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21. 题目: Synergistic regulation mechanism of biochar coupled with ferrous sulfate on ARG reduction and nitrogen metabolism during storage and fermentation of pig manure slurry
文章编号: N26100606
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Yuang Cao, Zhuowu Li, Xiaoyu Xu, Cheryl Marie Cordeiro, Jiahua Liu, Keqiang Zhang, Lianzhu Du, Suli Zhi
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and poultry wastewater poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and public health. This study compared the effects of biochar (BC), ferrous sulfate (FS), ferrous sulfate-modified biochar (FC), a physical mixture of ferrous sulfate and biochar (F_C), and sulfuric acid (HS) on ARG dynamics and nitrogen metabolism during the 60-day storage and fermentation of pig manure slurry. The results showed that single treatments (BC or FS) had limited ARG-removal efficiency. Compared with the control, the F_C treatment maintained higher total nitrogen (TN) levels (up to 2.42 mg/g in F_C3) while contributing to ARG reduction; however, its ARG-removal performance was not consistently superior to that of all other treatments. Although HS inhibited some ARGs, strong acidification altered the microbial community structure and may have disrupted ecological stability. Metagenomic analysis revealed that multidrug, peptide, and glycopeptide ARGs were dominant (approximately 80%) and were significantly positively correlated with key nitrogen-metabolism genes (e.g., nxrAB and nasAB, p < 0.01), suggesting a link between nitrogen cycling and ARG dissemination. Overall, the physical mixing of biochar and ferrous sulfate shows potential as a practical strategy for jointly regulating ARG dynamics and nitrogen transformation during pig manure slurry storage and fermentation, but further optimisation and validation are needed before field-scale application.

22. 题目: Thermochemical regeneration of iron-based materials using syngas derived from carbon dioxide gasification of digested sludge biochar
文章编号: N26100605
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Gyeongsoo Kim, Rui Zhang, Hiroki Harada, Masaki Takaoka, Kazuyuki Oshita
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Conventional regeneration of iron-based materials heavily relies on fossil-derived reducing gases, necessitating sustainable thermochemical alternatives. This study investigates a CO2-assisted thermochemical regeneration strategy that integrates CO2 gasification with iron redox cycling, simultaneously enabling sludge valorization. Commercial activated carbon and digested sludge biochar were evaluated under CO2/steam atmospheres to characterize syngas generation as a function of the steam-to-CO2 ratio and the gas flow rate. The generated CO-rich syngas was utilized for the thermochemical reduction of oxidized iron species (Fe2O3 and oxidized zero-valent iron, ZVI), followed by functionality assessment via H2 production performance. Both carbon sources drove a stepwise reduction pathway (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe), and biochar-derived syngas promoted more rapid progression toward metallic Fe under the specific conditions of the in-situ XRD experiment. Extensive Fe2O3 reduction toward metallic Fe was achieved under specific conditions, producing submicron metallic Fe particles that exhibited higher cumulative H2 production than did virgin ZVI (<150 μm). Pre-oxidized ZVI samples were also functionally restored; both the FeCO3 formed via reactions of ZVI with H2O and CO2 and that generated in the presence of sludge residues exhibited viable H2 production capacities after regeneration. These results indicate that effective utilization of CO2-derived syngas for iron-material regeneration provides a potential pathway for sludge-derived carbon valorization and integrated resource recovery.

23. 题目: Organic phosphorus activation by functional bacterial consortium promotes lead immobilization in contaminated soil
文章编号: N26100604
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Xuan Tang, Yuhao Guo, Yueyi Liu, Zhenchao Wu, Hao Zhang, Shuo Li, Ying Yang, Weige Yao, Baiyan Cai, Jingping Ge
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Microbial remediation of lead (Pb)-contaminated soil through phosphate-mediated stabilization is often hindered by limited microbial stress tolerance and phosphorus availability. To address these limitations, directional enrichment, microcosm experiments, high-throughput sequencing, and functional gene microarray analysis were combined to develop a composite functional consortium with Pb tolerance and phosphate-solubilizing capacity. The results revealed that the co-enrichment strategy produced a composite functional consortium with strong Pb resistance and high capacities for inorganic phosphorus solubilization and organic phosphorus mineralization. After inoculation, soil acid phosphatase and phytase activities significantly increased, thereby promoting organic phosphorus activation and Pb immobilization. Moreover, Pb leachability, mobility, and bioaccessibility decreased by 50%, 67%, and 55%, respectively, relative to their corresponding initial values on day 0. Functional gene microarray analysis revealed a significant decrease in pbrT abundance and enrichment of genes associated with the czc efflux system, cadA, and mobile genetic elements. This pattern suggests a potential shift in microbial Pb resistance strategies from intracellular uptake to extracellular efflux. Partial least squares path modeling further revealed distinct but complementary association patterns among microbial guilds. Specifically, passivators were mainly associated with phosphorus-mediated Pb stabilization, while tolerators were more closely linked to Pb-stress adaptation and extracellular polymeric substance-mediated Pb binding. These findings provide a theoretical basis for microbiome-based remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils using native organic phosphorus pools.

24. 题目: In-situ polypyrrole-coated sludge biochar enhances π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions for pollutants removal and competitive adsorption mechanisms analysis
文章编号: N26100603
期刊: Separation and Purification Technology
作者: Zhifu Tian, Huilin Wan, Xuezhuang Liu, Yi Fan, Bibek Bamanu, Haijiao Xie, Yingxin Zhao
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: The development of cost-effective and high-performance adsorbents for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from water remains a critical challenge. In this study, a polypyrrole-functionalized sludge biochar (PSBC-0.5) was synthesized through in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization and evaluated for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) adsorption and the competitive adsorption of SMX and diclofenac (DCF). Physicochemical characterization demonstrated that polypyrrole modification introduced abundant N-containing functional groups and increased the overall conjugated and ordered structure of the composite, providing π-electron-active sites for enhancing its π-π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions with pollutants. Compared with unmodified SBC, PSBC-0.5 achieved an approximately doubled pseudo-second-order rate constant (k2 = 0.083 vs. 0.044 g·mg−1·min−1), demonstrating notably improved adsorption kinetics. Mechanistic investigations indicated that π-π EDA interaction was the potentially critical enhancement mechanism, supplemented by electrostatic interactions, micropore filling, and hydrogen bonding. In the binary system, DCF was preferentially associated with higher apparent-energy domains (>19.21 kJ/mol), whereas SMX was predominantly distributed in relatively lower-energy domains (<18.27 kJ/mol). Co-adsorption density functional theory calculations further indicated moderate competitive and non-additive interactions, demonstrating that SMX and DCF compete for shared favorable sites while retaining distinct preferential site distributions. These findings provide a sustainable strategy for sludge valorization and molecular-level insight into the competitive adsorption of coexisting aromatic PPCPs on heterogeneous carbonaceous adsorbents.

25. 题目: Chlorination amplifies source-dependent photochemical divergence between microplastic-derived and fulvic-acid dissolved organic matter
文章编号: N26100602
期刊: Water Research
作者: Zixuan Zhang, Yuxin Wang, Shichen Wei, Zhengyang Shang, Peng Liu, Hanzhong Jia
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Chlorination is widely applied before the discharge of wastewater effluent into receiving waters, yet the distinct response of artificial and non-plastic dissolved organic matter (DOM) to chlorination remains unclear. Here, fulvic-acid (FA), expanded polystyrene-derived DOM (EPS-DOM) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-derived DOM (PBAT-DOM) were compared to determine how chlorination-induced optical and molecular transformations regulate sulfamethazine (SMT) photodegradation. Chlorination caused pronounced source-dependent DOM restructuring. The E2/E3 ratio increased from 4.60 to 42.92 for EPS-DOM and from 3.09 to 41.50 for PBAT-DOM, but fluorescence intensities decreased by 81.0% and 97.2%, respectively. By comparison, FA showed positive responses after chlorination. FT-ICR-MS identified PBAT-DOM as the most extensively altered molecular structures. Additionally, chlorination increased the SMT photodegradation rate (kobs) from 0.0079 to 0.0111 h-1 for EPS-DOM and from 0.0073 to 0.0085 h-1 for PBAT-DOM; however, chlorinated PBAT-DOM displayed decreased kobs from 0.0089 to 0.0079 h-1 in river water, indicating greater matrix sensitivity. Mechanism analysis shows that chlorination affected the contributions of 3DOM*, 1O2, •OH, and O2•−, reduced electron-donating capacity, and altered the light-shielding effects of DOM, particularly MP-DOM. Overall, chlorination amplifies the photochemical divergence between MP-DOM and FA, making MP-DOM a more sensitive regulator of contaminant phototransformation in receiving water.

26. 题目: Long-term (2008-2024) analysis of black carbon aerosols over a semi-arid rain-shadow region in southern peninsular India: trends, wavelet analysis, machine learning approaches and source regions
文章编号: N26100601
期刊: Atmospheric Environment
作者: Raja Obul Reddy Kalluri, Balakrishnaiah Gugamsetty, Usha Kajjer Virupakshappa, Rama Gopal Kotalo, Siva Sankara Reddy Lingala, Mamatha Chutta
更新时间: 2026-10-06
摘要: Black carbon (BC) is a light-absorbing atmospheric aerosol with important implications for climate forcing and human health. Long-term (17-year; 2008–2024) in situ observations of surface BC mass concentrations at Anantapur, a representative semi-arid station in southern peninsular India, were analyzed to investigate their seasonal variability and identify potential source regions. In addition, six machine-learning (ML) models were employed to predict BC concentrations using meteorological parameters, boundary layer height (BLH), and BC data from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2), over the study period. BC exhibited pronounced seasonality, with high concentrations during winter (2.85 ± 0.93 μg/m3), followed by summer (2.28 ± 0.57 μg/m3), post-monsoon (1.78 ± 0.49 μg/m3) and monsoon (0.97 ± 0.32 μg/m3). The inter-annual variability of BC showed a significant decreasing trend (−0.089 μg/m3 yr−1, p < 0.001), with strongest in winter (−0.155 μg/m3 yr−1, p < 0.001) and weakest during the monsoon season (−0.055 μg/m3 yr−1, p < 0.01).

27. 题目: Neglected readsorption and redistribution of heavy metals during the BCR sequential extraction procedure − form swine manure to biochar
文章编号: N26100516
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Yonggang Xu, Jinling Jiang, Huiling Wu, Huijie Lv, Xiaowei Yuan, Tianxia Bai, Dong Dan, Tingwu Liu
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: The BCR®sequential extraction process (SEP) is widely applied to assess the heavy metals (HMs) fractions, i.e. F1 (exchangeable/acid‑soluble), F2 (reducible), F3 (oxidizable) and F4 (residual), in diverse biomass and their biochars. However, no study has systematically investigated how readsorption and redistribution during BCR®SEP affect the interpretation of HMs speciation evolution from biomass to biochar. In this study, the standard addition method, which was performed by spiking samples with no greater than 100% of the natural HMs content in each step of BCR®SEP, was applied to quantify readsorption and redistribution artifacts during BCR®SEP for swine manure (SM) and biochars produced at 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. Results revealed that copper (Cu) was predominantly readsorbed during F1(59.91–97.78%) and F2 (54.09–80.78%) steps; zinc (Zn) was primarily readsorbed during F1 (64.85–87.90%) step, which were significantly higher than those for SM, except for SMB300 in F1. Following readsorption, Cu in biochar was redistributed mainly into the F3 (30.91–71.24%) and F4 (27.82–68.05%) fractions, whereas Zn redistribution occurred predominantly into F2 (27.78–33.46%) and F4 (42.21–66.56%). After quantitative correction, the apparent proportions of HMs assigned to F1 and F2 increased markedly, while those assigned to F3 and F4 decreased correspondingly. Consequently, the modified potential ecological risk index (RI) based on corrected fractions was 59.3–329.0% higher than the RI calculated from measured fractions. These artifacts of conventional BCR®SEP could overestimate the stability of HMs in animal manures and their biochars upon soil amendment, potentially affecting fractionation-based assessments of environmental risk.

28. 题目: Valorization of Eichhornia crassipes into iron-modified activated biochar for sustainable removal of diclofenac and ciprofloxacin from water: adsorption mechanisms, techno-economic, and phytotoxicity assay analysis
文章编号: N26100515
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Divya Dhillayan, Santosh Bhukal, Navish Kataria
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: The increasing presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in water has necessitated the development of sustainable and efficient adsorbents for water remediation. In this study, Eichhornia crassipes biomass was used to prepare magnetic activated biochar through the co-precipitation method for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and diclofenac (DF) from water. Various characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, FESEM, BET, and VSM were used to evaluate the surface morphology, crystalline structure, surface area, and magnetic properties. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to study the impact of input parameters: pH, initial DF and CIP concentration, adsorbent dose, time, and temperature. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities of MAB for CIP and DF were found to be 135.33 mg/g and 119.72 mg/g, respectively. To study the reliability and predictive accuracy of the models, error analysis was conducted using RMSE, SSE, HYBRID, ARE, and χ2. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity assessment using Vigna radiata showed a reduced toxicity after adsorption treatment, indicating the environmental safety of the treated water. The reusability of MAB over 5 cycles demonstrated 62% and 64% removal efficiency for both DF and CIP, respectively. The cost benefit analysis highlighted the economic feasibility of MAB for large scale treatment of water. Overall, the findings suggested that the material is eco-friendly, cost-efficient, sustainable and effective for the removal of pharmaceuticals from water

29. 题目: From flocs to granules: FT-ICR MS and metagenomics reveal molecular-ecological reorganization
文章编号: N26100514
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Weixun Jiang, Junguo He, Zhaorui Chu, Ziyue Yang, Wei Sun, Xinping Liu, Yu Zhang, Randeng Wang, Wei Lv
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Aerobic granulation converts loose activated-sludge flocs into compact and rapidly settling microbial aggregates, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) reorganization during granule formation remain poorly understood. In this study, a variable-cycle aerobic granulation reactor was operated to investigate the dynamic relationships among EPS molecular composition, microbial succession, and functional reorganization during granule development. Successful granulation was achieved, with mean aggregate size increasing from approximately 55 to 840 μm and sludge volume index (SVI30) decreasing from approximately 150 to 45 mL g−1. Total EPS content increased from 28 to 104 mg g−1 VSS, primarily due to the accumulation of proteinaceous components. Despite this increase in EPS quantity, fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed a marked decline in molecular diversity, with the number of assigned molecular formulas decreasing from approximately 3.4 × 103 formulas in initial flocs to 1.8 × 103 in mature granules, while only 342 formulas persisted throughout the entire granulation process. Paired mass difference (PMD)-based reactomics analysis further revealed contraction of molecular transformation networks and increased importance of oxygen-rich and N/S-containing compounds in mature granules. Metagenomic analysis showed a transition from heterogeneous floc-associated taxa to a granule-stage community dominated by Zoogloea, with transient enrichment of Dechloromonas during intermediate stages. Among the EPS molecular features examined, carbohydrate-like formulas and C14H24O7 showed the clearest correlations with microbial succession and shifts in metagenome-inferred functional potential during granulation. Together, these results reveal a quantitative–molecular decoupling during aerobic granulation: bulk EPS accumulation was accompanied by contraction and selective reorganization of the detectable EPS molecular pool. The concurrent microbial patterns further support a working model in which aggregate-level retention selection promotes matrix consolidation, while the resulting matrix may contribute to microbial niche differentiation. This identifies selective matrix consolidation, rather than uniform EPS accumulation, as a key molecular feature connecting EPS restructuring with microbial succession during the observed floc-to-granule transition. These coordinated temporal patterns provide new insights into EPS–microbial reorganization during granule formation and identify carbohydrate-associated matrix consolidation as a candidate molecular feature for monitoring aerobic granular sludge development.

30. 题目: Fe3O4@quaternary chitosan accelerates microalgal-bacterial granular sludge formation through EPS enhancement and surface thermodynamic modulation
文章编号: N26100513
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: Ze Li, Guanqin Huang, Aqib Zafar Khan, Sheng Dong, Fei Huang, Yufeng Ling, Lingcheng Liu, Jun Chen, Wenbiao Jin, Zhangli Hu, Yihong Zheng
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Microalgal-bacterial granular sludge (MBGS) is a promising sustainable technology for wastewater treatment, but its prolonged granulation period (30–60 d) limits practical application. Here, Fe3O4@quaternary chitosan (Fe3O4@QC) composites were synthesized and evaluated at 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg L−1 in photo-sequencing batch reactors treating synthetic wastewater. At the optimal dosage of 25 mg L−1, the mean particle diameter exceeded 200 μm within 5 d, representing a 6–12-fold reduction in granulation time compared with conventional MBGS systems. After 25 d, the resulting granules exhibited a sludge volume index (SVI5) of 34 mL g−1, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) of 5.87 g L−1, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal above 90% and 80%, respectively. Fe3O4@QC attenuated the negative surface charge (−14.37 to −13.30 mV) and increased the water contact angle to 92.67°, increasing the magnitude of the adhesion free energy by 89.5%. Fe3O4@QC was associated with an approximately 12-fold increase in intracellular cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and a 2.3-fold increase in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), together with enrichment of c-di-GMP- and quorum-sensing-related genes, including sadC, mucR, luxI/R, rhlI/R, and rpfB/C. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses revealed coordinated changes of nitrogen-transformation genes (nirK, nosZ, narG) and key polysaccharide/amino-acid precursors (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, alanine, lysine). These findings support a coupled physicochemical–biological mechanism, whereby surface thermodynamic modulation promotes initial aggregate attachment, followed by c-di-GMP-associated EPS matrix development. Fe3O4@QC effectively accelerates MBGS start-up, while long-term granule stability and process-scale feasibility warrant further validation.

31. 题目: Morphology Change of Diesel Exhaust Black Carbon Particles during Humidification and Evaporation
文章编号: N26100512
期刊: Atmospheric Environment
作者: Kexin Liu, Zhuofei Du, Zongxuan Li, Fuyang Zhang, Xin Gong, Jinsheng Zhang, Hongjun Mao, Jianfei Peng
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Diesel exhaust black carbon (BC) particles constitute a dominant fraction of urban atmospheric BC, yet their morphology evolution during humidification and evaporation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the size and effective-density responses of BC particles from in-use diesel vehicles meeting China IV and China V emission standards during water uptake and evaporation. Thermally denuded BC-rich particles showed negligible size and effective density changes during either process. In contrast, directly emitted BC particles exhibited size-dependent mobility-diameter responses. For 50 nm particles, no significant change or slight growth was observed for the tested vehicles after humidification, without further change after evaporation. For 100 nm particles, mobility diameter showed a slight decrease after humidification, with a further decrease of 3.7 ± 1.6 nm for the tested China V particles after evaporation. The 150 nm particles from the tested China V vehicle showed the strongest response, decreasing by 6.1 ± 2.0 nm after humidification and by a further 7.0 ± 2.2 nm after evaporation. These mobility-diameter changes were accompanied by increased effective density. For 100 nm particles, the effective density increased from 0.95 ± 0.00 to 1.13 ± 0.00 g cm-3, while that of 150 nm particles increased from 0.91 ± 0.01 to 1.19 ± 0.01 g cm-3 after humidification–evaporation processing. TEM observations further revealed more compact morphology after humidification–evaporation processing. The more pronounced changes of particles from the tested China V vehicle were consistent with differences in non-BC components. Our results indicate that freshly emitted diesel BC particles can undergo enhanced compactness during humidification and water evaporation. Such BC restructuring should be considered when evaluating the optical properties of fresh BC. To our knowledge, this study firstly provides evidence for structural evolution in diesel exhaust BC particles after water evaporation.

32. 题目: Mechanisms of Fe and Mn mediated organic carbon fraction transformation in vegetable garden soils from manganese mining areas under extreme drought and flooding conditions
文章编号: N26100511
期刊: Applied Soil Ecology
作者: Daiwei Li, Qin Tian, Pengfei Cheng, Jun Chang, Yong Wang, Kuan Cheng, Shiwen Hu, Tongxu Liu, Haoli Qin
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) play a key role in the soil organic carbon (SOC) fraction transformation. Guizhou Province is an important Mn-enriched region, and frequently experiences extreme rainfall, as well as occasional droughts. The common effect of Fe, Mn and extreme drought and flooding on the SOC fractions transformation in Mn-enriched region remains poorly understood. Here, this study focused on vegetable garden soils adjacent to a manganese mining area in Songtao County, examining the responses of SOC fractions and microbial community structure to extreme drought and flooding, with attention to the role of Fe and Mn in SOC transformation. The results showed that Mn-rich soils contained more particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) than that of soils with low manganese content under both drought and flooding. In contrast, the less dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were detected in Mn-rich soils. DOC is relatively low under flooding, and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence analysis revealed lower fulvic and humic acid components under flooding. Meanwhile, the lower levels of fulvic acid and humic acid were detected in Mn-rich soils than in other soils. MBC was positively related to microbial diversity and richness, with higher microbial activity and MBC under flooding. Mn- and Fe-rich soils reduced microbial activity and MBC, especially under flooding. This study reveals the transformation of SOC fractions in vegetable garden soils adjacent to a manganese mining area, providing a basis for carbon sequestration assessment in mining-affected agricultural soils.

33. 题目: Dose-dependent regulation of methanogenesis and microbial community assembly by biochar during thermophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge
文章编号: N26100510
期刊: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
作者: Xuhan Gu, Xiaoxing Li, Zhaoyong Sun, Tiezhu Yan, Yi Liu, Yueqin Tang
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Biochar has been recognized as a promising additive for improving anaerobic digestion (AD). However, its dose-dependent effects on thermophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of waste activated sludge remain insufficiently understood. Here, the effects of different biochar dosages (5, 10, 15, and 20g·kg⁻¹) on methane production, process stability, enzymatic activity, and microbial community succession were investigated during thermophilic HSAD of dewatered sludge. Biochar markedly enhanced digestion performance, with cumulative methane yield increasing from 85.23mL·g⁻¹ VTS in the control to 98.06–144.66mL·g⁻¹ VTS in the biochar-amended treatments, corresponding to increases of 15.05%–69.73%. Meanwhile, biochar reduced volatile fatty acids accumulation and soluble organic carbon concentrations, indicating improved intermediate utilization and process stability. The increased activities of protease, α-glucosidase, and coenzyme F420 further suggested that biochar promoted both hydrolytic degradation and methanogenic activity. Microbial community analysis revealed that biochar reshaped bacterial and archaeal assemblages by enriching hydrolytic, syntrophic, and methanogenesis-associated taxa, including Bacillota, Syntrophomonas, Methanosarcina, and Methanoculleus. Correlation analysis supported close associations between key functional microorganisms and digestion performance, with hydrolytic and fermentative bacteria linked to organic matter conversion and Methanomassiliicoccus positively correlated with methane production and process stability. Notably, biochar significantly improved the anaerobic digestion quality index (ADQI) by enhancing hydrolysis in the startup stage and methanogenesis in the later stage, with the greatest overall improvement achieved at BC10–BC15. These findings provide useful insights into the dose-dependent responses of microbial communities and digestion performance during biochar-assisted sludge digestion, and provide a practical reference for biochar dosage optimization under thermophilic high-solids conditions.

34. 题目: On-farm evaluation of peanut shell biochar as a potential alternative potassium source for peanut production on Andisols
文章编号: N26100509
期刊: Environmental Technology & Innovation
作者: Elizabeth Manneh, Meseret Gutema Abebe, Mutsa Muhambi, Agnes Aron Dube, Mitsuru Tsubo, Kuniaki Sato, Eiji Nishihara
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Reducing dependence on imported and mined potassium (K) fertilizers requires locally available nutrient sources that can maintain crop performance under practical field conditions. This study evaluated peanut shell biochar as a potential alternative K source for on-farm peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production on Andisols in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Paired on-farm strip trials were conducted across five farms in 2024, with descriptive observations from one repeated site in 2025.

35. 题目: Agricultural and forestry biochar for the removal of micro(nano)plastics from water
文章编号: N26100508
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Yilong Fan, Yanyan Dou, Yang Li, Xuejun Duan, Jingjing Lv, Juexiu Li, Xinao Wei, Keke Zhao, Baojun Li, Yanyan Liu
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Agroforestry residues are abundant lignocellulosic bioresources whose thermochemical conversion into biochar provides a sustainable pathway for waste valorization, carbon retention, and micro(nano)plastic remediation in aquatic environments. This review summarizes recent progress in agroforestry biomass-derived biochar for micro(nano)plastic removal by linking feedstock composition, pyrolysis conditions, functional engineering, structure–property relationships, and removal mechanisms. Key biochar properties, including aromaticity, surface functionality, porosity, hydrophobicity, and surface charge, are discussed in relation to physical retention, hydrophobic interaction, van der Waals forces, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, π–π interaction, and surface complexation. The review further evaluates practical constraints, including realistic water-matrix interference, regeneration durability, secondary pollution, metal leaching, life-cycle performance, and techno-economic feasibility. Overall, this review provides a bioresource-oriented framework for designing sustainable agroforestry biochar systems for micro(nano)plastic remediation.

36. 题目: How membrane aeration and organic carbon enhanced the performance of algal-bacterial biofilm systems for acid mine drainage treatment?
文章编号: N26100507
期刊: Bioresource Technology
作者: Zhen Ruan, Bofu Yuan, Junzhen Di, Liwei Ruan, Liqin Ruan
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Acid mine drainage (AMD), characterized by low pH, high sulfate concentrations, and toxic heavy metals, poses severe ecological and human health risks. This study compared the performance of a conventional aerated algal-bacterial biofilm reactor (CAABR) and a membrane-aerated algal-bacterial biofilm reactor (MAABR) for AMD treatment. Six reactors with different influent COD concentrations (400 ± 11.41, 1400 ± 19.07, and 2800 ± 18.37 mg/L) were operated for 80 days, and pollutant removal, biofilm properties, and microbial community dynamics were systematically analyzed. Results showed that the MAABRs and CAABRs exhibited broadly comparable sulfate-removal performance, whereas the MAABRs maintained greater aqueous DIC availability and more stable heavy-metal removal under shock loading. Kinetic analysis revealed a transition from algal assimilation (first-order) to SRB-mediated reduction (zero-order) as COD increased, confirming that COD/SO42− ratios regulate pathway dominance. Multiscale biofilm characterization and EPS fluorescence analysis demonstrated that membrane aeration improved CO2/O2 mass transfer, enhanced algal biomass, and maintained higher EPS secretion under stress. High-throughput sequencing revealed the simultaneous enrichment of Pseudomonas and the sulfate-reducing genus Desulfosporosinus, indicating that the MAABR supported the coexistence of functionally distinct microbial populations. Overall, this study demonstrates that membrane aeration enhances algal-bacterial symbiosis, improves pollutant removal efficiency, and strengthens system resilience, providing a promising and sustainable approach for AMD remediation.

37. 题目: Restructuring alkaline floodplain soils: Straw-derived artificial humic acid enhances aggregate stability, carbon sequestration, and crop yield
文章编号: N26100506
期刊: Soil and Tillage Research
作者: Bin Li, Farman Ali Chandio, Chao Zhao, Lijun Xu, Xiangjun Zhao
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Compacted alkaline soils in the historical Yellow River floodplain constrain hydraulic regulation, carbon stabilization, and crop productivity. We evaluated a nitrogen-enriched artificial humic acid (A-HA) synthesized from crop residues by supercritical ammonification in a two-year field experiment under a winter wheat–summer maize rotation, comparing A-HA (CH) with no amendment (CK), straw return (CS), and biochar (CB). CH significantly improved soil structure, increasing total stable aggregates to 30.7% (38.9% higher than CK) and promoting macroaggregate formation. It also optimized wet–dry hydraulic functioning, with higher saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), lower unsaturated hydraulic conductivity near field capacity [K(−10 kPa)], and greater maximum water-holding capacity (MWHC). Unlike CB, which increased soil pH to 9.16, CH buffered alkalinity and lowered pH to 8.03 after two years. CH further promoted humification and carbon stabilization, increasing humic substances carbon (HS-C) to 10.3 g kg⁻¹ while sustaining microbial biomass carbon. These coupled improvements increased annual total grain production by 20.9% relative to CK. Converting crop residues into A-HA provides an effective and sustainable strategy for rehabilitating compacted alkaline floodplain soils by simultaneously improving aggregation, hydraulic regulation, humified carbon accumulation, and crop yield.

38. 题目: Long-term soil organic phosphorus dynamics: evidence from 14C time series
文章编号: N26100505
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Layla M San-Emeterio, Carlos A Sierra, Marie Spohn
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics involve interactions between carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycling, yet the long-term dynamics of organic phosphorus (OP) in soils remains poorly understood. While radiocarbon (14C) has been widely used to study soil organic carbon (OC) dynamics, the persistence of OP is commonly assumed to mirror that of OC, despite indications that phosphorylated compounds interact more strongly with minerals and may turn over more slowly. Here, we use the excess atmospheric 14C resulting from nuclear weapons tests in the 1950s and 1960s (so called bomb-derived 14C) to investigate multi-decadal OP dynamics in agricultural soils using a recently developed extraction–precipitation method that isolates total precipitated organic P (TPOP) for radiocarbon analysis. We studied archived topsoil samples (0–20 cm) collected at regular intervals between 1957 and 2019 at three long-term experimental sites in southern Sweden. Total organic carbon (TOC) declined strongly over 60 years, while total organic phosphorus remained stable across all sites. Across all sites, Δ14C values of TOC rose in the 1960s following the 14C in the atmosphere and decreased slowly during the last decades. In contrast, the Δ14C of TPOP did not change significantly over time. These results provide the first field-based radiocarbon evidence that soil OP turns over more slowly than TOC, likely due to stronger associations with minerals. Our findings indicate a partial decoupling of C and P cycling and highlight OP as an intermediately stable SOM component.

39. 题目: Intractable methodological problems in estimations of the potential energy return on investment obtained from soil organic matter decomposition
文章编号: N26100504
期刊: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
作者: Tobias Bölscher, Jonathan Rodenfels, Claire Chenu, Naoise Nunan
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Recent interest in microbial energy use during soil carbon dynamics has resulted in several approaches for estimating the potential energy return on investment (ROI) that microbes can obtain from soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. They assume that microorganisms need to make an initial energy investment, such as the production of extracellular enzymes or transport channels, in order to satisfy their energy requirements via the decomposition of SOM. The ROI is the ratio of the energy acquisition potential (i.e., the return) over the initial energy investment. Two approaches for approximating the potential ROI have been taken in the past: an Arrhenius-based approach and one based on the nominal oxidation state of carbon (NOSC). Both approaches estimate the energy acquisition potential as the enthalpy of combustion of SOM (ΔCH°). The required energy investments are quantified as either the activation energy (Ea) of the SOM combustion reaction, derived from Arrhenius plots, or as the Gibbs free energy for oxidation half reactions of organic carbon (ΔG°Cox), derived from the NOSC. All three variables—ΔCH°, Ea, and ΔG°Cox—are expressed in different units, necessitating unit conversion before ROI values can be calculated. Here, we show that it is not possible to convert units in the Arrhenius-based ROI approach, because it is still not possible to quantify the average molar mass of SOM. The previously applied unit conversion procedures or the lack of unit conversion lead to inaccurate ROI values, which can be an order of magnitude smaller than actual ROI values and do not rank potential ROIs values correctly. The Arrhenius-based ROI approach should therefore not be used and conclusions from previously published studies that have used this approach should be carefully reconsidered. The NOSC-based ROI approach is unaffected, but contains uncertainties due to the error margins in the NOSC– ΔG°Cox relationship. Therefore, conclusions drawn from the NOSC-based ROI need also critical reconsideration.

40. 题目: Effects of biochar surface hydrophilic groups on the selective mining of seawater calcium and magnesium
文章编号: N26100503
期刊: Chemical Engineering Journal
作者: TsingHai Wang, Yun-Chen Sung, Chia-An Tsao, Tzu-Han Lin
更新时间: 2026-10-05
摘要: Seawater mining is a sustainable strategy for mineral exploitation, yet achieving high calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) selectivity remains challenging due to the complex seawater matrix. This study introduces biochar pyrolyzed under varying temperatures (400–800°C) as an effective photothermal evaporator to accelerate localized supersaturation to facilitate selective Ca/Mg mineralization. The effects of surface hydrophilic groups on the selective mining of seawater Ca/Mg were accordingly explored. At day 5, low-temperature (low-T) biochars rich in hydrophilic groups achieve a Ca capture of 0.42 ± 0.11 mmol/g with a high Ca/Mg ratio of 4.34. This selectivity occurs because Ca2+ ions complexed by oxygen-containing hydrophilic groups serve as a seeding template for orderly crystal growth. In contrast, high-temperature (high-T) biochars capture more Ca (0.65 ± 0.12 mmol/g) but with a reduced Ca/Mg ratio of 1.99. This is because without seeds, the severe supersaturation induces rapid but nonselective precipitation in the bulk solution within the biochar matrix, further entrapping the soluble Mg2+ into the Ca-bearing precipitates. Interestingly, despite higher Mg impurities, the entrapped Mg-stabilized CaOH2 and amorphous carbonates exhibit significantly enhanced reactivity for reversible CO2 uptake up to 0.35 mmol/g. Consequently, biochar surface hydrophilic groups act as a critical switch to acquire either high-purity or highly reactive calcium feedstocks. These findings reveal the fundamental role of biochar interfacial chemistry in selective crystallization, offering a practical, near zero-energy-input route to effectively mine seawater minerals.