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481. 题目: Soluble Organic Matters Recovery from Municipal Wastewater: Activated Carbon Adsorption and Volatile Fatty Acids Generation via In Situ Alkaline Anaerobic Fermentation
文章编号: N26080407
期刊: ACS ES&T Water
作者: Yanyan Zhang, Hui Gong, Kaijun Wang, Xiaohu Dai
更新时间: 2026-08-04
摘要: Conventional carbon redirection strategies poorly utilize soluble organic matter (SOM). This study proposes an innovative integrated method featuring activated carbon (AC) adsorption, followed by desorption and in situ alkaline anaerobic fermentation, for SOM valorization into volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Among the evaluated materials, 7# AC exhibited the most promising performance due to its unique pore size distribution and balance between adsorption and subsequent processing. In synthetic wastewater trials, alkaline conditions (pH 10.0–12.0) enhanced desorption (15.9–58.1% recovery). Crucially, integrating desorption with in situ fermentation at pH 11.0 propelled the recovery rate to 89.8% (127.3 mg VFA/g chemical oxygen demand [COD]). In real municipal wastewater treatment using 7# AC, a 3 h adsorption period was sufficient to reach equilibrium, achieving a cumulative capacity of 299 mg COD/g over multiple cycles. Subsequent desorption and in situ alkaline fermentation at pH 12 yielded 113.0 mg VFA/g COD. This integrated approach was robustly verified using synthetic and real wastewater, demonstrating stable performance in SOM recovery and VFA generation, which provides a concrete experimental basis for sustainable organic resource recovery from municipal wastewater.

482. 题目: Fe(III)-(II) Mineral Transformation and Associated Organic Matter Stabilization Processes in a Tidal Marsh Soil
文章编号: N26080406
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Jan Jagode, Jannis F Carstens, Hamed Kashi, Dörthe Holthusen, Kevin Tran, Heiner Fleige, Jana Carus, Elmar Fuchs, Franz Renz, Sandra Spielvogel, Georg Guggenberger
更新时间: 2026-08-04
摘要: Iron (Fe) minerals are key agents in organic carbon (OC) stabilization in soils, yet their function under fluctuating redox conditions in tidal marshes remains poorly constrained, particularly for Fe(II) phases. We conducted a six-month in situ incubation of synthetic mineral aggregates along a tidal marsh profile of the Elbe River, Germany, to examine Fe(III)–Fe(II) mineral interactions with OC under dynamic redox conditions. Membrane cylinders containing synthetic ferrihydrite, siderite, or pyrite aggregates with clay and sand were installed at four depths (15–60 cm). A subset received sorbed 13C-labeled reed (Phragmites australis) as dissolved and particulate organic matter to trace OC retention and redistribution. Sequential Fe extraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy showed progressive reduction of ferrihydrite and concurrent formation of siderite in deeper, anoxic layers. Organic matter enhanced Fe(III) reduction and modulated mineral transformation in reducing zones to Fe(II) minerals. In oxic horizons, ferrihydrite stabilized added reed-derived OC through classical surface sorption, while siderite and pyrite retained comparable or higher fractions of mineral-associated OC in deeper, anoxic horizons, primarily within the aggregate, with partial redistribution to surrounding soil. These results demonstrate that Fe(II) minerals non-negligibly contribute to OC stabilization under reducing conditions, a mechanism likely to intensify with ongoing sea-level rise.

483. 题目: Detrital Inputs Regulate Condensed Aromatic Carbon Persistence in Forest Soils
文章编号: N26080405
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Xinyue Shen, Gege Yin, Yi-Wen Cao, Zongxiao Zhang, Huiyuan Lu, Ying-Hui Wang, Richard D Bowden, Isla Wrightson, Myrna J Simpson, Kate Lajtha, Junjian Wang
更新时间: 2026-08-04
摘要: Condensed aromatic carbon (ConAC) is widely recognized as a chemically recalcitrant component of soil organic matter. However, its stock and potential transformation into dissolved condensed aromatic carbon (dConAC) in forest soils may be altered in response to environmental changes that alter forest litter production. Using three decades of detrital input and removal treatments in a temperate forest, we investigated bulk ConAC and dConAC in soil profiles with the benzene polycarboxylic acid method. Doubling litter inputs (Double Litter) did not increase ConAC content or stocks, but instead promoted ConAC oxidation to dConAC in surface soils (0–10 cm), evidenced by the higher benzene hexacarboxylic acid-to-benzene pentacarboxylic acid ratio and increased dConAC proportions in both ConAC and dissolved organic carbon pools. Litter removal (No Litter) and its combination with root exclusion (No Inputs) reduced surface-soil ConAC, consistent with decreased ConAC-carrying aboveground litter inputs; No Inputs lowered ConAC stocks throughout the 0–50 cm profile, likely due to intensified microbial utilization of ConAC under substrate limitation. Overall, forest soil ConAC stocks appear relatively resistant to detrital input changes, but enhanced ConAC-to-dConAC conversion highlights a pathway for increased terrestrial–aquatic ConAC fluxes with implications for ConAC cycling under future climate and land-use change.

484. 题目: Inventory Uncertainty and Transboundary Transport of Biomass-Burning Black Carbon in Southern China: Insights from Combining Radiocarbon Measurements with Modeling
文章编号: N26080404
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Boji Lin, Hongxing Jiang, Jun Li, Tingting Li, Ziyang Zhang, Jiao Tang, Sanyuan Zhu, Zhineng Cheng, Xiaofei Geng, Yangzhi Mo, Jing Li, Haoyu Jiang, Duohong Chen, Gan Zhang
更新时间: 2026-08-04
摘要: Black carbon (BC) from biomass burning (BCbb) constitutes a major fraction of global BC’s climate impact. Yet, the contribution of BCbb to atmospheric BC concentrations estimated by emission inventory-based models remains highly uncertain due to the lack of source-diagnostic observational constraints. Here, we present year-round, 14C-based measurements of BCbb from two regional and one background site in southern China. By comparing these measurements with tailored simulations from an atmospheric transport model, we find that although the model reproduces the seasonal variation reasonably well, simulated BCbb remains subject to considerable uncertainty (NMB: −68% to +28%). Unmonitored biomass burning (BB) in mainland China can result in a substantial model–observation discrepancy. Our results reveal that residential BB across East Asia is the main contributor to BCbb in southern China. Transport of BCbb from Southeast Asia is also important in summer. Notably, transboundary BB pollution from Southeast Asia, facilitated by free-tropospheric transport, cannot be ignored even in winter, when continental air masses prevail. Our findings highlight that the transboundary contribution of BCbb may exceed prior estimates. These results underscore the need to update emission inventories by incorporating overlooked BB sources.

485. 题目: Interaction of Soil pH and Mineralogy Controls Soil Organic Matter Persistence through Changes in the Composition and Amount of Microbial Necromass
文章编号: N26080403
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Yuan Liu, Violeta Matus-Acuña, Lisa K Tiemann
更新时间: 2026-08-04
摘要: Microbial necromass–mineral associations are key to long-term soil organic matter (SOM) persistence. However, how soil pH and mineralogy interact to regulate SOM stability remains poorly understood. Here, we used artificial soils to test how three clay minerals (bentonite, kaolinite, and goethite), adjusted to four pH levels (5–8), affect microbial activity (respiration), microbial physiology (carbon use efficiency, CUE), microbial-derived residue material (necromass), and the formation and stability of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). Artificial soils were inoculated with a rhizosphere-derived microbial community cultured under the same pH conditions and on two representative simulated exudate types (organic acids and carbohydrates) and incubated for 6 weeks. In two complementary experiments, we added necromass from known microbial taxa to the same minerals across pH levels to isolate the role of necromass chemistry and loading. We found that soil pH shaped MAOM chemistry by altering microbial activity and necromass composition. In interaction with mineral type, pH also controlled MAOM thermal stability. Higher necromass loading weakened mineral-organic bonding, reducing MAOM stability, consistent with zonal mineral–organic interaction models. Our results demonstrate that microbial activity, rather than carbon use efficiency, better predicts MAOM formation and that pH-dependent necromass composition and loading govern MAOM persistence. These findings advance mechanistic understanding of SOM stabilization and have implications for predicting soil carbon dynamics under shifting environmental conditions.

486. 题目: Iron (Hydr)oxides Suppress Dissolved Organic Sulfur Synthesis in Acid Mine Drainage Environments by Inhibiting Organic Carbon Degradation and Assimilatory Sulfate Reduction
文章编号: N26080402
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Haoqun Sha, Yan Ma, Jiu Huang, Yue Sun, Xiaosong He, Xiaofei Wang, Beidou Xi
更新时间: 2026-08-04
摘要: Dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) in acid mine drainage (AMD) has attracted widespread attention due to its potential metal-complexation capacity. Given the little knowledge about DOS in AMD environments, this study employs high-resolution mass spectrometry and metagenomics to investigate its occurrence, synthesis pathways, and influencing factors. The results indicate that DOS exists at a mass spectrometry intensity-weighted relative abundance of 15.8–36.0% in AMD environments, mainly in CHOS and CHONS forms, with both levels higher than those found in soil, marine, and groundwater environments. DOS is dominated by highly unsaturated compounds, with highly oxygenated and unsaturated DOS being more stable and exhibiting greater mobility. Assimilatory sulfate reduction is the primary pathway for DOS synthesis, exhibiting gene abundance 4.5 times higher than dissimilatory sulfate reduction. Iron (hydr)oxides reduce the DOS content in AMD environments by adsorbing and immobilizing highly unsaturated compounds in sediments and inhibiting assimilatory sulfate reduction and organic carbon degradation involved in DOS synthesis. Overall, this study clarifies the molecular occurrence and fate of DOS and reveals a microbial–mineral synergistic regulation mechanism, providing a fundamental basis for understanding its molecular characteristics and potential metal-complexation relevance in AMD systems.

487. 题目: Valorization of organic solid waste through HTC-AD coupling: revisiting the applicability of hydrochar in AD
文章编号: N26080401
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Huihui Chen, Jiang Shao, Jie Wu, Zhijian Shi, Yun Bai, Xinyu Xie, Xiaolei Zhang, Qiang Liu
更新时间: 2026-08-04
摘要: Hydrochar is considered as a promising carbon material for enhancing anaerobic digestion (AD). However, inconsistent results reported in previous studies have limited its practical application. This study aimed to provide insights into these inconsistencies by elucidating the role of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from raw hydrochar. Results demonstrate that DOM is a decisive factor governing hydrochar performance in AD, and its characteristics vary markedly with biomass feedstock. The inhibitory effect of cornstalk hydrochar (CSH) on AD was primarily attributed to complex DOM components, especially phenols components. Removal DOM effectively alleviated inhibition, as evidenced by a 15.6% increase in the methane production rate (Rm) and a significant shortening of the lag-phase (λ) from 12.1 to 8.0 days during the AD of hydrothermal wastewater (HTWW) with CSH. Solvent washing to remove DOM altered hydrochar properties by increasing specific surface area and exposing additional oxygen-containing functional groups (OCFGs), further enhancing methane production kinetics. Microbial community analysis further indicated that phenols increased the relative abundance of acid-producing Trichococcus while decreasing methanogenic Methanosaeta and electrochemically-active bacteria (Mesotoga and Anaerolinea), thereby hindering the degradation of VFAs. In contrast, biogas residue hydrochar (BRH) had no adverse effect on AD, but it failed to significantly enhance AD performance, especially for refractory HTWW, likely due to its high ash content. Based on the two feedstocks examined in this study, the results suggest that the beneficial effects of hydrochar on AD are conditional and leachable DOM plays a critical role which has not been fully recognized in previous studies.

488. 题目: Long‐Term Consequences of Crop Residue Retention: Impact of Higher Soil Organic Carbon on N 2 O Emissions
文章编号: N26073114
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Ulises Ramon Esparza‐Robles, Barbara Kitzler, Heide Spiegel, Taru Sandén, Eugenio Díaz‐Pinés
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Long‐term management of crop residues strongly influences soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics, what may also influence nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions, two key components determining the impact of agricultural systems on climate change. We investigated N 2 O fluxes in a long‐term experiment after four decades of continuous residue retention or residue export. Gas flux measurements were collected over 28 months, encompassing both crop‐growing and bare‐soil periods. Cumulative N 2 O emissions between crop residue management strategies were compared against long‐term SOC stock differences. Soil microbial biomass and extractable C and N were also investigated. Residue retention showed lower total N 2 O fluxes and higher SOC stocks and microbial biomass in the top 25 cm of soil. Our results suggest that an increased microbial immobilization of N and enhanced microbial processing of soil organic matter accumulated over the years reduced the availability of C and N for denitrification. This was supported by the enhanced levels of microbial biomass and slightly higher porosity under crop residue retention, being the main link to the lower N 2 O emissions, despite higher SOC. When expressed in CO 2 equivalents, the yearly difference in N 2 O emissions between the residue treatments accounts for only 1.8% (≈373 kg CO 2 ‐eq ha −1 a −1 ) of the long‐term climate mitigation benefit from higher SOC stocks (≈21 Mg CO 2 ‐eq ha −1 ) after 40 years of continuous management. Our findings indicate that long‐term residue retention in this site contributes to climate change mitigation by synergically increasing long‐term SOC storage and reducing N 2 O emissions. In this sense, managing and monitoring both SOC and N 2 O emissions are a crucial basis for continuous climate change mitigation in croplands. Further mitigation studies looking for this aim should also evaluate additional strategies for more ambitious management of N input, especially when increases in SOC may diminish after approaching a new steady state.

489. 题目: Rapid microbial production of long-lived dissolved organic carbon in the global ocean
文章编号: N26073113
期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
作者: Ruanhong Cai, Oliver J Lechtenfeld, Andrew J Tanentzap, Julian P Sachs, Shuh‐Ji Kao, Helena Osterholz, Zhenwei Yan, Chen Zhao, Yuanbi Yi, Penghui Li, Chuanlun Zhang, Nianzhi Jiao, Boris P Koch, Gerhard J Herndl, Ding He
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Marine microbes have long been regarded as central to replenishing the ocean’s reservoir of recalcitrant dissolved organic matter (RDOM). However, molecular-level evidence for their role remains inconclusive because RDOM persists for years to millennia, far exceeding timescales accessible to laboratory experiments, and because conventional analytical approaches lack the resolution to discern structural isomers of RDOM that confer functionally important differences in persistence. Using polarity-based liquid chromatography coupled to ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry capable of discriminating RDOM isomer clusters, we reveal that marine microbial consortia rapidly (≤ 90 d) convert diverse organic substrates into RDOM with extensive structural isomerism that closely mirrors natural seawater RDOM. A subset of these microbially derived RDOM compounds exhibits near-ubiquitous occurrence (> 99%) in a global dataset and accumulates progressively in the ocean’s interior. Together, our findings substantiate the direct microbial contribution to the long-lived oceanic carbon reservoir through the rapid diversification of RDOM isomers, a mechanism that contributes to sustaining the complexity and long-term persistence of the planetary-scale carbon reservoir.

490. 题目: Freeze‐thaw Cycles Effects on Straw‐induced Soil Organic Carbon Priming in a Mollisol are Mediated by Soil Moisture and Fertilization History
文章编号: N26073112
期刊: European Journal of Soil Science
作者: Minghui Liu, Peng He, Yue‐Yu Sui, Lu‐Jun Li
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Soil freeze–thaw cycles in high‐latitude and high‐altitude agroecosystems significantly perturb soil carbon (C) cycling processes. Straw return during post‐harvest periods exposes soils to freeze–thaw cycles, which may amplify native soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization through priming effects. While agricultural management practices—particularly soil moisture regulation and fertilizer regimes—modulate these responses by altering microbial C metabolism and resource stoichiometry, the mechanistic interactions remain poorly quantified. Through controlled incubation experiments simulating freeze–thaw scenarios (5 cycles of −5°C/5°C), we systematically evaluated total CO 2 emission partitioning (straw‐ vs. SOC‐derived), SOC priming, and microbial C use efficiency (CUE) under two moisture regimes (60% vs. 80% water‐holding capacity) and fertilization histories (24‐year mineral fertilizer vs. mineral fertilizer + straw). The results showed that freeze–thaw cycles significantly increased the total, straw‐derived, and SOC‐derived CO 2 emissions and PE. Microbial CUE showed contrasting responses to freeze–thaw under different moisture conditions. Mechanistically, PE magnitude exhibited divergent controls: a strong negative correlation with microbial CUE, while a positive correlation with the ratio of C to N cycle‐related enzyme activities. Furthermore, soil microbial CUE reduction after freeze–thaw cycles was tightly coupled with resource‐microbial C:N imbalance. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the freeze–thaw cycles after straw return drive soil C loss by increasing native SOC mineralization and suppressing microbial C assimilation. Crucially, soil moisture regulation and fertilizer management modulated these effects by restructuring microbial physiological constraints and enzyme‐mediated stoichiometric flexibility.

491. 题目: Enhancing Molecular Change: Iron-Mediated Photochemistry Increases DOM Transformation in Tropical Peatland Canals
文章编号: N26073111
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Lucia Cancelada, Jennifer C Bowen, Gusti Z Anshari, Irina Koester, Pieter C Dorrestein, Alison M Hoyt, Lihini I Aluwihare
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Drainage and deforestation of tropical peatlands release large amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron (Fe) in sunlit drainage canals. Rapid sunlight-driven photochemical degradation of this DOM has been shown to reintroduce millennia-old peat carbon into the active carbon cycle through greenhouse gas production. However, the impact of photochemistry on the downstream fate of DOM in drainage canals remains unknown because DOM transformation during tropical peat photodegradation has never been measured. We investigated the potential of Fe to impact the quality of photodegradation products (photoproducts) formed during sunlight exposure of DOM from unshaded tropical peatland canals in Indonesia. After exposure of canal waters to sunlight in controlled experiments, DOM was isolated by solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to identify photoproduced formulas and their chemical classes. Over 2400 formulas and 380 molecular structure candidates were found using this approach, including shikimates/phenylpropanoids and terpenoid-like compounds. We found that canal waters with high dissolved Fe concentrations had the highest chemical diversity of photoproducts, even compared to canal waters exposed to larger doses of light. Our results highlight the importance of Fe and related photo-Fenton reactions in impacting the nature of photoproducts, with potential consequences for downstream DOM lability and mineralization in tropical peatland canals.

492. 题目: Effect of Humic Acid Complexation and Iron(II) Reduction on the Fate of Neptunium in Anaerobic Aqueous Environments
文章编号: N26073110
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Yuxiao Guo, Zhijin Zhao, Bin Li, Huaixin Hao, Zhipeng Wang, Chao Xu
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Neptunium (Np) is a long-lived, highly radiotoxic transuranic element of critical concern in the nuclear fuel cycle and the final geological disposal of radioactive waste. Owing to the redox sensitivity of Np and its tendency to complex with natural organic matter, the environmental mobility of Np can be significantly affected by a wide variety of geochemical processes. In this study, we investigated the interactions among Np(V), humic acid (HA), and Fe(II) under anaerobic aqueous conditions. Techniques including solvent extraction, ultrafiltration, dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy were employed to quantitatively characterize the impacts of HA and Fe(II) on the oxidation-state distribution and aqueous speciation of Np. The results demonstrate that HA can effectively complex Np(V) and subsequently reduce Np(V) to Np(IV) to a limited extent. The presence of Fe(II) significantly alters the reaction pathway, markedly promoting the reduction of Np(V) and the formation of colloidal species that enhance Np retention in the natural environment. This work provides the first mechanistic insight into Np redox transformation and speciation evolution in the Np-HA-Fe ternary system, highlighting the synergistic role of Fe(II) and HA in governing the environmental fate of Np. These findings offer critical scientific support for the accurate prediction of Np mobility in groundwater and the reliable long-term safety assessment of geological repositories.

493. 题目: Geogenic Phosphorus Enrichment Patterns in Alluvial-Lacustrine versus Alluvial Aquifers: Roles of Organic Matter Supply and Degradation Pathways
文章编号: N26073109
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology
作者: Cong Wang, Yao Du, Jin Wang, Wenhui Liu, Lijie Lin, Mengze Li, Yanxin Wang
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Geogenic phosphorus (P) is widely documented in aquifers worldwide, and its content varies substantially across geologic environments. However, comparative investigations elucidating the mechanisms underlying disparities in geogenic P enrichment among basins with contrasting geologic settings are limited. In this study, two representative aquifer systems with contrasting P levels were investigated, including an alluvial-lacustrine aquifer in the middle Yangtze River (MYZ) and an alluvial aquifer in the middle-lower Yellow River (MYR). We observed that dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) dominated the P pool in both regions and was primarily derived from organic matter (OM) mineralization, whereas markedly higher P concentrations occurred in MYZ. In MYZ, abundant OM underwent advanced methanogenic mineralization governed by thermodynamic constraints, with DIP production driven by the transformation of recalcitrant CHO+2P into labile CHO+1P. In contrast, OM mineralization in MYR remained at an initial fermentation stage under kinetic constraints, and DIP formation was mainly associated with the dephosphorylation of labile CHO+1P. Overall, OM supply, mineralization stage, and degradation pathway jointly regulated the magnitude of geogenic P enrichment across aquifer systems under different geologic settings. These findings can improve the mechanistic understanding of geogenic P production and provide a theoretical basis for managing geogenic P in groundwater.

494. 题目: Enhanced Rock Weathering Affects Formation of Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon in Soil
文章编号: N26073108
期刊: Environmental Science & Technology Letters
作者: Kaiyu Lei, Pedro P C Teixeira, Christopher Just, Franz Buegger, Ingrid Kögel-Knabner, Franziska B Bucka
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Enhanced silicate rock weathering (ERW) is increasingly considered for climate mitigation through inorganic carbon (IC) formation, yet its effects on soil organic carbon (OC) turnover remain poorly constrained and mechanistically unresolved. We investigated how the basalt weathering state influences mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) in a 6 month microcosm incubation of a slightly acidic Cambisol. Fresh basalt (olivine-rich) and naturally weathered basalt (olivine-depleted and phyllosilicate-enriched) were applied, and 13C-labeled straw was used to trace the incorporation of plant-derived C into MAOM. Fresh basalt caused more native MAOM-C loss (∼13%) by 0.86 ± 0.29 mg of C (g of soil)−1, likely driven by pH, whereas weathered basalt caused minimal pH change and marginal native MAOM-C loss (∼0%) compared to the control. In 13C-labeled straw-amended soils, weathered basalt, characterized by a larger specific surface area and limited pH alteration, increased straw-derived new MAOM-C formation by 20% and 8.5% compared to fresh basalt and the control, respectively. These microcosm incubation results suggest that basalt weathering within 6 months of application may strongly modulate native MAOM-C loss and new MAOM-C formation. Our findings indicate that ERW can influence soil MAOM-C beyond IC sequestration, which implies the need to include MAOM-C responses in ERW carbon accounting to improve its climate mitigation potential assessments.

495. 题目: Olive pomace-derived biochar mitigates gaseous emissions and enhances compost quality during thermophilic phase of composting
文章编号: N26073107
期刊: Frontiers in Environmental Science
作者: Ibrahim A Abdelfadeel, Khaled D Alotaibi, Fahad N Alkoiak
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Introduction The application of biochar (BC) has gained increasing attention as an effective strategy for reducing gaseous emissions and improving compost quality. This study evaluated the effects of olive pomace (OP)-derived BC produced at two pyrolysis temperatures (300 °C and 600 °C) and applied at two rates (5% and 10%) on gaseous emissions and compost physicochemical properties during the thermophilic phase of OP composting. Methods Five treatments were evaluated, including a control without BC and four BC-amended treatments, each conducted in triplicate using three pilot-scale bioreactors operated sequentially under identical conditions. Emissions of ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) were continuously monitored over the 9-day thermophilic phase. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA to assess the effects of treatment, sampling day, and their interaction, followed by the LSD test at P ≤ 0.05. Results BC addition significantly reduced cumulative NH 3 , N 2 O, CH 4 , and CO 2 emissions by 56-78%, 62-93%, 43-55%, and 79-85%, respectively, compared with the control. The greatest mitigation was achieved with BC produced at 600 °C and applied at 10%. These reductions were associated with improved aeration and enhanced retention of nitrogen and labile carbon. BC also improved compost quality by increasing total nitrogen (up to 1.41%), phosphorus, potassium, and micronutrient contents, while decreasing ammonium concentration, electrical conductivity, bulk density, and the C ratio (18.2), indicating enhanced compost maturity. Discussion OP-derived BC, particularly when produced at 600 °C and applied at 10%, effectively mitigated greenhouse gas and NH 3 while improving compost physicochemical properties and maturity during the thermophilic phase. These findings support the use of BC as a sustainable amendment for enhancing compost quality and reducing the environmental impacts of organic waste management.

496. 题目: Mechanistic insights into carbendazim adsorption on plant-derived biochar: Experimental kinetics, DFT simulations, and the impact of magnetization
文章编号: N26073106
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Arvind Kumar, Sujan Majumder, Manoj Dhouni, Kirti Singh, Rajesh Puri Goswami, Sidharth Kumar Singh, Arvind Nath Singh, Rajesh Kumar
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: The environmental hazards triggered by the persistent nature and high leaching potential of carbendazim (CBZ) in agroecosystems demand efficient immobilization techniques. This study presents a sustainable waste-to-resource strategy by converting the noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus into raw biochar (PB) and magnetic biochar (PM) for trapping CBZ within sandy loam soil matrices. Batch adsorption conditions were optimized at a neutral pH, a fixed contact time of 24 h, and varying initial pesticide concentrations to systematically map equilibrium boundaries. The immobilization pathways on both materials conform to pseudo-first-order kinetics. PB displayed superior performance, securing an 85.15% CBZ elimination efficiency alongside a maximum Langmuir uptake capacity (Qmax) of 19.315 mg g−1. In contrast, the iron oxide modification in PM induced a slight decline in primary performance, yielding a 73.50% removal efficiency and a lower capacity (Qmax = 15.590 mg g−1), which is ascribed to structural masking during magnetization. Notable adsorption-desorption hysteresis loops validated the tight binding of CBZ, minimizing its post-application mobility. Spontaneous and exothermic thermodynamic profiles were confirmed alongside comprehensive microstructural assessments. Surface characterization revealed well-developed mesoporous architectures (with a distinct reduction in available specific surface area post-magnetization), crystalline iron oxide phases verified via XRD, and significant zeta potential alterations shifting from −28 mV PB to −13 mV PM which confirm surface charge modification. Complementing the experimental data, density functional theory (DFT) simulations disclosed an exothermic, non-covalent adsorption mechanism (Eads = −44 kJ/mol) regulated by donor-acceptor electronic interactions between CBZ and the carbonaceous host. Consequently, this work establishes Parthenium-derived adsorbents as economically viable and ecologically sound amendments for managing pesticide pollution.

497. 题目: Carbon stocks in riparian forests in the Amazonia-Cerrado transition over 15 years: Effects of restoration methods and edaphoclimatic factors.
文章编号: N26073105
期刊: Journal of Environmental Management
作者: Silvia Barbosa Rodrigues, Marina Guimarães Freitas, Lorrayne Aparecida Gonçalves, Tamilis Rocha, Lara Aranha da Costa, Eduardo Malta Campos-Filho, Icaro Abreu Sousa, Raphael Matias, Pedro Pereira Santos, Daniel Luis Mascia Vieira
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Ecological restoration is critical to counteract land degradation and mitigate climate change. Tropical forest restoration offers major carbon sequestration potential due to rapid biomass accumulation and high storage capacity. However, the long-term carbon sequestration efficacy of different methods remains poorly understood in large-scale restoration projects. We investigated the recovery of aboveground biomass (AGB) and soil organic carbon (SOC) over a 15-year chronosequence in the Amazonia-Cerrado transition, comparing direct seeding techniques (broadcast, holes and rows) against seedling planting and natural regeneration. Using linear mixed-effects models, we assessed how restoration age and edaphoclimatic variables influenced these carbon pools. Our results show that AGB accumulation was primarily driven by the restoration age and soil fertility, with row-seeding significantly outperforming other seeding techniques and seedling plantations. This success was linked to the mechanical precision of row-seeding, which favored longer-lived pioneer species with specific seed traits. In contrast, SOC stocks remained stable across the chronosequence and were controlled by edaphoclimatic factors rather than restoration methods, underscoring the decoupling of aboveground biomass accumulation from belowground carbon dynamics. We conclude that direct seeding is a highly cost-effective method for carbon-focused restoration, but the specific technique and soil fertility significantly influenced the outcome. To maximize sequestration at scale, future efforts should prioritize soil amelioration, seeding precision, and species selection.

498. 题目: Synergistic enhancement of Fenton-like catalytic performance via defect-engineered in MOF-on-MOF/biochar structures
文章编号: N26073104
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Yizhou Feng, Ting Wu, Qiyu Shi, Fangshu Xie, Zhihua Li, Weihuang Zhu
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been identified as promising candidate materials for Fenton-like reactions. Nevertheless, the powder-like nature of pristine MOFs leads to poor recyclability, and their derived catalysts often suffer from severe aggregation, both of which hinder practical application and efficiency enhancement. In this work, we developed a MOF-on-MOF approach integrated with biochar-mediated structural tuning to fabricate a composite MOF architecture. This design enables the rational integration of distinct MOF components into a robust and cooperative framework. The resulting catalyst effectively mitigates both the high dispersibility of pristine MOFs and the aggregation issues commonly observed in MOF-derived materials. Furthermore, the biochar framework suppresses the aggregation of derivatives and induces the amorphization of the MOF structure, facilitating a unique structural arrangement that promotes oxygen vacancy (Ov) generation through kinetic control. Experimental findings revealed that the MOF-on-MOF configuration markedly enhanced catalytic activity and pollutant degradation performance during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The resulting Co@(KB/Cu)-300 catalyst was found to possess enhanced catalytic activity and stability for PMS activation, achieving 99.3% tetracycline (TC) degradation within 10 min, a PMS utilization efficiency of 96.5% in 30 min, and a total organic carbon (TOC) mineralization rate of 60.1% after 300 min. Quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses indicated that multiple reactive species SO4•-, O2•-, 1O2 and OH• contributed significantly to pollutant degradation. Overall, this MOF-on-MOF strategy effectively addresses the structural limitations of traditional MOFs while the strategic use of biochar facilitates Ov formation, substantially boosting PMS activation performance.

499. 题目: Global Black Carbon Aerosol: Spatiotemporal Distributions, Drivers, and Health Impacts
文章编号: N26073103
期刊: Journal of Hazardous Materials
作者: Hao Yu, Xinyu He, Menglin Liu, Guangxuan Yan, Dan Yao, Pengtuan Hu, Xue Li, Yanze Jia, Shimin Zhong, Zhiguo Cao, Jingshen Zhang, Xiaoli Zhao, Fengchang Wu
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Black carbon (BC) is a key short-lived climate pollutant and a toxic component of PM2.5. This review synthesizes global BC studies published since 2000 and evaluates its spatiotemporal distribution, source contributions, meteorological drivers, and health risks. The compiled evidence shows high concentrations are mainly found in South Asia and Africa, while low concentrations occur in Europe and North America. South American records were limited in the screened literature, and the apparent lower concentrations in this region may partly reflect sparse monitoring coverage rather than a regionwide low concentration pattern. Source evidence indicates that fossil fuel combustion is often important in urban and industrial regions, whereas biomass burning, residential solid fuel use, open waste burning, wildfire emissions, and agricultural burning can contribute substantially in fire affected and data sparse regions. Meteorological factors, including wind speed, boundary layer dynamics, and precipitation play a crucial regulatory role in the accumulation and removal of BC, driving its seasonal variations. The passive smoking equivalent results indicated that the mean decline in lung function associated with BC in children is approximately three times higher than that associated with low birth weight and cardiovascular mortality equivalents. The human health risk assessment results suggested that the lifetime carcinogenic risk of inhaling BC for adults was approximately 2.2 times that of children and was highest in rapidly industrialized areas and transportation hotspots. We further identified dermal exposure as a neglected pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for future global BC pollution control and public health protection.

500. 题目: The persistence of mineral-associated organic matter varies with time and litter quality
文章编号: N26073102
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Preeti Singh, Saliha Irshad, Ondřej Mudrák, Gerrit Angst, Martin Bartuška, Jan Frouz
更新时间: 2026-07-31
摘要: Soil organic matter is often divided into particulate organic matter (POM), which is assumed to turn over fast, and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), which is assumed to persist in soil for extended periods. However, recent studies indicate quick turnover of part of MAOM. While it is well established that litter quality and soil history affect POM and MAOM formation, little is known about how these factors govern the decomposability of POM and MAOM. To address this gap, we investigated the turnover of MAOM relative to that of POM in soils of various ages supplied with litter of varying quality.