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381. 题目: Rainstorm‑driven highly chlorine‑reactive DOM increases disinfection byproduct risks in drinking water
文章编号: N26081208
期刊: Water Research
作者: Zhengdi Wu, Pin Wang, Yu Lei, Yayun Zhang, Zhimin Qiang, Wenhai Chu
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: More frequent rainstorm events under global climate change substantially alter dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in source waters via runoff, exacerbating disinfection byproduct (DBP) risks in drinking water. Here, we provide a molecular- level elucidation of how rainstorm-altered DOM regulates DBP formation and associated cytotoxicity in drinking water. Results show that rainstorm events increased DOM concentrations and shifted DOM composition toward higher chlorine reactivity, leading to an approximately 46% increase in total organic halogen formation (TOX) and an approximately four-fold increase in water cytotoxicity after disinfection. Post-rainstorm DOM showed increased contributions of heteroatom-containing and less saturated molecular formulas, which were associated with higher TOX yields and enhanced apparent chlorine reactivity. A mass-difference linkage analysis indicated a 52% increase in possible precursor-product formula pairs after the rainstorm, with formula-level mass differences related to chlorine addition and chlorine substitution accompanied by oxygen incorporation accounting for 63% of the increase in links. Importantly, coagulation-precipitation process and O3-BAC exhibited limited effectiveness in removing chlorine-reactive DOM components induced by the events, resulting in 19–86% higher DBP formation in BAC filter effluents compared with pre-rain waters. These findings provide molecular-level evidence that rainstorm-responsive DOM increases the treatment burden and residual DBP formation potential in full-scale drinking water treatment systems, highlighting the urgent need for proactive stormwater management and effective DBP mitigation strategies.

382. 题目: Humic-like dissolved organic matter as a potential driver of microbial denitrification in carbon-limited groundwater
文章编号: N26081207
期刊: Water Research
作者: Chenpan Gong, Xu Cao, Yi Zhao, Bing Yi, Chenyi Yuan, Xiaorui Chen, Yutao Guo, Yubin Wang, Wei He, Yuan-Yuan Shi, Chao Ma, Wei He
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: Groundwater nitrate pollution is increasingly severe, creating a significant stoichiometric imbalance between carbon and nitrogen. Yet, how dissolved organic carbon-to-nitrate ratios (DOC:NO3⁻) regulate dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition, microbial community structure, and nitrogen transformation remains unclear, especially in oligotrophic aquifers with scarce carbon sources. By integrating Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR), we elucidated the effects of DOC:NO3⁻ on DOM composition and nitrogen cycling. Our results revealed that extreme carbon limitation in the LDN group (low dissolved organic carbon-to-nitrate ratio, DOC:NO3⁻ < 0.1) promoted the selective preservation and accumulation of humic-like DOM. The LDN group contained more unique molecular formulas than the HDN group (0.1 ≤ DOC:NO3⁻ < 1.0) (1194 vs 848), predominantly distributed in the highly unsaturated structures with high oxygen region, suggesting greater humification and structural complexity under persistent carbon limitation. Moreover, the microbial co-occurrence network in the LDN group showed higher connectivity with more positive associations than that in the HDN group, implying greater reliance on metabolic cross-feeding to overcome energy constraints. Notably, denitrification genes were 1.98 times more abundant in the LDN group than in the HDN group (P < 0.05), suggesting a robust potential for nitrogen removal despite the low DOC availability. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) further identified DOM composition and microbial community structure as key drivers of nitrogen reduction functions. These findings challenge the conventional view that only labile carbon supports denitrification, demonstrating instead that humic-like DOM may serve as a persistent carbon reservoir and potential redox mediator to sustain nitrogen cycling in carbon-limited groundwater. This study provides a new mechanistic perspective for nitrate pollution control and the management of deep subsurface ecosystems.

383. 题目: Photoaging dynamics of tire wear particles in the terrestrial-aquatic interface: The crucial role of soil solution chemistry and dissolved organic matter evolution
文章编号: N26081206
期刊: Water Research
作者: Tianran Xing, Xiaoya Wang, Mulan Cui, Xukewei Zou, Qinghua Liu, Tong Li, Tingting Du, Lijun Wu
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: Tire wear particles (TWPs) represent one of the primary sources of microplastic pollution entering aquatic systems via road runoff and soil leaching. Once deposited at the terrestrial-aquatic interface, the inevitable photoaging of TWPs in soil solutions dictates their subsequent environmental fate and toxicological profile. This study investigates the time-dependent photoaging behavior of TWPs within soil solutions derived from three representative soil types: brown soil (BS), paddy soil (PS), and fluvo-aquic soil (FS). The results demonstrate that the molecular evolution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the soil-water interface is closely associated with the aging trajectory of TWPs. During the initial 30 days of photoaging, the higher content of humic substances in DOM from both the FS soil solution and the TWPs conferred greater photochemical reactivity, leading to a higher degree of TWPs oxidation in FS compared to BS and PS. Conversely, as photoaging progressed, the high metal concentrations and low pH in BS facilitated a greater accumulation of quinone-like components, which potentially enhanced electron-accepting capacity and increased the production of hydroxyl radicals and triplet-state DOM. These shifts ultimately correlated with more extensive fragmentation and surface oxidation of TWPs in BS. By elucidating how soil solution chemistry co-regulates the dynamic evolution of DOM and particle aging trajectories, this study highlights the role of soil as a reactive gateway that alters the characteristics of microplastics before their transport into the aquatic environment. These findings provide essential insights into incorporating plastic-derived organic carbon reactivity into future environmental fate assessments of microplastics.

384. 题目: Source-dependent pyrolysis temperature optimization for sewage sludge biochar: balancing nutrient retention and heavy metal passivation
文章编号: N26081205
期刊: Waste Management
作者: Zhuding Chu, Lishan Shu, Yu Liu, Pengcheng Jiang, Canghaisu Wang, Sheng Li, Xiaowei Liu, Huabo Gong, Zhongkang Yang
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: Addressing the conflict between rising sludge production and its resource utilization, this study evaluated environmental risks and resource potential of sludge-derived biochar. The nutrients and heavy metals in sludge and biochar were systematically analyzed based on mixed industrial-domestic sludge and purely domestic sludge, produced at pyrolysis temperatures from 350°C to 800°C. Results indicated that sludge source critically determined its resource utilization pathway. For mixed sludge, pyrolysis at 550–650°C concentrated total nutrients by 77–82% (peaking at 13–14.5%), whereas domestic sludge retained available nitrogen best at < 450°C, limiting nitrogen loss to < 50%. Pyrolysis reduced environmental risks by stabilizing heavy metals. For mixed sludge at 650°C, residual fractions of Cu, Cr, and Pb exceeded 80%, reducing potential ecological risks (RI) to mild pollution levels (38.98 and 21.14). For domestic sludge at 450°C, Cd and Zn leaching toxicity was effectively passivated to below 0.001 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively, meeting safety standards. This study confirms that a temperature-based strategy based on source differentiation can simultaneously optimize the nutrient efficiency and environmental safety of sludge-derived biochar, providing important insights and theoretical framework for fertilizer use in future studies.

385. 题目: The efficacy of root exudate-driven mineral-associated organic matter destabilization is significantly altered by the presence of soil matrix
文章编号: N26081204
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Tobias Bölscher, Hui Li, Matthew J Winnick, Zoe G Cardon, Marco Keiluweit
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: Mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is often considered stable, but root exudates can destabilize MAOM via various pathways. Theory and model system studies suggest that direct MAOM destabilization by strong ligands, like oxalic acid, or reducing agents, like catechol, is more effective than indirect, microbial-mediated MAOM destabilization, stimulated by less reactive compounds like glucose. Here, we demonstrate that the presence of a soil matrix alters the efficacy of exudate-driven MAOM destabilization pathways. Glucose and catechol destabilized significantly greater amounts of MAOM from ferrihydrite and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) embedded in a soil matrix than oxalic acid. Our findings indicate that indirect, microbial-mediated MAOM destabilization may play a larger role than direct MAOM destabilization in soil environments.

386. 题目: Dual pathways of soil organic carbon stabilization under organic management: A global synthesis integrating NanoSIMS evidence
文章编号: N26081203
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Yuncai Miao, Junji Yuan, Tiehu He, Bo Tang, Ruyi Luo, Weixin Ding
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: Organic amendments are widely adopted to improve soil fertility, yet how distinct soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions are differentially stabilized and how their underlying mechanisms are reorganized under organic management remain incompletely understood. Here, we integrate a global meta-analysis of 236 paired observations from 70 field experiments with nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging to disentangle dual, functionally distinct pathways of SOC stabilization under organic management. Organic amendments significantly increased SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) by 38.9–40.3%, 81.0–95.5%, and 25.5–29.8%, respectively. The increased POC to SOC ratio and decreased MAOC to SOC and MAOC to POC ratios suggest that organic management preferentially enhanced the accumulation of particulate organic carbon relative to mineral-associated carbon. Meta-regression analyses revealed that increases in POC and MAOC were jointly driven by nitrogen availability and microbial biomass, identifying microbial transformation as a common entry point, while their subsequent stabilization diverged through distinct pathways. Specifically, POC accumulation was primarily associated with aggregation-driven physical inaccessibility, whereas MAOC formation was governed by microbial-mineral interactions and strongly associated with reactive iron oxides rather than bulk clay content. Consistent with these patterns, NanoSIMS imaging showed preferential MAOC enrichment in microbially active, intermediate-to-large pores (approximately 240–330 μm), while SOC in compost-amended soils was relatively enriched in aggregate-associated small pores, reflecting reinforced physical protection of particulate carbon. By integrating global evidence with pore-scale observations, this study reveals two complementary pathways governing SOC persistence under organic amendments, with POC stabilized primarily by aggregation-mediated physical protection and MAOC by microbial-mineral interactions.

387. 题目: Polyethylene microplastics–biochar coexistence induces a positive priming effect on native soil organic carbon mineralization while enhancing glucose retention
文章编号: N26081202
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Feitong Chen, Yuxuan Zhu, Jiasheng Zou, Junting Wang, Xiangwei You, Yanhui Dai, Zhixiang Jiang, Hao Zheng
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: The impacts of microplastics (MPs) and biochar on root exudate-induced priming effect on native soil organic carbon mineralization (PE-NSOC) and on root exudate mineralization remain poorly understood. Here, 13C stable isotope labeling combined with biochar-specific biomarkers (benzene polycarboxylic acids, BPCAs) was used to partition CO2 emissions from NSOC, glucose (root exudate representative), and biochar. Polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs) exerted limited effects on glucose-induced PE-NSOC, which remained negative, similar to glucose alone. Conversely, corn straw biochar (CSB) markedly reversed PE-NSOC from negative to positive, likely through early-stage nutrient limitation followed by late-stage microbial stimulation. Importantly, pyrolysis temperature dictated the direction of MP-biochar interactions: PE-MPs further enhanced positive PE-NSOC induced by low-temperature CSB, but weakened it when combined with high-temperature CSB. All treatments suppressed glucose mineralization, with the strongest inhibition observed for PE-MPs combined with high-temperature CSB, probably due to the enhanced adsorption, bacterial diversity, and nitrogen-acquisition enzyme activities (e.g., leucine aminopeptidase). Carbon balance analysis revealed net SOC gains in most treatments, except PE-MPs combined with low-temperature CSB, with the greatest increase occurring under glucose plus PE-MPs. These findings highlight the importance of biochar pyrolysis temperature in regulating MP-biochar interactions and provide guidance for biochar-based carbon management in MP-contaminated soils.

388. 题目: Soil organic carbon and pH govern the divergent trajectories of organic and inorganic sulfur under long-term fertilization
文章编号: N26081201
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Haotian Shi, Miao Lei, Shaomin Huang, Hongjun Gao, Lu Zhang, Dongchu Li, Shulan Zhang, Xianlu Yue, Qingxu Ma, Wenju Zhang
更新时间: 2026-08-12
摘要: Globally, declining atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition has increased the risk of S deficiency in intensive agricultural systems, yet the long-term changes in soil S fractions and their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we used three 30-year (1990–2019) field experiments spanning China's temperate-to-subtropical climate gradient to examine changes in soil organic S (SOS) and inorganic S (SIS) fractions under contrasting fertilization regimes. Despite consistently positive apparent S budgets, topsoil SIS declined by 30–112 mg kg−1 under most site-treatment combinations, whereas SOS remained stable or increased, indicating a decoupling between apparent S inputs and SIS retention. This divergence reflected the different controls on organic S stabilization and inorganic S retention. Linear mixed-effects models and partial least squares path analysis showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and pH were the major regulatory factors: SOC was significantly positively correlated with SOS and its fractions, whereas pH governed SIS retention through pH-dependent sulfate adsorption and calcium-associated sulfate stabilization mechanisms. Integrated organic-mineral fertilization, namely NPKM (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers plus manure), emerged as a promising strategy, as it simultaneously maintained crop yields, sustained SOS accumulation, kept soil available S above the reference deficiency threshold across sites, and reduced acidification pressure compared with mineral fertilization alone. These findings demonstrate that sustainable soil S management should move beyond input replacement and instead regulate soil-internal cycling processes, particularly SOC accumulation and pH buffering, to sustain soil S fertility under declining atmospheric S deposition.

389. 题目: An operational decision framework for energy–carbon trade-offs in hemp-derived biochar systems
文章编号: N26081115
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Andréa Elisabete Gomes Esten Gomes, Thiago Luccas Correa dos Santos Gomes, Camila Pires Cremasco, Eduardo Festozo Vicente, Luís Roberto Almeida Gabriel Filho
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is increasingly discussed as a multipurpose lignocellulosic feedstock for renewable energy, carbon sequestration, and circular bioeconomy strategies. However, current evidence on hemp-derived biochar remains dispersed across agronomy, thermochemical conversion, environmental assessment, techno-economic analysis, and regulatory readiness, limiting transparent decision-making for process selection and scale-up. This study develops an operational decision framework for hemp-derived biochar systems through a structured evidence synthesis and scenario-oriented classification of thermochemical pathways. Peer-reviewed literature on hemp biomass, biochar production, thermochemical conversion, integrated assessment, and regulatory constraints was screened and coded to define three decision dimensions: energy recovery, carbon retention, and operational feasibility. These dimensions were translated into carbon-oriented, balanced, and energy-oriented regimes and operationalized through an ordinal scenario-screening matrix for comparing low-, intermediate-, and high-temperature conversion pathways. The analysis indicates that thermochemical conditions, especially temperature and residence time, control the core trade-off between stable carbon retention and recoverable energy products. Lower-temperature regimes generally favor biochar yield and carbon stability, whereas higher-temperature regimes increase energy carrier production but reduce the solid carbon fraction. Intermediate regimes provide the strongest basis for multiproduct circular bioeconomy configurations. The framework does not replace life-cycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, or multi-criteria decision analysis; instead, it provides an upstream operational layer for defining system objectives, selecting conversion regimes, and identifying where detailed quantitative assessment is required. By linking process parameters, energy–carbon performance, environmental applications, logistics, and regulatory constraints, the study offers a practical decision-oriented contribution to cleaner biomass valorization and hemp-based bioeconomy design.

390. 题目: Reed-derived biochar immobilized sulfate-reducing bacteria for stable acid mine drainage remediation under continuous-flow conditions
文章编号: N26081114
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Mingjie Dong, Lai Zhou, Yingao Liu, Kaikai Zhang, Xueqiang Zhu
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Acid mine drainage (AMD), characterized by strong acidity, high sulfate concentrations, and heavy metal contamination, poses a significant global environmental challenge. Although sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-based bioremediation is a promising approach, its efficacy is often limited by bacterial washout and metabolic inhibition under dynamic flow and acidic conditions. This study developed a composite inoculant by immobilizing SRB onto reed-derived biochar (SRB@LWC) to overcome these limitations. Static experiments demonstrated that SRB@LWC achieved removal efficiencies of 85.23% for sulfate and over 99% for total iron, leveraging synergistic mechanisms including biochar adsorption, SRB-mediated sulfate reduction, and metal sulfide precipitation. Dynamic column experiments simulating realistic flow conditions revealed that SRB@LWC maintained superior stable performance for 30 days, elevating pH above 6.5, stabilizing oxidation-reduction potential near −300 mV, and achieving removal rates of 69.84% for sulfate and 94.26% for iron. In contrast, free SRB lost activity within three days. Microbial community analysis indicated that biochar facilitated the colonization and spatial stratification of the core functional genus Desulfovibrio, which reached 68.32% relative abundance. This study demonstrates that biochar-immobilized SRB offers a stable and effective strategy for in-situ AMD remediation under continuous-flow conditions.

391. 题目: In situ polyacrylamide grafted biochar for heavy metal remediation and alleviation of phytotoxicity
文章编号: N26081113
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Yilun Wang, Zhaoshuang Li, Xu Xu, He Liu, Guoen Yang, Chuntao Kuang, Min Zhang, Zhenfei Yang, Yuanfeng Wei, Yiqiang Wu
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Biochar exhibits notable potential for heavy metal remediation owing to economic feasibility and environmental compatibility, but pristine coconut shell biochar remains constrained by limited immobilization capability, insufficient stability, as well as narrow applicability. Polyacrylamide grafted coconut shell biochar (PAM-BC) was synthesized via in situ polymerization to overcome previous limitations. PAM-BC exhibited effective adsorption performance in aqueous solutions, with maximum capacities reaching 151.3 mg/g for Cd2+ and 174.1 mg/g for Pb2+. In a soil-plant system, PAM-BC significantly decreased bioavailable fractions of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by 56.1%/76.1%, respectively. The reduction effectively inhibited migration and accumulation of heavy metals in plant roots, stems, as well as leaves. Concurrently, the microbial community was optimized through the enrichment of beneficial functional bacteria as well as the suppression of harmful populations. The remediation performance is attributed to the unique architecture. A three dimensional network was constructed by the extension of flexible PAM chains into rigid pores, and the biochar skeleton was preserved. Abundant -NH2 and -COOH groups facilitated stable chelation with Cd2+ and Pb2+, achieving dual enhancement via physical entrapment as well as chemical fixation. Consequently, a viable pathway for biochar functionalization is proposed, and the potential of PAM-BC for heavy metal remediation across diverse scenarios is demonstrated.

392. 题目: Biochar increases plant biomass and reshapes biomass allocation through coordinated belowground and aboveground responses
文章编号: N26081112
期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
作者: Mei Yang, Jiahuan Guo, Juan Du, Lei Feng, Wenqiong Li, Mengke Huang, Hui Zhang, Huili Feng
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Biochar is increasingly used to improve soil function and plant production, but its influence on biomass allocation remains unresolved at the global scale. Here, we conducted a global meta-analysis using 6489 paired observations from 107 studies to quantify how biochar addition affects plant biomass, biomass partitioning, plant functional traits, and soil properties across terrestrial ecosystems. Biochar addition increased overall plant biomass accumulation by 40.1%, with significant gains in whole-plant biomass, aboveground biomass, and belowground biomass of 35.4%, 36.6%, and 48.0%, respectively. The root-to-shoot ratio also increased by 16.0%, showing that biochar addition promoted growth while shifting biomass allocation. Plant functional types showed contrasting responses to biochar addition. Herbaceous plants exhibited significant increases in total, aboveground, and belowground biomass together with a higher root-to-shoot ratio, whereas woody plants showed biomass increases but relatively stable allocation patterns. Biochar addition was also associated with improvements in soil physicochemical and biological properties, enhanced root morphology and physiology, promoted stem and leaf development, and increased photosynthetic capacity. Meta-regression further showed that biomass responses increased with mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, biochar pH, biochar total carbon content, and initial soil organic carbon. In contrast, application rate, experimental duration, and biochar specific surface area and initial soil pH showed nonlinear, moderator-specific responses. Our analysis further showed that repeated biochar applications were associated with substantially stronger biomass responses than single applications. These effects reveal biochar sensitivity to management and background environmental conditions. Overall, our findings demonstrate that biochar influences multiple dimensions of plant and soil functioning and highlight its important role in regulating plant productivity and soil processes across environmental conditions.

393. 题目: Seasonal shifts in dissolved organic matter composition drive the formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts via a carbon-nitrogen coupling mechanism in source water
文章编号: N26081111
期刊: Environmental Research
作者: Tianyu Chen, Shiyang Yu, Qiurui Zhang, Jing Qian, Yonghong Bi, Anen He, Lingxiangyu Li, Nanwen Zhu, Jitao Lv, Zhigang Li, Yawei Wang, Guibin Jiang
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition plays a critical role in disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation, yet the molecular mechanisms governing the formation of highly toxic nitrogenous DBPs (N-DBPs) remain unclear, particularly under seasonally varying conditions. This study conducted continuous monthly fixed-point sampling for 1 year at a large drinking water source lake in Taihu, and simulated chlor(am)ination disinfection of the water samples. A total of 16,383 molecular formulas were identified, while seasonal variations were reflected by changes in the abundance and distribution of specific molecular groups. Protein-like and nitrogen-containing compounds were enriched in summer, whereas lignin-like and more aromatic compounds dominated in winter. Despite moderate total DBPs levels, winter samples exhibited the highest Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell LC50 values, with HANs contributing over 60% of toxicity. Molecular-level analysis revealed that HANs formation was not directly associated with nitrogen-containing DOM, but instead strongly correlated with lignin-like CHO compounds. Combined with positive relationships between HANs and ammonia nitrogen (p < 0.05), these results suggest a potential carbon–nitrogen coupling mechanism underlying the formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts, in which lignin-derived carbon structures act as key reactive precursors, while nitrogen availability regulates the incorporation pathways leading to N-DBPs. This mechanism explains the decoupling between total DBPs concentration and toxicity and highlights the critical role of DOM molecular composition and nutrient conditions in controlling DBPs risks. The study also reveals that targeted control measures for DBPs in drinking water and risk assessment are necessary in different seasons.

394. 题目: Photodegradation process of microplastics mediated by biochar-derived dissolved organic matter: Insights from density functional theory calculations
文章编号: N26081110
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Kunliang Jiang, Zaifeng Wang, Huacheng Xu, Zhaoliang Peng, Yuxuan Zhang, Wenkang Li, Shengkai Zhou, Qingru Wan, Na Song
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) is a major component of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) and frequently interacts with microplastics (MPs). However, there has been little research on their evolution and interactions during the process of co-photodegradation. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the photodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate microplastics (MPs-PET) and polylactic acid microplastics (MPs-PLA) mediated by BDOM derived from rice straw and reed stalk, and their mutual interactions. Results show notable differences in photoaging rates between MPs-PET and MPs-PLA. MPs-PET maintained relatively stable structural integrity but exhibited more pronounced photoaging-induced physicochemical transformations during aging. The study also revealed the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the degradation process. And used the self-organizing map (SOM) model to investigate the changes and characteristics of the fluorescence components during the interaction between MPs and BDOM. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicate that, in addition to electron-withdrawing and electron-donating effects, the functional groups on the benzene ring may be related to the unique aging behavior of MPs. These findings provide important insights for assessing the environmental behavior and ecological risks of MPs under light exposure and offer a theoretical basis for understanding the environmental fate of MPs in BDOM.

395. 题目: Efficient directional conversion of chemical energy contained in organic matter into cellular biomass energy induced by different terminal electron acceptors during activated sludge process
文章编号: N26081109
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Rui Liu, Wen-Jing Li, Shao-Yang Liu, Jin-Song Guo, Fang Fang, You-Peng Chen, Peng Yan
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Optimizing the use of electron acceptors by bacteria effectively improve energy recovery in wastewater treatment plants. Substrate allocation, energy utilization efficiency and core carbon metabolic flux in Thauera aminoaromatica S2 (T. aminoaromatica S2) were investigated under different electron acceptors (O2, NO2−, and NO3−). Results indicated that T. aminoaromatica S2 exhibited a higher specific growth rate and metabolic activity under O₂ than NO2− and NO3− as the electron acceptors. Biomass yields were 0.56, 0.40, and 0.36 mg CODp/mg CODs under O2, NO2−, and NO3− as the electron acceptors, respectively, corresponding to the conversion of 50.1%, 39.4% and 35.5% of organic energy into biomass energy. 13C metabolic flux analysis revealed biomass synthesis fluxes of 2.60, 1.65, and 1.24 mmol/(g DCW·h), respectively, under O₂, NO₂−, and NO₃− as the electron acceptors. Under O2 as the electron acceptors, 43.1% of carbon metabolic flux entered glyoxylate shunt, while remaining 56.9% entered TCA cycle. Conversely, when NO2− and NO3− served as the electron acceptors, 75.2% and 77.1% of carbon metabolic flux was channeled into TCA cycle, significantly limiting glyoxylate shunt. Consequently, ATP and NADPH allocated for biomass synthesis were maximal under O2, followed by NO2− and NO3− as the electron acceptors. The high P/O ratio under O₂ enabled preferential energy allocation for growth. Furthermore, T. aminoaromatica S2 maintained sufficient carbon metabolic flux through gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway to ensure sufficient precursor supply under different electron acceptors.

396. 题目: Soil organic carbon thermal stability and molecular characteristics in alpine tundra: Roles of inherent soil properties and microbial
文章编号: N26081108
期刊: Catena
作者: Xue Liu, Zhongsheng Zhang, Haitao Wu
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: The alpine tundra domain occurs at high elevation in mountain ecosystems and serves as an important pool of soil organic carbon (SOC). Owing to its low-temperature environment, alpine tundra SOC is highly sensitive to climate warming, which may alter SOC molecular characteristics, reduce carbon storage, and strengthen the positive feedback between terrestrial carbon cycling and climate change. However, whether and how warming-associated environmental change affects SOC pool and stability by molecular characteristics and their microbial mechanisms remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a 24-month field soil-core translocation experiment along an elevational gradient on Changbai Mountain. Soil cores collected from the alpine tundra at 2278 m were transferred to a lower and warmer birch forest site at 1987 m to simulate climate warming conditions. Meanwhile, control soil cores were established at both the tundra site (T-CK) and the birch forest site (BF-CK). The results showed that DSC-T50, defined as the temperature at which 50% of the total exothermic energy at range of 190–550 °C was released, significantly decreased after translocation, indicating reduced SOC thermal stability. In contrast, TG-T50 showed only a non-significant decreasing trend. The absorbance peak ratio of 1630/2920 was lower in T-Warm (1.10 ± 0.07) and T-CK (1.16 ± 0.11) than in BF-CK (1.22 ± 0.16), suggesting a higher proportion of stable organic carbon in native birch forest soil. Aliphatics, alkyls, nitrogen-containing compounds, and polysaccharides remained the predominant SOC molecular components, but warming treatment altered the relative abundances of several Py-GC/MS compound groups and decreased SOC molecular diversity indices. Although the bacterial community of T-Warm tended to shift toward that of BF-CK, SOC molecular characteristics did not fully converge with native birch forest soil. Overall, our findings indicated that SOC pool and stability in alpine tundra soils are regulated by multiple interacting factors, including warming-associated environmental change, SOC molecular characteristics, microbial communities, and inherent soil properties. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms controlling SOC persistence in high-elevation mountain ecosystems under climate change.

397. 题目: Micro/nanoscale biochar facilitates cadmium immobilization and soybean resilience: Insights from microbial life-history strategies and plant physiological response
文章编号: N26081107
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Yaping Wang, Yichen Xu, Yini Cao, Yi Hu, Changrui Liu, Chuanxin Ma, Wende Yan
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Biochar (BC), particularly micro/nanoscale biochar (MNBC), exhibits great potential for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, the mechanisms underlying their effects on microbial life-history strategies and plant physiological responses remain poorly understood. Here, a 50-day pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of BC/MNBC applied at 1%, 2% and 4% (w/w) on soybean growth and rhizosphere bacterial life-history strategies under cadmium (Cd) stress. Compared to Cd-alone, BC decreased malondialdehyde and superoxide anion contents by 33.3%-40.7% and 11.2%-23.0%, respectively. The corresponding reductions under MNBC treatment were 41.1%-52.7% and 18.6%-31.2%, respectively, indicating a greater alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative damage. Principal component analysis further indicated a shift in soybean physiological status from Cd stress to homeostasis, coinciding with biochar application. Notably, 4% MNBC significantly decreased shoot and root Cd by 70.7% and 65.2%, respectively, outperforming BC. BC/MNBC amendments were associated with higher relative abundances of bacterial r-strategists and lower abundances of K-strategists under Cd stress. These findings highlight the potential of MNBC to enhance crop resilience and decrease Cd accumulation, providing a microbial ecological perspective on the restoration of Cd-contaminated agroecosystems.

398. 题目: Long-term straw return enhances plant- and microbial-derived carbon accrual in SOC fractions through microbial life-history strategies in a clay-rich Vertisol
文章编号: N26081106
期刊: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
作者: Zichun Guo, Zizhou Yu, Tianyu Ding, Lei Gao, keke Hua, Daozhong Wang, Xinhua Peng
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Vertisols are widespread and generally more resistant to degradation than other soil types. Straw return is widely promoted to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) in clay-rich Vertisols, but how straw inputs affect the accumulation of plant- and microbial-derived C within particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) remains poorly understood. Using a 42-year fertilization experiment with four treatments (Control, NPK, NPK with half-rate wheat straw return [NPKLS], and NPK with full-rate wheat straw return [NPKHS]), we combined physical fractionation with biomarker analyses (lignin phenols and amino sugars) and microbial life-history metrics (bacterial and fungal K/r ratios) to quantify plant- and microbial-derived C in POC and MAOC and to further examine their relationships with life-history strategies. Long-term straw return increased SOC by 34.7%–51.7% relative to the Control, driven by concurrent increases in POC and MAOC. Straw return increased plant-derived C proxies in POC (S-type phenols) and MAOC (S- and V-type phenols). Straw return markedly increased fungal and bacterial necromass C in both fractions, with greater relative increases in POC than in MAOC under NPKHS (p < 0.05). Straw return differentially affected microbial life-history strategies, with the bacterial K/r ratios significantly lower under NPKLS and fungal K/r ratios markedly higher under NPKHS. Structural equation modeling showed that the fungal K/r ratio was positively correlated with the accumulation of plant- and microbial-derived C in POC, whereas the bacterial K/r ratio was negatively correlated with their accumulation in MAOC. Overall, sustained straw return enhanced the accumulation of plant- and microbial-derived C in SOC fractions, mediated by shifts in microbial life-history strategies in Vertisols.

399. 题目: Molecular-level transformation of algal organic matter during water treatment processes by FT-ICR MS integrated with reactomics and interpretable machine learning
文章编号: N26081105
期刊: Water Research
作者: Wenke Li, Qiguang Shan, Qinglong Fu, Jibao Liu, Mahmoud Nasr, Huiyu Dong, Eunsang Kwon, Manabu Fujii
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Algal organic matter (AOM) released during cyanobacterial blooms can significantly challenge drinking-water treatment, including an elevated risk of disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, yet the molecular-scale fate of bloom-derived AOM through treatment remains poorly constrained. Here, we integrated ultrahigh-resolution FT-ICR MS with paired-mass-difference (PMD) reactomics and interpretable machine learning (IML) to resolve (i) bloom-driven molecular transformations, (ii) selective removal by coagulation (COA) and granular activated carbon (GAC), (iii) formula-level chlorination reactivity and DBP formation. Laboratory bloom simulations using Microcystis aeruginosa resulted in the detection of 3373 bloom-derived formulas enriched in nitrogen and reduced character (higher N/C and H/C; lower O/C and aromaticity). Reactomics networks indicated dominant putative transformations involving CHO moieties (e.g., CH2, CO, CH2O) and amine-related changes, with prominent amino-acid-like mass differences. COA (polyferric sulfate) and GAC both substantially reduced bulk dissolved organic carbon (DOC) but generated distinct residual molecular spaces: COA treatment left lower-molecular-weight (MW) and higher-aromatic index (AImod) residues than that of GAC. Supervised ML models identified MW and heteroatom ratios (N/C, S/C, O/C) as key predictors of operationally defined formula-level reactivity following chlorination. Correspondingly, chlorination generated matrix- and treatment-dependent chlorinated organic compounds (COCs), including nitrogen-containing chlorinated features uniquely detected in AOM-containing waters. These findings demonstrate that conventional treatment processes, while effective at reducing bulk organic matter, leave distinct residual precursor pools that can alter COCs formation under bloom conditions. This molecular-level framework provides new insights into precursor-level compositional changes and offers a basis for evaluating DBP formation and precursor control strategies in cyanobacterial bloom-impacted drinking-water system.

400. 题目: Dissolved organic matter molecular composition links water chemistry, microbial functional potential, and nitrous oxide variability in a temperate estuary
文章编号: N26081104
期刊: Water Research
作者: Chenglong Han, Qianqian Li, Xinyi Li, Zixu Wang, Xue Yu, Xueqiang Lu
更新时间: 2026-08-11
摘要: Estuaries receive substantial carbon and nitrogen inputs and are sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O), but salinity-driven conservative mixing can obscure biogeochemical links between DOM molecular composition and estuarine N₂O accumulation. We integrated ultrahigh-resolution DOM molecular characterization, high-throughput sequencing, and functional gene quantification to examine how water chemistry, DOM molecular composition, and microbial functional potential were associated with N₂O dynamics after accounting for conservative mixing in the Luanhe River Estuary, China. Estuarine waters were consistently supersaturated in N₂O and showed positive deviations from conservative mixing (ΔN₂O > 0), indicating non-conservative N₂O accumulation, especially in summer. Estuarine ΔN₂O variability was associated with a coupled physicochemical-DOM-microbial framework rather than with any single factor: the shared effects of water chemistry, DOM molecular composition, and microbial structure and function explained 75.3% of ΔN₂O variance. Specifically, nitrate availability and low-oxygen conditions provided the dominant physicochemical context for elevated ΔN₂O; DOM composition provided molecular information on substrate quality. Net removal of labile, aliphatic, and nitrogen-containing fractions was positively associated with ΔN₂O, whereas recalcitrant fraction accumulation was negatively associated with ΔN₂O, consistent with declining electron-donor favorability along the salinity gradient. Microbial evidence supported denitrification-related functional potential, including nirK/nirS predominance over AOA/AOB amoA, network-identified keystone genera associated with nitrate and dissolved organic carbon, and DOM-microbe associations linking substrate quality shifts to denitrification-associated taxa. Overall, these results highlight DOM molecular composition as an interface linking estuarine nutrient and redox conditions to microbial functional potential and N₂O variability, supporting the incorporation of DOM quality indices into coastal biogeochemical models.