caetano, Cleocir José Dalmaschio, Ana Beatriz Costa Souza, Célia Machado Ronconi, Priscilla Paiva Luz
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: Porous carbon materials derived from waste resources have been widely investigated for gas separation applications due to their tunable surface chemistry and pore structure. In this work, biochars (BC) obtained from coconut pericarp and from co-pyrolysis with waste polyurethane were chemically activated using H3PO4 and KOH and evaluated as adsorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture. The materials were prepared by pyrolysis and characterized in terms of textural properties and surface functionality. CO2 adsorption performance was assessed through low-pressure isotherms at different temperatures and dynamic experiments under a binary CO2/N2 mixture. KOH-activated biochars exhibited highly developed microporosity, with BET surface areas of 2675 and 2291 m2 g-1 for BC-OH and NBC-OH, respectively. BC-OH showed the highest CO2 uptake, whereas NBC-OH exhibited the highest apparent CO2/N2 selectivity, reaching a value of 6.10. Adsorption was diffusion-controlled and driven mainly by physical interactions, as indicated by fractional-order kinetic model and isosteric heat values in the range of approximately 20-30 kJ mol-1. Moreover, BC-OH maintained stable adsorption capacity and selectivity over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles, confirming the relevance of precursor composition and activation route for cyclic CO2 capture. Overall, these results show that coconut pericarp and waste polyurethane can be effectively converted into waste-derived and regenerable carbon adsorbents, offering a sustainable route for post-combustion CO2 capture and the valorization of biomass and polymer wastes.

796. 题目: Catchment topography and land cover modulate DOM photoreactivity in reservoirs.
文章编号: N26062902
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Run Zhang, Zhongyu Guo, Guo Chen, Ye Zhang, Hidetaka Ichiyanagi, Chihiro Yoshimura
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reservoir surface water is an important mediator for the photochemical fate of organic pollutants and disinfection by-products in drinking-water treatment. However, the roles of catchment and reservoir conditions in influencing the photoreactivity of DOM in reservoirs remain poorly understood. This study investigated 50 reservoirs in temperate and cold climates across Japan to identify the key catchment/reservoir factors contributing to DOM concentration, optical properties, and photoreactivity (i.e., quantum yield). The samples showed wide variability in the quantum yield coefficients for photoproduction of excited triplet states of DOM (31.3-168 M-1) and quantum yield for photoproduction of singlet oxygen (1.46-6.21 × 10-2). Steep slopes and dominance of grassland/paddy fields in catchments and high latitudes of the reservoir emerged as important conditions across reservoirs. These conditions correspond to DOM with relatively low dissolved organic carbon concentrations and aromaticity, but enhanced photoreactivity which can accelerate pollutant transformation and have the potential to generate toxic products. In contrast, catchments with gentle slopes and extensive forest coverage were correlated with relatively high concentrations and aromaticity of DOM, resulting in diminished photochemical activity. In summary, DOM photoreactivity is modulated by the dominant land cover, topography, and solar irradiance. Our findings demonstrate that variations in catchment and reservoir conditions modulate the optical and photochemical traits of DOM on reservoir surfaces. These findings guide water management, prioritizing source control in reservoirs draining steep, grassland/paddy catchments, and optimizing treatment in gently sloped, forested catchments.

797. 题目: Long-term light grazing facilitates topsoil carbon accumulation in desert steppes by disrupting preferential flow networks.
文章编号: N26062901
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Chen Meng, Enpei Zhang, Jianjun Qu, Naiping Song, Jianzhi Niu, Zhihao Zhu, Zhengcong Yin, Yan Shang, Lei Wang
更新时间: 2026-06-29
摘要: Grazing exerts a remarkable influence on soil water infiltration in arid regions. Compared with matrix flow featuring uniform infiltration, preferential flow rapidly transports limited precipitation and drives nutrient migration, thereby regulating the accumulation and spatial distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which grazing alters soil preferential flow and subsequently affects soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics remain poorly elucidated. This study was conducted in desert steppe, comparing soil carbon and nitrogen contents and preferential flow characteristics between long-term enclosed plots (10 years of grazing followed by 20 years of enclosure) and long-term lightly grazed plots (30 years) across three habitats: natural caragana shrub, planted caragana shrub and grassland. Results demonstrated that, relative to long-term enclosure, long-term light grazing mitigated the magnitude of preferential flow. Overall, light grazing significantly elevated the contents of soil organic carbon, easily oxidizable organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, recalcitrant organic carbon, and soluble organic nitrogen in the topsoil. In enclosed plots, soil carbon and nitrogen levels were higher in the matrix flow zone than in the preferential flow zone, whereas an opposite pattern was observed in grazed plots, with an amplified discrepancy in carbon and nitrogen between the two zones. Long-term light grazing promotes topsoil carbon accumulation and alters carbon distribution patterns in desert steppe by reducing soil preferential flow intensity. These findings provide a sustainable approach for enhancing the carbon sink capacity of desert steppes while sustaining pastoral livelihoods.

798. 题目: Organic matter in Martian radiation environment: Occurrence, evolutionary pathways, influence factors, characterization techniques, and further perspectives
文章编号: N26062817
期刊: Earth-Science Reviews
作者: Zhongyi Liu, Peixin Du, Meng Han, Enming Ju, David C Fernández-Remolar, Ting Huang, Shaolin Li, Peng Yuan
更新时间: 2026-06-28
摘要: The detection and characterization of Martian organic matter (OM) represent critical steps in the search for life beyond Earth. However, the harsh Martian surface environment, particularly its radiation regime, poses significant challenges to the preservation of OM. In this contribution, we summarize and discuss the detection and origins of Martian OM, the main types of radiation in Martian radiation environment (MRE) and their reaction mechanisms with OM, the factors influencing radiation-OM interactions, and the techniques for simulating MRE and analyzing radiation-induced changes of Martian OM. Organic compounds have been detected in Martian meteorites and through Mars exploration missions. These OM may have originated from exogenous delivery via interplanetary materials, abiotic synthesis on early Mars, or potentially from biological activity by past or extant Martian organisms. The MRE mainly consists of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation and high-energy particles (HEPs), which interact with OM predominantly through photolysis and ionization, respectively, resulting in molecular degradation or chemical transformation. Factors influencing radiation-OM interactions include the structure and properties of OM, and environmental conditions such as temperature, water availability, pH, the presence of oxygen or reactive oxygen species, mineral composition of the associated soils, and dust storms. Despite significant advances in detecting and understanding OM under the MRE, several intriguing questions remain. These include, but are not limited to, the detection of OM in the Martian subsurface for potential biological insights; the development of databases documenting OM transformation pathways under Mars-like conditions, coupled with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis; and the exploration of extremophiles or engineered organisms capable of surviving the MRE for future Mars terraforming initiatives.

799. 题目: Investigation of Black Carbon characteristics over the Arctic: Contribution of fossil fuel and biomass burning
文章编号: N26062816
期刊: Atmospheric Environment
作者: Ritesh Kumar, Rohit Srivastava
更新时间: 2026-06-28
摘要: The Arctic, one of the Earth's coldest regions and a key regulator of the global climate system, has been warming up to four times faster than rest of the globe, known as Arctic Amplification. Black carbon (BC), an atmospheric aerosol primarily sourced from incomplete biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion, significantly affects the Arctic climate by absorbing solar radiation, altering radiation balance, darkening reflective surfaces such as snow and ice, and inducing local atmospheric heating. This study analyses the BC and biomass burning contribution (BB%) to BC in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Arctic (2019–2022), revealing seasonal BC peaks in winter and spring, whereas BB% displayed a variable seasonal pattern, with high values in summer and spring. The annual mean BC mass concentration was 40.0 ± 10.5 ng m−3, with a corresponding BB% of 20.7 ± 2.9%. The lowest BC and BB% levels in 2022 were attributed to higher precipitation, fewer vegetation fires, and reduced episodic events. Fossil fuel contribution to BC in winter of 2021, 2022 reduced more than half of BC in 2019, 2020. Warm air mass intrusions from the eastern region are responsible for episodic high BC concentrations over the year, with this region being the dominant source, while the western region contributes less. Large-scale climate patterns and meteorological variability exerted a strong influence on BC mass during winter. The findings underscore the need for enhanced observational networks, advanced climate modeling, and targeted mitigation strategies in eastern region to mitigate the impact of BC on the Arctic climate.

800. 题目: Biochar-mediated detoxification of biofuel-derived toxins: A pathway-specific approach toward closed-loop biorefineries
文章编号: N26062815
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Muhammad Rabah, Labeeb Ali, Mubarak Al-Kwradi, Mohammednoor Altarawneh
更新时间: 2026-06-28
摘要: Toxic byproducts are formed during biofuel production via pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, fermentation, and transesterification as an inevitable consequence of conversion chemistry. This inherent paradox directly challenges the sustainability aspect of biofuels, which mainly rely on carbon reduction. Toxin composition and concentration vary with reaction conditions and with feedstock diversity, such as lignocellulosic residues, algae, and waste streams. Thermochemical routes selectively produce phenolic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals, while furans, light oxygenates, and polyols originate from feedstock pretreatment, fermentation, and biodiesel purification. The present study shows that feedstock type, conversion process, and carbonization temperature of coproduced biochar control its detoxification selectivity by influencing aromaticity, pore structure, polarity, and redox sites. Biochar aromaticity and hydrophobicity promote the removal of PAHs and phenolics through π–π interactions and hydrophobic partitioning. Biochar enriched with oxygen-containing functional groups facilitates pore filling and H-bonding pathways, thereby enhancing the removal of furans and light oxygenates. While high concentrations of mineral domains and redox-active sites in biochar facilitate heavy metals stabilization. Accordingly, this study describes a property-mechanism-selectivity framework that connects the origin of toxins, biochar evolution, and pathway-selective detoxification. This framework presents an integrated biorefinery concept in which biochar production, effluent detoxification, regeneration, and energy recovery are integrated, with detoxification as a design element rather than a downstream correction.